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E-Governance
a.didar singh
Contents
1. Governance to e-Governance
2. Implementing e-Governance
3. Examples of Good Practice
4. Success and failure of e-Government
5. Future of e-Governance
6. E-Governance and Media
Definition of IT
Information Technology is the method of converting data into information based on computing techniques and communication
ICTs of course are the Information and Communication Technologies
Correlation between ICT usage and development
DEVELOPMENT NEEDS GOOD GOVERNANCE
Governance in the Colonial age
• Governments were created to serve colonial power based on mercantile and industrial-age economies.
• Based on command and control model for the enterprise.
• Bureaucracies operated vertically rather than across government.
• Rules and procedures based on ‘mis-trust’ and ‘checks’ were added to layers of staff.
Post Independence – Developing Country Government
as Panacea
• Establish a foundation of law
• Act as an agent for development
• Give employment
• Attempt to produce everything from bread to bulbs to bombs
• Be a social reformer
Agenda for 21st Century
• Investing in basic social services and infrastructure & Protect the environment
• Economic & and export competitiveness
• Lower quantity of government to higher quality of governance
• 24/7 working - Flexitime for employees
• Education and e-literacy
• Digital services to citizens
• Digital democracy
Definition of e-Government by World Bank
• E-Government refers to the
– Use of information technologies
– That have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government .
– These technologies can serve better delivery of government services to citizens.
‘E-governance lies at the heart of two global shifts: the information revolution and the governance revolution’
(Richard Heeks, 1999)
E-Governance : A Definition
Electronic Governance is the application of ICT Technologies to the processes of Government functioning to bring about
Simple
Moral
Accountable
Responsive and
Transparent Governance.
E-Government to e-Governance
– E-Government is the application of Information Technology to the processes of Government functioning. • digital information and online transaction services to citizens
– E-governance implies a new definition and concept of public governance. It represents a paradigm shift to the new information age. • Involves promotion of ICT technologies and e-commerce, and
adopting of these technologies in open and transparent systems over the Internet for
– government business,
– citizen interaction and engagement & most important,
– for development.
Components Of E-Governance
• Technological Component
• Social Component
• Cultural Component
• Political Component
• Psychological Component
• Service Component
Types of Interactions in
e-Governance
RATIONALE FOR E-GOVERNANCE
• Democracy and good governance imperatives
• Traditional decision making and service delivery at question
• Depleting public resources/funding
• Introducing e-Government to attract private IT investment
What is the ROI ?
• In the context of Governance, ROI or Return on Investment cannot be mere economic or commercial ‘returns’.
• Such ‘return’ therefore needs to be seen from perspective of ‘objectives’ or ‘goals’ of e-Government
• e-Government is a means to accomplish broader social goals, goals that move beyond mere efficiency of government processes to that of overall reform and development.
a. Improving the productivity and
efficiency of government agencies.
Re-engineering processes and procedures
to facilitate delivery of services, increase
productivity of the bureaucracy, and
increase savings are benefits inherent in
e-government
1. Creating a better business
environment
Policies to help create a business-
friendly environment to attract
investment
2. Customers online, not in line.
The effective delivery of public goods
and services to citizens accompanied
by quick response government.
3. Strengthening good
governance and broadening
public participation.
Empowering citizens by promoting
transparency and accountability in
government for citizens to be more
actively involved in the policy and
decision-making processes of
government.
4. Improving the quality of life
for poor and disadvantaged
Empowering the poor and
disadvantaged through their
participation in the political process,
as well as delivering much-needed
public goods and services.
Goals or Objectives of e-Governance
Implementing E-Governance
Issues for Governments
• Is good governance a priority?
• Who will pay for E-Governance?
• Are sufficient skills available?
• How to convince employees to accept the change?
Searching for a workable business
model
Essentially three options or basic business models presently in operation:
• Govt. initiated and funded computerisation and e-governance projects
• NGO or private sector sponsored projects – Experimental models
– Franchises etc.
• Joint initiatives between government and private organisations – BOO and BOLT/BOOT models
Marketing models from UK e-Government
• Models developed by private sector emulated by public sector thru out-sourcing
• Virtually all eight B2C models being used
– virtual storefronts,
– marketplace aggregator,
– information broker,
– on-line service provider,
– transaction broker,
– electronic clearinghouses,
– auction and tendering,
– digital product delivery and
– content provider
Ingredients of success
Common Belief
60% Technology
25% Process Re-engg
15% Change Management
0% Luck
Reality
15% Technology
35% Process Re-engg
45% Change Mgt.
