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Lesson One
• Lesson 1 will consist of a basic math review.
• All drug calculations can be simplified using basic math.
Objectives
• Review, practice, and apply basic math skills. – Review Decimals & Fractions– Review Fraction Simplification
• Learn how to convert grams
• Learn how to perform weight conversions.
Whole Numbers
• Whole numbers are numbers that don’t need to be expressed by a fraction or decimal. They are basic numbers.
• Whole numbers can be expressed as a fraction or decimal if needed.– Examples:
25 = 25.0 = 25/1
25 is the same thing as 25 point zero, or 25 over 1.
Decimals
• A decimal can be used to represent a percentage or fraction.
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0.25 = 25% = 1/4
0.25 x 100 = 25
25% of 100 = 25
1/4 x 100 = 25
Decimals
• Decimals become smaller denominations the further the digits extend to the right of the decimal.
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0.1 = One tenth
0.01 = One hundredth
0.001 = One Thousandth
Decimals
• If no number exists before the decimal, place a zero to make things easier and remind yourself that a decimal exists.
– Example .1 = 0.1
Decimals
• Anytime you multiply a decimal by 10, you can move the decimal point one place to the right.– Examples:
0.354 x 10 = 3.540.27 x 10 = 2.74.56 x 10 = 45.60.25 x 10 = 2.5
Decimals
• Furthermore if you multiply a decimal by 100 you can move the decimal point two spaces to the right. Multiply by 1000 and move it three spaces etc.
– Examples:
2.578 x 100 = 257.8
0.25 x 1000 = 250
0.7685 x 10,000 = 7685
Fractions
• The top number of the fraction is the numerator and the bottom number is the denominator.
• A fraction is another way to express that you want to divide the numerator by the denominator.– Example: 25/100 = 25 ÷ 100
Fractions
• Fractions can be simplified by dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number.– Example: How to simplify 45/100
45 100
Is there a number that will divide into both 45 and 100 evenly?
Fractions
• Fractions can be simplified by dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number.– Example: How to simplify 45/100
45 ÷ 5 100 ÷ 5
The number 5 looks like it will probably work
Fractions
• Fractions can be simplified by dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number.– Example: How to simplify 45/100
45 ÷ 5 = 9100 ÷ 5 = 20
45/100 = 9/20
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
Does any number go into both the numerator and denominator evenly?
Hint: If both numbers are even, they will always be divisible by 2.
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
78 ÷ 2 156 ÷ 2
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
78 ÷ 2 = 39 156 ÷ 2 = 78
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
39 78
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
39 ÷ 3 78 ÷ 3
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
39 ÷ 3 = 13 78 ÷ 3 = 26
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
13 26
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
13 ÷ 13 = 1 26 ÷ 13 = 2
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
78 156 = 1/2
Fractions
Simplify 78/156
78 ÷ 78 = 1 156 ÷ 78 = 2
Conversion of Grams
kilogram = kg
Gram = gm
Milligram = mg
Microgram = mcg, µg, or ug
Conversion of Grams
• 1 kg = 1000 grams
• 1 gm = 1000 milligrams
• 1 mg = 1000 micrograms
Conversion of Grams
• 1 mcg = 0.001 milligrams
• 1 mg = 0.001 grams
• 1 gm = 0.001 kilograms
• 1 mcg = 0.000001 grams
Conversion of Grams
1 kg 1000 gm 100,000 mg
1 mg 1000 mcg 0.001 gm
1 mcg 0.001 mcg 0.000001 gm
Conversion of Grams
• Convert 400mg into micrograms
Conversion of Grams
• Convert 400mg into micrograms• 400mg = 400,000 mcg
Conversion of Grams
• Convert 4 mcg into milligrams
Conversion of Grams
• Convert 4 mcg into milligrams • 4mcg = 0.004mg
Weight Conversion
• lb = pound
• 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
110 ÷ 2.2
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
110 ÷ 22
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
110 ÷ 22 = 5
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
5.0
Weight Conversion
• Convert 110 lbs into kilograms
50
Weight Conversion
• There is an easier way!
• Take the patient’s weight in pounds and divide it by two. – If you end up with a two-digit number, subtract the
first digit. ex. 81 - 8 = 73 – If you end up with a three-digit number, subtract
by the first two digits. ex. 112 - 11 = 101
The result may be 1kg off.
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2 = 88
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2 = 88
88 - 8
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2 = 88
88 - 8 = 80
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2 = 88
88 - 8 = 80
Answer = 80kg
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2.2
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 22
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 22 = 8
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 ÷ 2.2 = 80
Weight Conversion
• Convert 176 lbs into kilograms
176 lbs = 80kg
End of Lesson One
• Practice
• Practice again
• Practice some more
