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YJIK 8 1 1 . 1 1 1 (075.8)I;I;K 81.2Aurn-(?23 CONTENTS
A21
A BT tà p bl: E.1;. Kal>llellcKag, B.M. t7elloceeBa, 3.:. KYPOIIKHHa, H.II. MMMHOBCKM
P c 11 c ,1 'k e 11 ,,' 1.,.. 'tl,fl'c/lIaa Illloc-rpauuslx xasllcos Benopyccxoro rocyaapcvseuuoro neaa- ,SECTION 1. SVORK IN A PERSON S LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%1CCI(()I'(, FlI1lIkt*PCIl'I'C'1'l1 HM. MaKCIIMR TRHKA; 3aBCWIOIIIHZ KRYCZPOZ RIUWHQCKOFO S%1Karorul;CJ1OPyCCl(()ii I't1Cy2l11PC'l'l1C1llIOii IIOJIHTCXHHVCCKOQ ZKRXCMHH, KZHJIHZA YHJIOJIOFHXICCKHX U'NIT 1
. Anlbitions and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Ilty K 21( ,1 I
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C I 1'1' ( '. /1 . .l*f ).4.lt '111ç() 'l ,
lt't' ttlstttttl lltl tltl/f/lflf.r uaèanue atzlz/zflz/c/fbl. Bocnpouaseèeléue &c'eW Klsu''?u NJIN n%60û ee ,lt/(?t.vll/ 113. .,pf?,,?'.t.??? f7/,lv?/, ocytqecmsaeno Jcaptzpc?z/calf,sl uaèameabcmsa ' Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Missed Opporttmities (10)
Lesson B. Practice Tests. Text titles'. What Are They Looking At? (15) How '!to Research Your Family Tree (17) i
! :I Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Mrs. Garstin's HopesL
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. .and Disappointments (20)Lesson B. Practice Tests. Text titles'. My Mother (27) Behind Every Great Woman (29)
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LRqlT 11. Teaching as a Career........................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 31
lLesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Why I Teach? (32)Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: What Do Babies Kmow? (37) 11
' qe6 Hoco6He. P art II. ...... ... 39 '''AIIFJIH ;CKH; S3L1K. CTPZTCFHH HOHHMZHXS TCKCTZ . Y . . ................................................
tl 2 / E. B. KapileBcKa.q (H JT.1; Hozl 06m. pea. E. B. KaplleBclçoii. - / esson a. utensive Reading. Text title'. An English Language Teacher in Bath (41) jA2 l 11 2 xI. . -: M ullcx : BmttI. tuK., 201 1 . - 255 c. Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: The City College of Technology (48) )
é IISIIN 978-985-06-1949-5. f1-' (JNIT 111. A Teacher Through a Child's Eyes........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 1.$Il!JIgc':'cH B'ropoii qac-rblo yqe6Horo noco6llx, npeaHa3HaHellHoro aJI.% PMBHTUXj' jIlrI'cllplx pl cMlalclloBoro BOCIIPHSTHS TCKCTOB PDJIHHHTWX CTMJIHCTHHCCKHX H . / zj jyjtensjve Reading. Text title: Snowdrops (5 1) iIIlll$IpII(()l1 v (r1;12 t)?1 .tçpa6o'ra B )I(u3H#I qenoseKa'' OaopoBbe H MeaH- / s practice Test
. Text title' My Memories of a Boarding School (58) i)l(:ëlIII.)()II1,Ix Iluzlt)ll. Oxsa-rlcsae'r 'revbl , vesson ..j6cylyljtuBaHHe'', ççCnOpT'', : Y KaPTM MHPa , VOPOZCKaS 7KH3HIy y I'IYT'C- O tjonal Reading
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 :ihI I11 l ICKOC ( P.I.lr,,x ,,(' uupy-', ''o.ruuecwoe yueuue xpucvuaucvsa-' Kamaax veua coaep-u.r uer citk 6: r. t jayj-oplale sxnumalo'r ypOlt ,IlJIS aYJIHTOPHI>IX 3aHSTHZ H YPOK HR OCHOBC . In Praise Of Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 .Il:! 3 r):t $/! c JI:
. ji'roplloii pleg-reasHoc-ru. Ypolcl'l conep-a'r TexcTBl, aaaaHllf no HTeHHIO, BOC-Bllcltyylu
I11 () 11 g'rlllt) 11 1kll1tJI il3jr 77 C 'C CT :t. 'i: I
a 1g c'I.plc,I.I.oI, sslcttlux yue6uwlx aaseaeuuii. sn, c'rlox II. I-IEAL'I'H Axo M EolcAtz CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 ,,.1
YaK 811.111(075.8) Issx 81.zAura-923 UNIT 1. To Be a Doctor ...................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... 69 ',
i1 I49-5 (.j. 2) o Haaa-rensca'Bo rfBslttlaiittlax lulconap, 201 1 L I.i>sson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: How to Be a Doctor (69) ëISBN 978-985-06-19s-tl6-jjws-s j' l'L'.%son B. Practice Test. Text title: Coping With Stress (72) iISBN 978-98
t I II Ii
t I3. j i
tnqlv II. Tue past anu the present ..................................... 73 uxIT 111. comparisons and stereotypes . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . I38
Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: h Lettcr (74) . Lesson A. lntensive Readina. Text title: Travelleru Tales (139)Lesson a. Practice Test. Text title: smallpox - Epitaph for a Killer (80) ' Lesson #. Practice Test. Te 7t title: zanzibar (145)
1 Optional Reading ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 147. . .'(.' Challenges for HumaniT ...................................... 147illi
() 11 s . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . - - - - - . - - - - - - - 8 1UNIT 111. Threatening R/.I , How I Began My Shore Adventure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148i
Lesson A. lntcnsive Reading. Text title: Aids Hysteria (82) ,Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: Back-chat (86)
88',l
Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: lf Only They Could Talk (89) '. Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Samrday Night in London (152)Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: Assisted Suicide (93) t / esson a. practice Tests. Text titles'. The London Underground (157) ShoppingI /'' (1
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, il1 Dublin (158)95 'SECTION 111
. SPORTS AND GAAIES ..........................''.''''' 7 uxlT u. Fam ous Names ....................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. 159
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95 '' ,QRPjT L Good Friends Or YUVaIS? .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. '. '' '' '' '' ' ''' ' ' .' I art 1. ............................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 159
Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Where Have Al1 the Fans Gone? (96) t Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Shakespeare (160)f esson B. Practice Test. Text title: Surf lt (100) .E'
., 1 , : t r t I l . . . . . . . . . 1 63
UNIT Il. Different Attitudes to Sport. Sport at the International Level . . . . . . . 101 i I,t'.b'son W. Intensive Reading. Text title'. Madame Tussaud's (164). l,k.,b..von B. Practice Test. Text title.. Vermeer: A Young Woman Standing
Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: The Sporting Spirit (102) ( Itl :1 Virginal (168) 'Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: Get Active (107) ' I
' VNIT 111. Theatre .......................... .. .. .. .. .. . ... . ... . ... . .. 170109 'T 111. Sport as Part of a National Culture . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . - . - - - .
l.tbvxon A. Intensive Reading. Text title'. Drama in Cambridge (171)Lesson A. Intensive Reading. Text title: Americans' Appreciation of Sports (1 10) . ' /,t,.$,,$.()n B. practice Test. Text title: The CraR of Designing Cosmme (1 76)Lesson B. Practice Test. Text title: Well Suited for Shark-flled Waters (1 15) t
! .1NI((,TION VI. GOING PLACES AND SEEING THE W ORLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
D ......... 118 . 1SECTION lV. AT THE M AP OF THE W ORL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j !
': UNIT 1. On a Long Railway Journey ......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 177 1118 'LRqIT 1
. svhatlstbe Earth Coming To? .........................'''''''' .' I.t'.v.b'()n A. Intcnsive Reading. Text title: The Trans-siberian Express (179)
Lesson ,/1. Intensive Reading. Text title: 'I'he Population Bomb (120) , / f u,.$.(?n B. Practice Test. Text title: Slow Train to China (1 89)L esson B. Practice Test. Text title: Theregs Plenty öf Room Aboard Planet Eartb (125) .
, UNI'I'II. svhat a svonderful svorld .. .. .. . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... .. .. . ... . .. 190Countries in the Modern W orld . . . . . . . . 1 22UNIT 1l. Developed and Developing .
I ,'.$'.$'t)n z1. Intensive Reading. Text title.. Traveler (191)Lesson a. Intensive Reading. Text title: Progress in Samoa (129) . l f'.$',$'t?n B. Practice Test. Text title: An Extract from a Novel (196) The A.rtLesson B. Practice Test. Text title'. Projects Abroad (135) ' #'( 'l'l4lvel (196) Should I Stay or Should I Go? (197)
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19g INTRODUCTIONUNIT 111. lt's a Delightful Experience
le: Advertising a Voyage to the lndonesianLesson A. Intensive Reading. Text tit
Islands (199) : This book is intended for Second-Year Universityice Test. Text title: Make Up Your Mind (205)Lesson B. Prad
d college smdents majoring in English (from Upper-anlntermediate to Advanced levels). lt is aimed at perfect-
ACHING oF CHRISTIANITY . . . . . . . . . . 208 ing the smdents' reading skills and improving their abil-SECTION V1I. THE ETHICAL TE
ity to understand authentic English texts of diFerent208 stylistic varieties and genres.UNIT 1- Creation Bf t e . . - - - -
Reading in this book, as in Book 1, is treated as aText title: Six Days of Creation (209)Lesson .z1. lntensive Reading. self-contained course with its own requirements to theice Test
. Text title: History Set in Stone (2 16)Lesson B. Pract overall structure and the composition of each individualpart. At the same time Reading Comprehension is inte-217The Temptation and VZl of Man . . . . . . . . . . . - - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' - t d into the general course of speech practice throughUNIT II. gra e
itk in God's Garden (218) The Fall the lexical-semantical contents and the choice of read-LessonA. lntensive Reading. Text titles: Ling materials. These particularly relate to the followingof Man (219)
.n practice Test (227) broad areas, or topics'. F'tv/c in a Person Jç Lfe, HealthLesson .and Medical Care, Sports and Games, At the Map of the
curistian Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - . . . . 230 I'vorlti cf/y Life, G-oing Places ana seeing th 'e ''rror/ttUNIT 111. The Ethics of aEthical Teaching ofchristianiy.Text titles: The Sacrament of Martimony (231)Lesson A. Intensive Reading.
