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DNA SEQUENCINGBy: Carly Beckstedt
What is DNA Sequencing?
the process of figuring out the correct order of the four nitrogen-containing bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine in a section of DNA
Sections of DNA are separated by size, recreating the original piece of DNA
Dideoxy Method Established by Fred Sanger in 1977 When DNA is being replicated and a
dideoxy base is associated into a new chain, it stops the replication reaction
Step 1 of Dideoxy Sequencing
A primer is annealed to a single-stranded section of DNA
Step 2 of Dideoxy Sequencing
DNA- primer mixture is put into 4 separate tubes with DNA polymerase and a solution of dNTPs at a concentration of 100 times lower than the dNTP concentration
Step 3 of Dideoxy Sequencing
DNA Pol uses dNTPs to extend the DNA
Step 4 of Dideoxy Sequencing
ddNTPs are put together randomly, resulting in different lengths of fragments
Step 5 of Dideoxy Sequencing
Fragments that are from each of the reactions are denatured and separated by size using gel electrophroesis
Step 6 of Dideoxy Sequencing
The gel is used to visually detect the DNA fragments. The fragments are to be read from bottom to top and this represents the complementary sequence of the original strand of DNA.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Allows scientists to determine genome sequence
Identify the genes causing genetic diseases
Provides details about individuals and their families
Police have DNA samples of people that have committed no crime
Ethical Concerns Too expensive Religious beliefs Diagnosing a genetic disorder before we
have the science to treat it causes distress in patients
Applications of DNA Sequencing
Forensics Identify individuals Determine the paternity of a child Identifies endangered and protected species
Medicine Detect genes that are hereditary or cause
diseases Agriculture
Map the genome of microorganisms
Future of DNA Sequencing
Projects might focus on researching: The links to develop lifestyle Genomic and cardiovascular disease Early detections of cancer
Bibliography "Dideoxy Sequencing Animation." Dideoxy Sequencing Animation.
Web. 23 May 2012. <http://spine.rutgers.edu/cellbio/assets/flash/dideoxy.htm>.
"Sanger's Method of Dna Sequencing Video." World News. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://wn.com/Sanger's_Method_of_DNA_Sequencing_Video>.
"DNA Sequencing: Method, Benefits and Applications." DNA Sequencing: Method, Benefits and Applications. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.biotecharticles.com/Genetics-Article/DNA-Sequencing-Method-Benefits-and-Applications-248.html>.
Russell, Robert. "The Disadvantages of DNA Analysis." EHow. Demand Media, 15 Mar. 2010. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.ehow.com/list_6083198_disadvantages-dna-analysis.html>.
"Ethical Issues of the Human Genome Project." Ethical Issues of the Human Genome Project. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/IE/Ethical_Issues_of_the_HGP.php>.
