Done enbe report

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation

FNBE APRIL 2013 INTAKEELEMENT OF NATURAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT [FNBE 0115]PROJECT TWO : BUILT ENVIRONMENT THE FUTURE CITY REPRESENTATION

NAME :CHEONG SIEW YING (EELYN)STUDENT ID :0314618

UNDERWATERSPIDER WEB

CITY

Your Name | Your Student ID | Group d/w/n | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University1


CONTENT :

1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….

2. A CITY…………………………………………………………………..

3. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION- The Ancient City………………………………………………………

4. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION-The Present City……………………………………………………….

5. INVESTIDATION &DATA COLLECTION-The Future City………………………………………………………….

6. THE “X” CITY…………………………………………………………..

7. THE NEW “X” CITY- Underwater Spider Web City…………………………………………..

8. THE PROCESS AND PROGRESS……………………………………..

9. THE CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….

10.REFERENCES LIST……………………………………………………..



1.Introduction:

The title for ENBE final project is, Project Two, Built Environment – “The Future City Representation”. For Part A (individual component) in this final project, students need to pretend as a mayor of “X” city which needs to propose a new layout of the city due to some reasons that the “X” city is no longer livable. Type for the new city can be either underground, underwater, floating on water, in the air, or enhance the existing city. Students also allowed combining two type of the city for our new city.

Data and information from ancient cities, present cities and future cities have been collected and some researched about component and element of city have done for purpose just to understand and produce a sustainable and livable city .The new “X” city are established in certain conditions and rules such as citizen are Malaysian, population between 150,000 – 500,000 and new city is smaller than Subang Jaya (70km2).

Symbiotic relationship, basic unit, form and function of the elements of the natural and built environment have been investigated, studied and analyzed to overcome the problems faced by the “X” city which is also related to the subject (Elements of Natural and Built Environments, ENBE).



2.The City :2.1 The city definition : City is, the permanently size of population which is greater than the town or village with legal or conventional distinction that can vary between regions and nations. A city have a stationary population which doesn’t migrate .In addition, concept of city also refers to certain type of community, urban community, the culture known as urbanism.

2.2 What is the brief history:During ancient time in Neolithic period, human achieved a settlement known as semi-permanent village. They populated in certain area which also known as village for a period then entire village will move to another places due to primitive method of cultivation.Human become more acute as the population increases, they know to innovate things; as a result, level of living standard will be better. First innovation for technological for that time was wheel which is first used in Tigris Euphrates and also the constructed of solid materials such as spokes and rims. After exiting these innovations, road and road building also created especially in the Romans at that ancient time.As earliest urban populations, distinguished by literacy among the humans, development growth in technological progress especially in metals, increasingly of complex form of social and political organization. For instance, Nile valley in Sumerian coast at Ur, Indus valley at Mohenjo-Daro, and existing cities in River valley in China.

2.3What makes a city:Basically cities are made by high populations or the highest forms of social organization which does not migrate. In the city, consists of road system for transportations, building laws, business center, sport center, food center for food supply, educational systems, sanitations, land usage, housing and so on.

2.4 What makes a good city:First of all, the city must in mixed neighborhoods to make sure the city is in density. Then , the city must also have a walk able streets with large footpaths along the road to provide spaces for a density community. In a good city, a secure water supply and sanitation system is provided in good conditions. In addition, safeness of the area of residential is important to make a good city. So, safeguard such as police must be included in the city area.Besides that, differences stages of educational systems and business centre are provided in the city. High qualities of medical requirement are provided the city such as hospital, pharmacy and also clinics. Difference types of public transportations are provided also such as buses and Monorail. Public spaces around the residential area provided.



2.5 What is the future city:Future city is upcoming places for human to live in which maybe exist after 20 years,30 years or 50 years. Existing of the future city can be any reasons, such as, the advance of the present city to create another city, nature disaster happened in the present city which no longer liveable, or maybe the present city attacked by the enemy in World War 3. Architects and designer now a day, have to imagine and design out the difference outlook of buildings which are sustainable and liveable. Future city can be located in any places such as in underwater, underground, top in the air, floating on water or also maybe out of the space. All the infrastructures, facilities and etcetera will be more advance and develop compare to the present city. The social living in the future city such as culture and habits might be different or same compare to present city according to the conditions and situation around the future city located. Example of future city is Syph , Australia. The concept of city is designed as underwater city.