, According to the ntlmber of topics covered, the bookIuesson B. Practice Test (237) contains 7 Sections consisting of several units each
. n etmits are further subdivided into 2 lessons'. A and B.240S jrjtual StAndards Of Christiznity . . . . . . . - - * . . - - @ - - * @ - e * @ * * * @ @ L A are based On GPI-CPW-CII' Otlt-of-class activitiesIJNIT lv. p essons
virtues (241) sins and struggle and presuppose caref'ul analysis of the essential ele-.,4 Intensive Reading. Text titles: CristianLesson . . j. tjw text contents and structure. They 1ay spe-ments owith Them (243)
Practice Tests (251) Cial emphasis on text features such as linking, cohesion,Lesson B.
expressiveness and modal-stylistic differentiation. The254lessons include three main stages'. Reading and Com-prehension Tasks. Text Features and Language Focus;Follow-up Activities or Discussion, each stage provid-ing a variety of exercises and analytical-commtmicative
' activities. Lessons B focus primarily on the skills ofEquick' reading and developing reading strategies suchas synthesizing, summing up and comparing informa-tion, extracting main ideas, identifying topic (key) sen-tences, com pleting pragraphs, etc.
Special attention in this book is paid to vocabularydevelopment and reinforcement. Apart from pre-readingvocabulary lists intended as an aid for comprehension
; there are vocabulary tasks in Language Focus including
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jmultiple choice and matching exercises, word-meaning h n Fr Idefnition and word-building practice as well as Russian- VJ 1â t
English translation, aimed at implementing new vocabu- j E * LjFE jlary in speech. . !The purpose of the Discussion and Follow-up stages :
is to develop the sttzdents' creative speaking and writing . . . .
ing them withuw necessarybackground , T go âmbltlnns and oppnrtunltlesskills by providinformation and relevant problematic issues encotlraging : l
Icommunicative activity. IA man can succeed at almost anything for which ihe has unlimited enthusiasm.
.: Charles A< schwab
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:PARTIE
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LEss0N A. INTENSIVE REABINGi: 1
. Readinj and Ccmprehensinn Tasks. ::
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1 1, 1. Tlu fcllcwinj wcrds are essential fcr understanding and disctlssing the main
ideas cf the text Learn the meaninj and prnnunciaticn cf these wcrds.
E Permanent Under-secretary: senior civil servant responsible for ad-vising tlze elected M inister and efectively in charge of the department.
' The crisis in 1973: the oi1 crisis which caused the price of oi1 to rise Ivery quickly apd was resyonsible for a fall in industrial production.I
I Ralm Sprillgs : 11 Place ln California famous for the wealth of the in- l2YMiCYRIS. l
: ouns 1,l ambler glgœmblo) a person who risks money or possessions on cards
, 1lig I
?: horse races, etc
. 1 Imisery ( mlzgrl) great suffering or discomfort caused by being verypoor or sickVerbs ii'
. Ik anticipate (œn'tlslpelt) think about something that is going to happen 1' and be ready for it
invest glnlvest) give money to business companies to get profit Iimiss (mls) fail to use an opportunity to do smthpart (p(1:t) end a relationship with someone j'regard (rllgcudj think about smth in a particular way '!i.-
.f I Isucceed smb gsok si:d) come next aûer smb to tnke their place in a msition g
i' I; 9i .('. .
R ?
