1. Project Guide: Dr. D.K. MallickBy,Anid Murmu BE/1196/2009Nikhil Sharma BE/8034/2009Vishal Kumar BE/1206/2009

2. ImplantCorrectiveImplantsMicrochipImplantSensoryDevicesMemoryImplantsOrgan ChipsBrain/NeuralImplantSensoryDevicesMemoryImplants 3. External power source (ifrequired) through patch wornon skin Power transmission throughinduction Communication protocols(Bluetooth, Zigbee, RF,NFC) Intravenous & oral deliveryunder research Usually sub-dermal Most still in development! 4. Sensory Implants Usually Subcutaneous Remote Monitoring Mostly used as Bio-Feedback Devices Research on for use as InterfacingDevices Geo-tracking and other Locational uses Limited Life Span 5. Memory Implants Usually passive (no power requirement) Identification Authorization & Validation Record Keeping Re-writeable Mainly RFID Obamacare 2013 hoax 6. Organ Chips Artificially Synthesized Regulates bodily functions Limited life span Controlled release of enzymes Programmable Machine Targeted Delivery of medicine Intravenous/Oral insertion 7. Sensory Devices Useful for mapping brain function irregularities Diagnostic tool for Brain Diseases such as Alzheimers,Dementia Research tool for monitoring brain activity Enzyme coated to cause reaction Short life span 8. Memory Implants Prosthetic chip that uses electrodes to enhance and expandmemory abilities. Capable of storing neural signals, basically functioning asan electronic memory, allowing learning more and keepingit in the devices. Allows for user to instantly know things From the study of chemical interactions that allow short-term learning and memorization in rats Tested successfully on rats and monkeysMemory Expansion 9. Memory Implants Prosthetic chip that allows interfacing with devices Also used to interpret neuronal inputs from one part of thebrain and effectively communicate those outputs to anotherbrain region Enables thought based control Enables paralyzed patients to move wheelchair Utilizes bone conductive hearing devices for communication Tested successfully on humansBrain-Machine Interface 10. Sensory Implants Referred to as Cognotechnology Replacement/Augmentation of bodysenses Usually used for sight (vision) andhearing (cochlear) Research in progress on enhancingsenses 11. Regulatory Implants Regulates and Corrects bodily function Can be neural as well as body implant Utilizes Hatpin Electrodes for neuralimplant Used in conjunction with other devicesfor body implant Pacemakers (Parkinsons, Cardiac) 12. Intercommunicating network of implants Sensor Devices Communication Protocols (Bluetooth, Zigbee) Power Supply Seamless Connectivity with WAN Inter-BAN Communication Applications 13. Case Study 1: Bio Enhancement Implantable version of devicessuch as Google Glass Connected Devices (Connected tothe Internet) Utilization of Bone ConductiveDevices Targeted Information Retrieval Device can be miniaturized towearable contact lenses 14. Case Study 2: Brain Machine Interface Implanting Sensory Devices Measurement of Brain Function tooperate machines Also possible for body implantscontaining sensors such asaccelerometers, gyroscope Less prospective (only utilized foraiding people with disabilities) Devices such as Kinect (computervision) and Wii (Sensors) havemade this technology unpopular 15. Bio-Enhancement Enhancement / Improvement of body functions Expansion of cognitive function BAN connected devices Mental Learning Direct Information retrieval Scheduled Drug Release (Insulin release devices) Mostly theoretical. Some undergoing animal testing 16. Healthcare Corrective devices for people with disabilities Sensory Devices for Monitoring Regulatory devices for regulation of body function Nano-medicine Targeted Drug Delivery Scheduled Drug Release (Insulin release devices) Undergoing human testing 17. Monitoring/Tracking Useful for Geo-tracking, accomplished by insertion ofGPS/GLONASS compatible sensor Remote monitoring of patient vitals Allows for signaling in case of distress Monitoring patients, convicts, immigrants Currently used for tracking/ monitoring animals 18. Identification / Authentication / Validation Utilizes RFID Usually passive devices Record Keeping Activitiessuch as Medical History As a unique identificationmechanism Implantable credit cards /licenses 19. DARPA funding $32 million " human body-on-a-chip"research project Uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) Mimic peoples reactions to substances-of-interest. Used to test drugs, vaccines and Accelerate the pace and efficiency of pharmaceutical drugdiscovery Method for testing the toxicity of unknown substances. 20. Fig. Proposed MEMS Microfluidic Human Body on a Chip System 21. User Acceptance Religious controversy ( Mark of the Beast (Christianity), Haram(Islam)) Easy Insertion Reliability Durability Better power supply Better method of transmission of power 22. Privacy/Security Concerns Snooping on Information / Illegal Monitoring Unauthorized control Enforcement of stricter protocols Reliability Durability 23. Health Concerns Method of Insertion Research shows increase in tumor growth Leakage of components Malfunctioning of device Power transmission mechanism 24. R. Colin Johnson, MEMS enable Human Body on a Chip.Available at: http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4391805/MEMS-enable--human-body-on-a-chip- Min Chen,Sergio Gonzalez , Athanasios Vasilakos, Huasong Cao,Victor C. M. Leung, Body Area Networks: A Survey. Available at:http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~minchen/min_paper/Min-0-JNL-2-9-BAN-MONET2010.pdf http://www.technologyreview.com/news/427939/brain-chip-helps-quadriplegics-move-robotic-arms-with-their-thoughts/ http://gizmodo.com/5813821/scientists-create-first-memory-expansion-for-brain 25. http://www.emqus.com/index.php?/emq/article/credit_credit_chips_embedded_into_the_human_body_134 Schwarz, M, Single chip CMOS image sensors for a retinaimplant System. Available at:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=705445&contentType=Conference+Publications http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2013/feb/20/retinal-implant-sight-blind-people Sensor Chip for Monitoring Tumors. Available at:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110826112020.htm