3.Investigation & Data Collection in Ancient Cities



*Thonis – Heracleion City:

3.1 0 Brief of Thonis Heracleion city: Heracleion which is also known as Thonis. Heracleion was an ancient Egyptian city near Alexandria which now is located in Abu Qir Bay. The ruins and artifacts founded mostly made by granites and diorites are remarkably preserved and give a sight into what it was, 2300 years ago, a great port city of world. This lost underwater city was founded by French under water archeologists in year of 2001.

3. 12 Ancient underwater city: Thonis Heracleion was sunken and buried in sand and mud for more than 1200 years, 30 feet under the surface of Mediterranean Sea in Abu Qir Bay near Alexandar and researcher believed it was caused by nature disaster. Although the city was sunken thousand years ago, the surface of artifacts founded was in a good condition, which meant the material used for the artifacts are able to stay underwater for a long period.

3. 13 Details of Thonis Heracleion : During ancient time, Heracleion was Egypt’s main port. According to archeologist research, Thonis – Heracleion was not only a vital international trade hub but it also a vital religious center. Lots of artifacts found underneath the sea such as 16- foot stone sculpture thought to have adorned the city central temple and also the limestone sarcophagi that are believed contained mummified animal. In addition, researches also believed that the city connected through a network of canals spanning the entire temple, which give the researcher think gave it a lake-like appearance. Archeologists believed that there is three temple sunken named : East Canopus Temple of The God Sarapi, Heracleion – Thonis Temple of the God Harpocrate – Heracles which is believed that located in the center of the city , the third is the Isis temple of Taposinis Magna which believed that was built half then sunken.

3. 14 Conclusion for Thonis- Heracleion city: Thonis Heracleion actually is not a city built underwater, it was built on land, due to the earthquake and flooded, the city sunken. The citizen in Thonis Heracleion have strong believe in their God which can see by the location of the temple was in the middle of the city. In other words, the city extended around the network of canals. This shows the pattern of the plan for the city being built in a different way.

3. 15 Element that can used in my future city: As my future city is underwater, I need elements that can stay underwater for a long



period. From this ancient city –Thonis Heracleion, the elements used for the statues and artifacts founded can be considered as the elements used for my future city.

*Babylon City:

3 .2 Brief of Babylon City: Babylon was just one among many small kingdom in Mesopotamia when Hammurabi defeats his rivals in the region and established a society based in the rule of law.In dynasty of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuchadnezzar was in reign for more than 40 years which also give the Babylon achieved the period of greatest fame. He is prominent in the Bible as the ruler who destroys Jerusalem and carried the Jews into their Babylonian captivity. He also features in the list of the Seven Wonder World to the creator of Hanging Garden of Babylon.

3.21 Babylon’s construction:According to Herodotus, Babylon City’s outer walls were 56 miles in length, 80 feet thick and 320 feet high. Wide of the between the wall allowed two four horse chariots to pass each other. Inner walls of city which were ‘not thick as the first, but hardly less strong.’’ Inside the double walls were fortresses and temple which contained immense statues of solid gold. Then, rising above the city was the famous Tower of Babel, a temple to the god Marduk, which seemed to reach heavens.

3.22 Details of the Hanging Garden in Babylon:According to research, Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar to cheer up his homesick wife.As we know that Babylon was rarely to received rain, so, water from the nearby Euphrates River is needed to water the garden ensure it survive. The system called ‘chain pump’ was used to channels the water to the garden. The chain pump system contain two big wheels which placed one above another connected by a chain. Buckets will hung on the chain, and below the bottom of wheel is a pool as water source. When the wheel turned, the buckets will dip into the pool and pick up the water. Then, the chain will lift up the buckets to upper wheel, then empty buckets will lift down and dip in pool, after water refilled the buckets will lift up again continuously. On top of the garden, man- made stream which is the channel, allows the water flow when the gates release.