Adpctives ''Yes, l'm not worried about that'' he said. t1I was thinking about mycivil r'slvall connected with the ordinary people or thines in a countrv l'l's'ther, actually''rather-than -the m ilitary ones - - -Y' I had never heard that he had a brother
, so naturally 1 was cttrious.crazy ('krelzl) not sensible ''Itick's about ten years younger than me'' James said. çtl-le's always beenreasonable ('ri:zcnablj fair and sensible Iegarded as tthe black sheep' of the family. As you know, my father was a
senior civil servant and he expected us both to follow him into GovernmentAdverbs ice
. l did, but Rick didn't. When he was 17, he ran away andjoined thej SCFVinevitably gl nevltobll) unavoidably uexhant xavy. My tuher couldn't do anything to prevent it as Rick was
sharply g'Jc:p1I) quickly and suddenly jready at sea. we should have done something to bring him back and find11
him a reasonable job, but he never answered our letters. We heard nothing2. practise the irnnunciaticn cI the Inllowing prcier, gengraphical and plficial until a few years later
, when he sent us a postcard from Los Angeles to sayBZmOS. l)e was getting married. He had got a job as a :II'I'I extra* and the leading>Paulette gpo:'letq actress, Paulette, had fallen in love with him.Marilyn g'mœrllln) Once he had decided to become an actor, he should have taken it seri-James Graham ('dselmz 'grœm) ously but he just had a good time and inevitably there was a divorce. If Pau-Alaska (gllœskc) lette had been like my wife, Margaret, she wouldn't have had any more to do
' d ali:z) with him, but they parted good friends and she even invested in his crazy !Los Angeles (ylos œn 5P lm Springs g'pcrm 'sprlpzj schemes. He rang me up one day and asked me what I thought of investingaGovernment Service g'gavanont 'sarvlsj money in Alaska! If they hadn't found oi1 there, he would have lost al1 the j
'mc:fcv1 In'veldoz) money...'' çThen they found oil,'' I said, internzpting him. (iMartian lnvaders (social Security g'soufsl sldkjucrltl) çrh, yes. They had no right to do so, up there in the ice and snow. How- g,Merchant Navy l'm3rtfpnt 'nelvl) ever, they did well as the price of oi1 had gone up sharply after the crisis in
1973 and Rick becam e a rich man. Anyone with any sense would have3. Read the text and dn the tasks that fnllnw. stopped there, but instead of that he threw a11 the money into another mad !
idea. By that time, he had manied again, and he and his wife - M atilyn, I; M )/ opâorfuniû-c think her name is - had two children. He should have had some considera-
l l tion for them but instead he put a11 the money into some Japanese games !?+v p. ,:,.,. ,,,, ;,jl'i'''t t was about six o'clock on a winter af- called EçM artian Invaders'', or something like that...'' !lI
' - ' 'q ' fl'q '$' ternoon. Everyone else who had at- tçso where is he now?'' l asked, anticipating a further tale of disaster. 11
; . >'k k . ( ;. 'k... .. E k'... . .x g q . ., i Eij ' .' t L' .s . tended James Graham's Egoodbye party' trh he's a millionaire. He retired fve years ago, and lives in Palm I '..t?1).!IiE u . . E . >
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j jC z;b '). .y :(. . had gone home. I had intended to go home Springs. He belongs to the same golf club as Bob Hope. lt makes you won-
' X myself but James insisted on my staying. der whether we did the right thing, you and 1. Perhaps we should have been' ' ltjt j j;.,) . He looked rather sad and lonely, and I gamblers, like Rick''. !:' Iknew how he felt because l had been in the içBut you have to take into account that for every ltick there are 100 peo- I
o'4:G. ' .'.tC'E .. ': same position two years earlier when he p1e who lose everything and fnish up in misely'' Er . ï '
,. ''''ktV''7'jy
j,j tj succeeded m e as Perm anent Under- ççNo doubt'' he said, ttbut I can't help thinking that when I was young l 1: y(j . : a
Secretaly to the M inistry of Social Securi- believed Rick had m issed a11 his opporttmities. And now I wonder whether 1 ii
ty. I imagined he was looking forward to his retirement because he would ' was the one who did that.''1.have more time to Tend in his garden but was wondering if he would find
y .. yesg atwwscga,;j jh to d0. (Fr0m Sh'ntenoug jççlt's not easy, after a lifetim e of service'' I said to cheer him up, çtbut at ! I '> . .least you've got a good pension.'' ' *Elm extra - one hircd to act in group scenes in a motion picturc or stage production.
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4. Give evidence frnm the text tc prnve nr disprcve the fcllcwinj statements.
1. The narrator and James had been colleagues for a long time.2. James didn't need to worry about his Iinancial position in the future.3. James had been in the civil service a1l his life.4. Rick had always stayed in close contact with the family.5. Rick remained true to his frst choice of a career.6. Jnmes had always approved of his brother's bold undertakings.7. Rick was living and working in an elite area in California.8. Rick's case is rather an exception than a rtzle.9. James often wondered whether he had always made the right decisions.
5. Fncus nn lhe delails 91 the texl ln answer lhese questinns.
1. W hy did the narrator stay behind at the party?2. W hat was Rick's Erst independent decision?3. W hy couldn't the family do anything to bring him back?4. How did lkick meet his frst wife?5. Did James believe they would :nd oil in Alaska?6. Was investing money ln Alaska the last of Rick's crazy schemes?7. W here did Rick move after he had retired?