5% Luck
Implementing e-governance
• Decide WHAT you want to do
– Key issues and concerns to be addressed
– Critical applications with high impact
• Identify WHO are your key customers
– Government agencies/employees
– Citizens
– Businesses
• Determine HOW you want to do it
– Deploy supporting computing/network infrastructure
– Establish standards for consistent implementation
– Evolve/automate government processes
– Devise appropriate policies and legal framework
• Start Simple, Grow Fast
Examples of good practice
Some Key Initiatives
• Customs and Excise (Government of India)
• Indian Railways (Government of India)
• Postal Department (Government of India)
• Passport / Visa (Government of India)
• CARD – Registration Project (State Government of Andhra Pradesh)
• LOKMITRA (State Government of Himachal Pradesh)
The new face of Government .. (TWINS Service Centre, Hyderabad, India)
from ‘in-line’ to ‘on-line’
6/21/2013 Presented By :Anupama Shelly Shilpa 25
Indian Railways (Government of India)
6/21/2013 Presented By :Anupama Shelly Shilpa 26
Customs and Excise (Government of
India)
National E-Governance Program
• Agriculture / Rural area development
• Municipalities
• Gram Panchayats (elected village administration)
• Common Service Centres (CSCs)
Success and Failure of e-Government
ICT/eGov Initiatives and Development
The argument is that ICTs (especially e-Government) can help in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (2015) through three basic processes:
• enhancing livelihoods,
• improved efficiency in the delivery of services,
• and allowing local stakeholders a voice in the planning process.
DIGITAL INCLUSION IS THEREFORE A NECESSITY
“Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D)”
promises
“If there be one promise of the digital age that has remained belied, it is that of the potential of ICTs as a tool for poverty reduction.”
Elaborate concepts, claims and predictions relating to
e-Commerce and the digital economy were made in the late 90s that may not hold good in today’s reality.
eGovernment experience
• Ground level research/data is beginning to show that the results of most national strategy efforts to date have been disappointing.
• A study by the World Bank (2009) which examined e-Government initiatives across developing countries has come to the unfortunate conclusion that 35% of all such initiatives in the last few years have been total failures and 50% have been partial failures
eGovernment success
• A Gartner study (2010) mentions that over 60% of the e-Government initiatives across the world fail. There are other studies to suggest that only 15% of the e-Government projects are successful.
• The e-government bellwether- the United States – also gives bad news. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which oversees federal information technology (IT) investments, and federal agencies "have identified approximately 227 IT projects —totalling at least $10.4 billion in expenditures for fiscal year 2008—as being poorly planned (on the Management Watch List), poorly performing (on the High Risk List with performance shortfalls), or both.
Success and Failure in e-Government Projects: Opinion Poll
Classification Percentage
Success 15%-
Partial Failure 60%+
Total Failure 25%+
Source: Poll in September 2002 of members of the eGovernment for Development Information Exchange, who have relevant e-government expertise, quoted in article by Prof Richard Heeks, 2003
Potential costs of e-government failure
1. Direct Financial Costs. 2. Indirect Financial Costs. Human resource cost. 3. Opportunity Costs. The better ways in which that money could have been spent 4. Political Costs. 5. Beneficiary Costs. The loss of benefits that a successful e-government project would have brought. 6. Future Costs. An e-government failure increases the barriers for future e-government projects.
Main issue is TRUST: citizen’s trust towards government has declined
dramatically over the past thirty years
what works better
1. ICT consumption: the use of technology in
applications like e-commerce and e-government.
2. ICT production: the creation of hardware,
software and other components of the ICT
infrastructure.( Prof. Heeks, 2005)
•developmental gains from investing in ICT
production are greater than for investment in ICT
consumption.
•Put simply, development or promotional agencies
and governments with money to spend would better
use it to incubate new IT firms rather than to create a
service delivery Web site.
Future of e-Government
Essential Ingredients of e-Governance
e-Governance has two parts:
– The ‘governance’ on ‘e’.
– The usage of ‘e’ in Governance
The ‘E’ in both e-governance and e-government is the infrastructure that enables and supports the networking of the public policy development.
39
Issues under Indian Law affecting business over Internet
Broadly there are three categories of issues :
• Legal issues covering the transfer of goods & services
• The recognition of contracts drawn up through electronic means and documents in electronic format
• The legal recognition of electronic invoice, electronic signature and electronic certification authorities
• Electronic fund transfer and electronic cash/money
• Legal issues that directly impact business / transaction of Network / Internet
• Taxation
• Trade & tariff
• Consumer protection
• Jurisdiction and dispute settlement
40
Information Technology Act, 2000 & 2008
• Electronic contracts & digital signatures legally valid
• Security procedure for electronic records and digital
signature
• Appointment of Certifying Authorities
• Certifying authorities licensed to issue digital
signature certificates
• Various types of computer crimes defined and
stringent penalties provided under the Act
• Appointment of Adjudicating Officer for holding
inquiries under the Act
E-government 2.0
• Investing in Web capabilities, and embracing user
participation • Move to a governance model in which e-government
initiatives are owned by “line of business” executives and supported by a dedicated, cross-functional team.
• Develop capabilities in critical areas such as marketing, usability, Web analytics, and customer insights.
• Get citizens, businesses, and other agencies involved in contributing or creating applications and content.
• Using Web 2.0 tools (Cloud Computing, Social Networks). Use of Web 2.0-based approaches enables governments, in theory at least, to mobilize citizens to become active participants in the operational achievement of governance
conclusion
•E-Governance in itself will not provoke
adherence to better governance but it can
certainly support such development.
•E-Governance cannot be an alternative to good governance and empowerment. It rather must be used to deliver this..
E-Governance and Media:
Media as a Service
• Publicizing e-Governance Initiatives
• Promoting e-Governance Initiatives in Media services
• Improving governance in Media
• Initiating citizen engagement through ICTs in Media
• Increasing e-Governance adoption through Social media
• Guidelines for Social Media in e-Governance
thanks
• www.didarsingh.com