Basically, the garden sloped like a hill, the appearance of whole resembled a theatre. As ascending the terraces, which starts from the beneath gallery that carried entire weight of planted garden little by little above the other along the approach. At the uppermost gallery about 50 cubits height which is the highest surface of the park made level with circuit wall of battlement city. In addition, the first layer of the foot made up a layer of feed laid in great quantities of bitumen while the second layer



courses of baked brick bonded by cement and the third layer which is covered by lead to the end that moisture from soil might not penetrate beneath. Besides that, the galleries were projecting each another and expose to sunlight. Galleries contained many royal lodging or every description and there was only one gallery contained opening leading from the topmost surface and machines for supplying the garden with water, the machines raising the water in great abundance from river.

3.23 Conclusion for Babylon:The Hanging Garden in Babylon was not actually ‘hanging’ as the name indicates, but it is cascading off of terraces. Within the century of construction for Hanging Garden,

Babylon’s city walls were destroyed due to earthquake.

3.24 Elements that can be used in my future city:Firstly, the water supply system used for the Hanging Garden can be investigated by advance it and may use in the underwater city. Then, the landscape of the Hanging Garden is quit unique, especially the way of the plant placed. The landscape idea for the Hanging Garden can used a reference or guideline in the future city.

4.Investigation & Data Collection in Present Cities:



*Singapore :

4.1 Brief of SingaporeSingapore, officially Republic of Singapore is a Southeast Asia island city-state with population estimate 5,293,0002 . Singapore is the biggest port in Southeast Asia which connected 600 ports around more than 100 countries and also one of the most busiest city in the world.

4.11 Water Desalination in Singapore:In the early year, there is only two main water resources in Singapore. One of the water resources were its reservoirs and other resources by importing the water from Malaysia. Singapore has to increase self – sufficiency and long-term water security by existing two agencies. PUB appointed as Singapore National Water Agency to ensure the adequate, efficient and sustainable supply of water for Singapore. NEWater, the high – grade reclaimed water produced from treated used water.

4.12 Details of water desalination in Singapore:Tuas Seawater Desalination Plant was built to ensure the sustainability of water supply in Singapore. Desalination is a treatment process that removes dissolved salts from seawater. There are two main processes are used for desalination of seawater which are distillation and membrane process. In the process of distillation, different type of methods are used for the evaporation of seawater, condensation of water vapour , and obtaining distilled water which is fully salts free. In the membrane process, such as reverse osmosis process pre-treated seawater is pumped at high pressure through a semi-permeable membrane that separates the water from the dissolved salts.

The plant design uses an open seawater intake structure with two separate inlet channels, each equipped with mechanical rake coarse screens. Growth inhibitors will be added to the intake to reduce the potential for marine growth to accumulate around the screens, pipes and other structures. There was a chemical dosing systems being installed, to ensure the adequate pH correction and for the addition of polymer coagulants. In the reverse osmosis treatment process, consists of two passes through the installed membrane batteries. For the first pass, which the dissolved solid will be remove from the flow, and the second pass is to ensure the reverse osmosis units will reduce the boron level in the treated water.

4.13 Conclusion for water supply in Singapore:



To ensure the long – term water supply in the countries, Singapore uses different methods such as local catchment water, imported water from Malaysia, highly- purified reclaimed water which is known as Newater, and the desalination of seawater.

4.14 Element that can use in my future city:As a future city located underwater, which is also called as seawater, supply of clean distilled water are needed. The methods and process used in Singapore such as desalination of seawater, which highly contain salt mineral turns in clean distilled water can be also used for the future city, which are surrounded by seawater.