II. Tex! Featnres and Lanjuaje Fncus
1. Tat Interpretation: Inference
lzc cn reading a x/tpr.p wc have to take into account the attitude of theperson who is telling it, and sometimes not aIl the information we candeducekom it, is opressed clearly. It is then inferredhnm thefacts andopinions given.
* Decide which of the following interpretations is true.
1. James blameda) his father for Rick's decision to rtm away.b) himself.c) Rick.
2. He thinks Ricka) should have stayed in the Merchant Navy.
b) would have been a good actor if he had made an eflbrt.c) owed it to Paulette to earn money as an actor.He thinks Rick's investments succeeded because he wasa) clever.b) dishonest.c) luclty
4. His remark about Rick's second wife suggests thata) he has a bad memory.b) he has never met her.c) he doesn't like her.n e impression we have of James' attitude towards his brother in tellingthe story is thata) he is very fond of him.b) he would have been a successful gnmbler himself.c) he thinks life is tmfair.
2. Expressiveness
The language ofthe text is, on the whole, neutral b0th in x/y/c and in theJcgrcc ofexpressiveness. ln other words, it is neitherformal nor conver-sational in 1/.ç vocabulary or structure and it is not emotionally colouredeither J@/, the text is not devoid ofsomefeatures ofexpressiveness with-out which the narration would be less interestingfor the reader Thesefeaturesparticularly include..
a) idioms andsetphrases such as e.g. '//le black sheep ', etc;b) wtpr#.ç andword-combinations conveying the author 's opinion and
evaluation ofthefacts and events being describe4 e.g. fl crazy scheme'.
* Go over the list of word-combinations below and pick out thosewhich add expressiveness to the text.
a crazy schem ea further tale of disastera mad ideathe black sheeplook forward togo up sharplynot to have any sense
fnish up in miseryhave consideration for smbput money into smthtake smth into accounttake smth. seriouslythrow money into smthmake smb wonder
13
111. Reinfcrcinj Vncahulary 4. yransjate the fnllnwing sentences intn English using the vccahulary t)f the lext.
1. L00k at the Words below and decide on their meanlnj in the lext chtmslnj l ' Korfla rellepanbHbl; JHPCIW'OP OJIHO; KPYIIHO; YHPMM 6bI.1I BMHYXWCHthe Corrett O riant PZi1O Sûmu X/J Xd/lfll'o, W 0 CTaPIIIH; CblH CwHeRlcl W f) NJ MOCm.%
2. 0H, rlolxarlyii, 6b1.11 OmIHM 113 caMblx cnoco6Hblx c'ryaeHToB B yllHBepcu-actually a) at the moment b) urgently c) in fact 'reTe, uo, x coxcanelmlo, ynycmua cd/z/ coA oiucnocmu H npopaGoTa.qattend a) assist b) be present c) enjoy scio lxuaHb psaosslsj ItnepxoM.consideration a) care b) advice c) doubt 3. Mo; o'reu HHxoraa He Hac'raHsa.q Ha ToM, qTo6bl JI noutaa no ez/ cmo-curious a) interested b) intelligent c) strange naM, Ho ouells oropqymcx, xoraa , cKaaaqa, HTo npeanoxmTalo pa6oTa'rsmiss a) be absent from b) lony for c) lose a chance B pexzlaMuoM 6uauece.reasonable a) decent bljustéable c) wise 4. EczlH 6BI JI 6s1.q Ha BattleM MecTe, , 6s1 ue I/.-- nuqeto o#lzfez/ c Jlloqb-sense a) creativity b) practicality c) imagination Mu Taxoro copTa.
5. M bI qacro aaèyMsteae-ucx Ha;I TeM, rlpaBltribllo JIII MI,I nocm-bmae.H B IKIOHH. .2. Replace the italicized werds in the sentences belnw hy their eluivalents frcm 6. O> H 113 ee 6PaTbeB 681.11 KaPTeIKHHK, KOTOPIH IRPOHI'PZJI BCU, IITO y Hero :
the text 6i>1n0 H zaKouqua kvcllap: d nuweme.7. M 0ii 3HaKOMLI; CKD aJI, IITO C ;l'&ld#DdlllfGf Nitèem T0r0 MOMCHTR, Kor-1
. M r. Brown took over after l had retired. x j aauxmscg csouM .am6uMslM aenoM.aayliêe?rl na nencum, qTo: 2. As the prices of gas had risen dramatically the overall economic sima- g avo 6sm a 6eayMua.a vêex oTnpaslln c? B ropsl B Taxylo rmoxylo noroay.tion changed for the worse. ' 6 uo ueua6eiucuo9
. OH Mlloro paa nsl'razlcx HaKTH nptlauqnym pa omy3. W hen deciding on your fnal assessment the teachers will take your re-
vepue.a ueyaauy. .cent illness into consideration.
