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Disaster Management Disaster Management A Field ExperienceA Field Experience
Ratna K. BajracharyaRatna K. Bajracharya
BackgroundBackground• Geophysical setting of Nepal - from 100 meter to
8,848 meter high Himalaya between 90-100 k.m. of north to south
• Common causes of disaster - Disproportionate rainfall distribution, pressure of increased population reflecting on unplanned and uncontrolled land settlement and improper land use, environmental degradation and rapid deforestation, mass poverty and unawareness
• In Nepal disaster has become a regular casualty - flood, fire, landslides, earthquake, windstorm, hailstorm, lightening, draught and epidemics are the most recurrent disasters in Nepal
• Every year the loss is enormous• Response system is unplanned• There are many gray areas in the legal system• Disaster management should be prioritized
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-5_ lhNnf ;ldlt tyf :yfgLo ;ldltnfO{ p4f/ sfo{ ug{] u/fpg] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg lbg],
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If]qLo :t/sf] gLlt th'{df ug]{ tyf tT;DaGwL sfo{qmd agfpg],
-v_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sfo{x?sf ;DaGwdf lhNnf ;ldltx? jLr ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg],
-u_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sfo{x?sf] ;DaGwdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ ;do ;dodf hfgsf/L lbg],
-3_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ sfo{x? ug]{ .
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-v_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sfo{ ;DaGwL lhNnf :t/Lo of]hgf th'{df u/L To:tf] of]hgf If]qLo ;ldltdf k]z ug]{,
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-3_ b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf If]qLo ;ldltnfO{ ;do ;dodf hfgsf/L lbg],
-ª_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / If]qLo ;ldltsf] lgb]{zfg';f/ sfo{x? ug]{ .
lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf tLg r/0fsf p4f/ ;ldltsf tLg r/0fsf
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-vf; u/L hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{_,
;"rgf ;+sngnfO{ e/kbf]{ t'Nofpg],p4f/ tyf /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] Aoj:yf u/L /fVg],p4f/ tyf /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] ;+u|x ug{ e08f/ u[x lgdf{0f ug]{ .
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eO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
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eO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
b}jL k|sf]ksf] k|efj Go"gLs/0fb}jL k|sf]ksf] k|efj Go"gLs/0fljsf; cfof]hgfx?df hf]lvdsf] d"Nof+sg u/L k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDjg ug{ nufpg],u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf, :yfgLo ;d'bfon] k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] af/] cu|Ld hfgsf/L /fVg],b}jL k|sf]k ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng u/L cBfjlws l:yltdf /fVg],gbL sLgf/f, le/fnf] tyf To:t} k|sf/sf k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] k|efljt kfg{ ;Sg] :yfgx?df j;f]jf; ug{ glbg] .
ljsf; cfof]hgfx?df hf]lvdsf] d"Nof+sg u/L k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDjg ug{ nufpg],u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf, :yfgLo ;d'bfon] k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] af/] cu|Ld hfgsf/L /fVg],b}jL k|sf]k ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng u/L cBfjlws l:yltdf /fVg],gbL sLgf/f, le/fnf] tyf To:t} k|sf/sf k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] k|efljt kfg{ ;Sg] :yfgx?df j;f]jf; ug{ glbg] .
District LevelDistrict Level• Most important for immediate
response• Direction/order from Centre and
Region• Expectation from local level
The Fire Disaster of The Fire Disaster of PasupatinagarPasupatinagar
• A fierce fire broke on Phalgun 2058• Cause (Short Circuit), vulnerability - wooden
houses, plastic and polyaster goods and paints• 32 Houses totally turned into ash• 6 Houses were partially damaged• More than 100 family directly affected• A total loss of 500 Million Rupees • Good news (nobody killed/injured)• It took 3 hours to send fire brigade from Ilam.• Fire Brigades from Ilam, Bhadrapur, Damak and
Dharan• Help from Darjeeling Magistrate - fire brigade and
water from Sukhiya Pokhari of India.
Flood Disaster of JanakpurFlood Disaster of Janakpur
• A huge flood disaster occurred in Dhanusha on Bhadra 2059 following a draught
• 3 People killed several other injured• Hundreds of houses and hundreds of
hectors of crops submerged into water• A number of families were affected• Good coordination with security forces in
rescue of flood victims• Relief package from various NGOs
Flood Disaster in ChitwanFlood Disaster in Chitwan• 10 VDCs of east and west Chitawan
were badly affected by flood in Bhadra 2059
• 53 people killed / several others injured
• Hundreds of families displaced• Hundreds of houses and hundreds of
hectors of crops submerged into water
The ProblemsThe Problems• Legal: no regulation and working manuals • Organizational: no/little early warning
system, zero preparedness, ad hock planning, management by crisis vs. crisis management and lack of coordination
• Practical: political pressure, favoritism, manipulation and injudicious relief
• Financial: little program budget• Local: non-participation• People's perception• Relief not compensation• Rehabilitation : land is not easily available
ConclusionConclusion• Clear cut legal provision should be
made• Sectoral manuals should be prepared• Preventive and mitigative measures
should be adopted• Code of conduct for the stakeholders
should be made• Coordination should be enhanced