*The City Of Chicago

4.20 Brief of Chicago:Chicago is a city of United State, US and located in the state of Illinois which is considered as the third popular city in US. In this city, there’s lots of architecture designs and buildings. Chicago was also known as ‘Second City’, ‘Windy City’ and also ‘City of Big Shoulders’. Nowadays, as Chicago in the financial, business and cultural capital of mid-west, it was recognized worldwide as “Alpha Global City”

4.21 Architectural Design:Architectural design in Chicago can be seen in different type such ask skyscraper, high rise buildings, low rise buildings, church, water tower, stadium, sculpture, houses, bridge, outdoor theater, fountain, hall and etcetera. All these architectural design can be seen in modern design and the traditional design.

4.22 Details of architectural design in Chicago:One of the most famous work of art is the Cloud Gate placed in Millenium park in Chicago. The interesting part is the sculpture looks alike bean shape object of giant proportion. It was made of 168 highly stainless steel plates which welded together seamlessly, then creates illusion of a drop of mercury. The Cloud Gate was huge and shiny mirror which will have reflection of sky and city’s line.Besides that, BP Bridge which made from 925- foot stainless steel is located at far east section of Millenium Park connecting to Daley Bicentennial Plaza. The BP Bridge crossing the Columbus Drive was supported by central concrete column.Jay Pritzker Pavilion located in Millenium Park also made from stainless steel. The function of the Jay Pritzker Pavilion being built is for entertainment which is an open air venue for music performance. The sculpture was clad in stainless steel panels that frame the stage opening and connected to an overhead trellis of curve steel pipe. The trellis in the shape of flat dome that supported by cylinder concrete pylon which clad by stainless steel panels. The sound system was hold at the trellis that span entire foot length and 300 foot width from the lawn area which gives the audience a fuller



feel of onstage sound. Seat are also provided in two area such as the main area located adjacent to Pavilion which can filled up 4000 people. The outside of the main area which is the lawn area can filled up 7000 people.

4.23 Conclusion for architectural design:Basically, the Cloud Gate, BP Bridge and Jay Pritzker Pavilion was located around Millenium Park in Chicago. There is more designing sculptures, buildings and etcetera located there. Three of these sculptures have the similarity that is highly made by stainless steel elements. The ways of design are very unique and the most important part is, it is long lasting which not corrode due expose to sunlight and rain water.

4.23 Element that can used in my future city:Cloud Gate, Jay Pritzker Pavilion and BP Bridge was made by stainless steel. It will not corrode or melt due to long term of expositing under sunlight and rain. It is stable elements, which is suitable for building’s construction such as underwater buildings and city.

4.30 Other:Ithaa Undersea Restaurant, Maldives :The boat-size structure is encased in a transparent acrylic tunnel offering 270-degree exterior views, so it's almost like dining in a fish tank. Visitors descend into the restaurant via a spiral staircase that is located in a thatched pavilion at the end of a jetty. Ithaa was actually built in Singapore and then transported to the Maldives, where workers situated the 175-ton structure on the sea floor by filling it with 85 tons of sand ballast. They then attached the restaurant to four steel piles with concrete.

Transparent acrylic tunnel with 270- degree exterior view was a great element to use in my future city.



5.Investigation & Data Collection in future cities :

5.1 Syph, Australia

Syph, have gorgeous concept design for underwater city. The concept of Arup Biomimetics design in this underwater city was dreamed up by illustrators, architects and designers. This idea was presented at the 2010Venice Biennal. Syph evolves into collection of organisms with specialized functions like energy generation and sustainable food production that work together to form the underwater city.

5.2 Water Discus Hotel, Dubai

Construction of Water Discus Hotel will be underway soon.The structure of the water Discus looks like the shape of ‘Disc and also called the structure as ‘Disc’. Water Discus Hotel was build up with two main discs that is the main part of the hostel in the middle which one was build up to 30m down underwater and another above the water. The two structures of discs are connected by five solid vertical legs and a shaft that hold elevators and stairway, which contained a lift and stairway. The purpose of the vertical legs is the stabilize the structure under the seabed. The size of each discs are different which has been adjusted to local conditions. The disc above water is the hostel that contains lobby, restaurant, spa and pool, while the underwater disc contained 21 luxuries rooms, a dive center and a bar.