> , 10. OHHPaM EJIMCb, HO#JfrC#l/JJll;CA XOPOIIIHMH JIPJG SMH.4. If that teenager doesn t stop shoplifting he 11 end up in plison one day. j j Ecau 6sI Mue npeano-r u coseptuun noeaaxy B JloHaoH, yl 61a1 HHxor-5. The commtmity authorities are encouraging businessmen to put money 'aa He ynycmwla #5z omom Izzlzlr.i into local industly '(
q 6. Their maniage was botmd to break up evenmally.) 7. She has always been regarded as afailure by the members of her family. lY. FOIInW-U; Activity
8. we have always thought oylack as our personal friend. js ojyers. Do9 Any reasonable person must agree that praising children for good be- * Share your ideas about taking oyportunities that lli ' j3 taung risks m lire?haviour is better than punishing them for bad
. you think it is wort
10. Anyone interestedin the history of al't is recommended to read this book. '
LESSON B. PRACTICE TESTS3. Fill in the aiprnpriale hnxes with the wprds from the texl related ln the cnes
in the chart Test 1 '
Y0u are joing tn read an article ahotlt the impcrtance nl b0d# Ianjuage and aq-verb Noun Adjective/Adverb u jcjjx cjjjxrs, ctjstnms cfficers, and jBh intervieWers. Read the arb- 'pearance
act cje and dc the tasks that fnllnw.consider i!
inion *?f Pnok-na >T. 1m' jmiserable ( IPolice l
.f/icer !CCaSODretire 9 Ome People ttlrn into nervous wrecks simply by walking past a police
oflicer. They may be guilty of nothing more than jaywalking back in ,SUCCCSS1992, but their body language still scream s tArrest m e! ' !i
i i14 15
';
'
. f
'
!
'j
lf you fall into this category it's not a11 bad news. The police officer lllltly language. 0n the other hand, they may try to hide it and be too static.isn't paying attention to yottr non-verbal commtmication. ln fact, they're 'l'1ye trouble is these things couldjust be symptoms of nervesl''trained not to. ' t'I've even heard of really strange interviews where the interviewer lies
' Eçpolice oocers are told not to judge somebody by their appearance,'' ' t'I1 the floor behind the desk to see how the person reacts. The one who getsSays a City of London Police spokesman. EtWhat is relevant is whether ' tlke job comes along and does the same thing.''they're breaking the 1aw or not.''
However the British police are making increasing use of psychological 1. Becide whether these statements are True nr False.: ,profles of dlfferent criminal types. lt s well known that the majority of . j our body lanpzage (the way we communicate our thoughts and feelings
crimes are committed by males tmder 20, but you're also more likely to be ' jtjj our bodies rather than with words) is of equal importance to al1 threeWan ofrender if you have a short, muscular build and tattoos. : roup:.One area of police work where non-verbal communication is of vital 2 vou would probably be stopped by a police oëcer if you looked nervous
importance is the interview room. Sadly, the police were unwilling to share ' and guilty.
their body language tips with us. ? Most criminals are male and under twenty.
t 4. lf you don't want to be stopped by customs oëcials, walk quickly pastCustoms o' cer them looking cov dent.
' 5. What we say at ajob interview is more important than how we say it.RAnyone can be stopped and checked by Customs and Excise offcials,'' 6 w hen people lie
, they exaggerate their body language.explains a spokesperson. Kterhere are no hard and fast rules. W e've stoppedpeople dressed as nuns before. Any sign of fear is one thing we do look ' 2 check ycur tlnderstanding cf essential details by answerinj the fnllnwinq luestinns.out or.
' 1 tn eir body language screams tEArrest mel'' ' W hat information does theirThis might involve singling out people who walk tlzrough the Nothing to '
Declare door a little too quickly, sweat heavily, or avoid eye-contact. How- body language give the police oë cer?2. W hy do you think the writer says ççsadly, the police were mzwilling toever
, self-conscious bravado m ay also attract attention. Looking unusual can ,,galso lead to problems for smuyglers. ûç-l'wo years ago a woman came into Share their body language tips with us .
' 3. W hy might a smuggler pass through customs dressed as a nun?Gatwick with very striking bralded hair. A female Customs olcer thought ' jj js jt important to4. According to the information given in the article, w ythere was something odd about it, and took her to one side. It t'urned out that ,i she had hundreds of grammes of cocaine hidden in the braids
.'' 10Ok Smart at a job interview?
, 5. W hat kind of person do you think the interviewer who 1ay on the floor wasHowever, where you ve come from is as important as the way you walk. jot advantage would such an unconventional interview Içtwe do target certain routes. W e don't check llights from Japan as often as looking for? Wtechnique have over more c6nventional techniques?ones from Amsterdam.''
(From ''Landmark '' by Simon Haines (f Barbara Stewaro$Job interviewer
x st c iGTirst impressions come across in live seconds,'' according to a personneladviser. TtNfost of the information taken in then is based on people's preju- : 1. Read the fcllnwinç text and decide which wnrd fils best each space. !(Ii hich unfortunately, count for a lot.'' ; :iCeS W
, y. . p . ;!Apparently, words contribute to only about seven per cent of the overall V> f/ pcn Vp/' r4miy J e 'jimpression a PCI-SOII Colnmtmicates. Tone Of voice m akes up 38% and the
I'CX iS noll-verbal body language, clothes, and facial expressions. ;
reating a family tree can be an absorbing and rewarding pmstime, and who ,GCYOII Would 1OOk for the signs that someone was lying: perhaps they are : IOOWS Where it might (1) ... ? You might discover you have royal (2) ... , ;
totlching their face or nose, or they may avoid eye-contact and fddle with a a hereditary title and a coat of anns, a forgotten legacy or even an infamous rCollar Or tie. When People are lylng, they will sometimes exaggerate their mass murderer in the family. You'll be creating atn) (3) ... and valuable re- 1:
1 I
1 6 17')
'
sotlrce to share and a fascinating insight into your own life and times for fu- Income ('lnkAml the money that someone enrnst'ure (4) ... . Before you begin, ask arotmd to see if any of the (5) ... research lleir geo) smb who has the legal right to receive smb's property, moneyhas already been done. Most families have at least one (6) ... h-is 'torian whose t'l' title when thatrcrxç/n diesrecords may be able to get you off to a good (7) ... . Older familv members mercy ('m3:sl) a kind or forgiving attitude towards smbcan give you a srst-hand (8) ... of recent family histoly though r Jmember to parsimony E'pcuslmanl) formal, the fact of being extremely lmwilling(9) ... some tact and always be sensitive to any skeletons and scandals that to spend moneyyou m ay uncover. om cial docum ents such as o1d birth, marriage and death solicitor gso'llslto) a lawyer who prepares legal documents and givescertiscates are an invaluable (10) ... and family photo albums can provide leyal adviceatn) (1 1) ... of information. Postcards and letters also often contain useftzl sultor E'sjurtg) a man who wants to marry a particular womanhistorical snippets and even (12) ... photographs of places and buildings can title gtaltl) a nnme that describes smn's positionprovide additional (13) ... of exploration. Start with an Intemet search of
family nnme. You may come (14) ... a fnmily home page providing a Verbsyourlink to long-lost relations or overseas (15) ... of the family. aCCOrd Eo'ko:dl agree with smth or match smth
! advance (od'vcunsl oneself move forward1. A guide B follow C lead D direct Come tmt ElkAm 'aut ) (here, ofa young D#.$ be oëcially introduced2. A ancestry B lineage c pedigree D descent in upper class society3. A sole B tmique c only D sinele che-onsh E'tferljl love smb or smth very much and want to protect smb/smth4. A offspring B generations C ages D pr Jcenv : Commit (kodmlt) oneself with someone feel or get attached to someone5. A inaugtlral B beginning c introductory D lmit-ial - cultivate ('kaltlvelt) here, make an effort to develop a friendly rela-6. A amatettr B beginner c apprentice D unskilled tionship with smn because you want smth from them7. A beginning B initiation c start D outset despise (dl'spalzq dislike and have no respect for smb/smth
': 8. A way ' B access c account D entrance flatter ('flœtoq oneself choose or believe smth good about yourself and9. A exercise B have c apply o practice your abilities I1 l0
. A fotmt B origin c root o sottrce Inspire Eln'spala) give smb the desire, con:dence to do smth1.
i 11. A wealth B abtmdance C profusion D riclmess nag gnagl keep complaining about someone's behaviottr or ask some-' 12. A indistinguishable B obscttre C llnknown D nameless one to do smth in a very annoying way
13. A cottrses B passages c avenues D ways outstrip (aut'strlp) do smth better than smn else iil 14 A arotmd B to c across D through propose gprodpauz) to smb ask smn to many smn15
. A branches B portions C sections D parts revolt grl'vzult) against refuse to accept smn's authority or obey nllesifke E'sekrlfals) stop doing smth you like in order to get smth(From ''GoldExam Maximiser'' by sally sxrgex
-v with RichardAcklam) Sacrmore importânt
; j, b tjje ex-sneer (snlo) show that you have no respect for smb/smt yPART 11 Pression of your face or by the way you speak
t yield Ljirldl stop resisting smb/smthLESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING Adjectives
amusing (o'mju:zlp) fllnny and entertaining i1. Reading and Cpmprehensipn Tasks dazzling ('dazllp) extremely beautiful l
exasperated glg'zasporeltld) exkemely annoyed, especially if you1. The fnllnwinj wnrds are essential fnr understanding and discussing the main can't do anything to improve the situationideas nf the text Learn the meaning and prcnunciaticn cf these wnrds
. : expuisite (ek'skwlzlt) exkemely beautiful and delicately made liAblla.ç Glr Efeo) here justd tf lOS1 tending to Work hard IAffability g œfalbllatl) a state of being pleasant
, friendly and easy to L'ZIIQ to iDdustritms Eln ASl
.