5.3 Conclusion: Syph is a future underwater city for designed in Australia. It have a unique appearance like jellyfish. In this city, it have specialized function such as sustainable food production which can also include in my future city. For Water Discus Hotel in Dubai, which will start construction soon have a unique structure which look similar to disc. The model structure shows the stability of the hotel, which need to be concern in my future city.



6. The “X” City:

6.1 Brief of ‘X’ city:During the year of 2030, the rapid development of industries in the ‘X’ city named Subang Jaya which is located in the state of Selangor in Malaysia and the advance of technology makes the people’s life comfortable. Developments and advance of the area sure will involve with deforestation. In this situation, most of the natural forest on the earth will be greatly reduce, to build up industrial area. Decreasing amount of plants effected the pollution of air level that will increase. This is because plant will absorb carbon dioxide in the surrounding and produce oxygen that will make the surrounding air fresh.In addition to that, at that period, people live in luxuries life which most family member in a house will have personal car. This causes excessive of cars in the city lead to the increase of carbon monoxide being release to the atmosphere. In naturally, earth will reflects the heat from the sun that we called it as infrared ray and send it back to space. Unfortunately, the increases of carbon gases in the atmosphere will block the reflection of ray. Thinker the layer of gases, more heat will be absorb, then causes the temperature in the earth increases. As people focused in developing and doesn’t concern about this issue, serious global warming occurred. In 2033, temperature in Subang Jaya was extremely high, causes the city no longer liveable.

6.2 Populations in Subang Jaya:Population of Subang Jaya estimate around 710,000 which consists of different races, religions and also culture. The three main races in Malaysia are Malay, Chinese and Indian.

6.3 Culture and jobs:Different races in Malaysia automatically will have different type of culture. New year celebration for different races will be celebrated in different time. For instance, Malay people will celebrate Hari Raya Aidilfitri in August or September according to muslim’s calendar. As for Chinese, they celebrate Chinese New Year in January or February according to Chinese’s calendar while Indian celebrate Deepavali in September or October according to their calendar. Besides that, as a career, people in Subang Jaya mostly involved in education field, social services, health services, government services and etcetera.

6.4 Good future city: As the condition of Global Warming getting worse, people in Subang Jaya need a new place as a shelter to continue survive. A place with good air quality and suitable temperature condition will be a good future city. In addition, solid infrastructure and high quality of healthcare facilities is also needed for a better city. City with low criminal and low health risks is also consider as good city.



6.5 Conclusion for Subang Jaya city: As the problem of global warming that causes the rise of temperature in Subang Jaya , the city was no longer liveable. To rescue the people in Subang Jaya, a new future city is needed.

7. The New “X” City – Underwater Spider Web City :



7.1 Underwater Spider Web City:The idea of this new city came from the concept of the spider web. There a various type of spider web such as sheet web, orb web, tangle web, funnel web, tubular web and tent web. The most common type of web that we can around the house is the orb wen. Orb web is in circular shape which resembling a giant. Orb web is an immensely strong web. The concept structure of the orb web was modify in the new future city. The new future city named as Underwater Spider Web City.

7.2 Why the city underwater?The new city located under the water is because of the old city- Subang Jaya is no longer liveable which need a new place to continue survive. As the high temperature around atmosphere, the only way to cool down the city is build it under the water. In this condition, the temperature of the new city will be cool and calm which are totally opposite with the old city which is hot.

7.3 Characteristic and elements of the city:

The web structure of the city will submerged 35m down under water from the port will located on the surface of water. The city and the port will be connected by a huge vertical shaft that holds elevators and stairway. The structure of port look like addition symbol, ‘+’and two of the edge will connected. The connected two edges are the power plant station and the water plant station. The other two edges that are not connected are ports for ships. There is a shaft in the middle of port connected upward to heliport for helicopter. The shaft contains elevators and stairway. The main structural component used for the city is the transparent acrylic with high compressive resistance. Besides that, the entire of the port is constructed from fiberglass. In detail, there is two layers of fiberglass which is incorporated with electrolyte materials in the middle. During day times, the electrolyte materials detected sunlight will then altering the tint of the fiberglass or blacking it out entirely. There are two main electrical supplies to the port and city. One of the electrical supplies come from the power plant by using Tidal power which is also known as Tidal energy. Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity. Another electrical supply comes from the photovoltaic panels that integrate in fiberglass structure of the port. The energy from the two supplies will be collected in batteries to ensure the electrical shortage will not happen in case of no tides or cloudy day.

7.4 Zoning of city:The first layer start from the central of Underwater Spider Web City will divided into 4 zone such as government buildings , commercial areas, business area and industrial area. The second layer which is next to the first layer is the residential area. The third layer consist of hospitals, religious and culture areas recreational areas and educational areas. The last layer of the city consists of agricultural areas, community areas, hospitalities and tourism area and services area.



7.5 Conclusion for Underwater Spider Web City:Underwater Spider Web City can be consider as a luxury city because all the facilities provided will be high qualities. Electrical transportation which is eco- friendly will be used. People living in this city most probably stay close to aquatic which will make them feel relax and cool.

1. The Process & Progress

(organized documents of weekly research and tutorial sketches or findings scan it in or insert the original documents)



9.0 Conclusion:

As conclusion, any is possible to happen in year of 2033 which is in the future and people should take serious and concern about this issue and ways to overcome by thinking what they need in the future especially for future generation. For instance, collection all the sample seed of plants in lab to ensure the species will not extinct if the world change, and this also to ensure the sustain of food for the future. Besides that, shelter is important for human being, specialist profession should think about future place or shelter.



What I have learned from this project is idea to make a great future city. A great future city is a city that is sustainable and liveable. In addition to that, during my research I gained a lot of extra information about built environment. Different development of the built environment can be differentiates by looking the landscape, space, building and etcetera.

(describe what was important and others should follow or perhaps should know and what did you learned)

Max 3 paragraph.. not more that 150 words

9.Reference Links:I. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118952/city

II. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/29/heracleion-photos-lost-egyptian- city_n_3178208.html

III. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2013/06/07/09/37/archaeologists-discover- ancient-underwater-city

IV. http://www.islamic-architecture.info/WA-IQ/WA-IQ-013.htm V. http://www.amic.org.sg/new/adb/radio/4-NEWater.pdf

VI. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/08/30/underwater-cities-12-sci-fi-visions- real-design-ideas/


http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/08/30/underwater-cities-12-sci-fi-visions-real-design-ideas/

http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/08/30/underwater-cities-12-sci-fi-visions-real-design-ideas/

http://www.amic.org.sg/new/adb/radio/4-NEWater.pdf

http://www.islamic-architecture.info/WA-IQ/WA-IQ-013.htm

http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2013/06/07/09/37/archaeologists-discover-ancient-underwater-city

http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2013/06/07/09/37/archaeologists-discover-ancient-underwater-city

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/29/heracleion-photos-lost-egyptian-city_n_3178208.html

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/29/heracleion-photos-lost-egyptian-city_n_3178208.html

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118952/city


VII. http://www.sub-find.com/trilobis65.htm VIII. http://www.underwaterhoteldubai.net/

IX. http://davidszondy.com/future/underwater/colonies.htm X. http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/hydropolis/

XI. http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/Pages/singaporewaterstory.aspx XII. http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/energy-topics/technical-papers/

PGA2012_Hyflux_Hurn_Hagedorn.pdfXIII. http://www.attractiondubai.com/buildings/dubai-underwater-hotel.html XIV. http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-

effects/


http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-effects/

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-effects/

http://www.attractiondubai.com/buildings/dubai-underwater-hotel.html

http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/energy-topics/technical-papers/PGA2012_Hyflux_Hurn_Hagedorn.pdf

http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/energy-topics/technical-papers/PGA2012_Hyflux_Hurn_Hagedorn.pdf

http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/Pages/singaporewaterstory.aspx

http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/hydropolis/

http://davidszondy.com/future/underwater/colonies.htm

http://www.underwaterhoteldubai.net/

http://www.sub-find.com/trilobis65.htm

Technology

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