. j1918 j
k!i- !
. l' emz telklpl caref'ul and thorough l(' do something which his sensitiveness revolted against she had only to
painstaking ( p ,'Jru:d) good atjudging what people or situations are really like give him no peace and evenmally, exhausted, he would yield. On her sideshrewd g b'dju:d) unusually quiet slle set herself to cultivate the people who might be useful.subdued (so :Ivegosj a woman who has a lot of energy and a happy ln twenty-fve years Mrs. Garstin never invited anyone to dine at hervivacions gvI ' llotlse because she liked him
. She gave large dinner parties at regular inter-attractive m anner vëyls. But parsimony was as strong in her as ambition. She hated to spendAdverbs u r 1 Illtmey. She flattered herself that she could make as much show as anyonecordially g'ko:dlollq in a friendly but polite anu zorma, way jse at half the price. )etartly ('tc:t1I) sharply and unkindly : Bernard Garstin had a fair though not a large practice. Men who had ' i
llcen called after him had long outstripped him. It was unlikely now that2 Practise the prenunciatinn of these proper and çecjraphical names. jierrlard Garstin would ever be made a judge of the High Court. He had al-
'ba:nod 'gœstln) Walter Fane ('wo:lto 'feln) ways been silent at home. His daughters had never looked upon him as any-Bernard Garstin (' dlon sllvlljanq Hong Kong E'hop 'kop) thing but a source of income'. it had always seemed perfectly namral that helndian Civilian ( In , , jyould uad a dog's life in order to provide them with boazd and lodging,GeoGey Dennison ('dsefrl 'denlson) Liverpool E llvapu:l) shern Circuit g'noröon 'sa:kltq Clothes, holidays and money for odds and ends. It never occuzred to them to 'Nort Ilsk themselves what were the feelings of the subdued little man who went
ian cr Belarusian è t'ut early in the morning and came home at night only in time to dress for3. Guess the meaning cf the fnllnwing wcrds and try tn find Russ (linner. He was a stranger to them, but because he was their father they took
wnrds related tn them. E,. it for granted that he should love and cherish them. (
'bIJx) domestic (dolmestlk) It was on her daughters that Mrs. Garstin set her hopes. By arrangingambition Eœm'bœronetsl) panic ('pœnlk) ood marriages for them she expected to make up for a1l the disappoint- Ibaronetcy ( , o . n g
fidence g'konfldans) Perfect ( paJnlûtj Il3ents of her career. There were two, Kitty and Doris. Doris gave no signcon'kaltl velt) standard E'stœndod) ()1' good looks, her nose was too long and her fgure was lumpy, so that 'cultivate ( , Mrs. Garstin could hope no more for her than that she should marry a
4. Read !he text and d: the tasks that fcllnw. young man who was well off in a suitable profession. But Kitty was abeauty. She gave promise of being so when she was still a child, for she ;
.é-n'l CVJU anjotjea??oîn Sfr llad large, dark eyes, liquid and vivacious, brown, curling hair in which ;!there was a reddish tint, exquisite teeth and a lovely skin. Her feattzresrs. Garstin was a hard, cruel, managing, . would never be very good
, for her chin was too square and her nose,(V;'''' )tlrë@) 71771. $7. t1l'.ë è@17hè'. ).r7(p/llhV*#1tXt) 2/q)l!)l1lll-'-' i?l)))))2pll1l!!!!l'-' M-''!l)!'!:)!)@jpi!iIplp:,)è,))g1,k:ti!Igi()ë)((()EE(),E()t.tt)tI(;è)rEl@)p2ö)i()ijyjyj4y):!i!)y$E bqqhjjLjj, ambitious, parsimonious and Stupid w0- t jough not so long as Doris's, too big. Her beauty depended a good deal on ;
jjjr $. k). jlj jj. ç. (.j.d:, , , (',.,gE'ry':'j' ' E ).'.'f 5:.; ' ;.: :':'y:yyjk, .: y. 'j:'j:, jtji. ':J ': (: 'j((Jjy, ):(E:jjyE:j.f' (tj' gjjjr.. gjjjjjj. jjyg;jj gjjj!. ggjjj, jjj;j jjrg;jj ,,,, .',è',) ) , '@ E yljtt'j ,. .)L , lklyEqEi.ëhp..,jpjyggëtljilëy.'..rttyjjëjjylrjrtrëj man. she was the daughter, one o ve, llcr youth, and Mrs. Garstin realized that she must marry in the first llush ;t't? ,1 ,. ' ' ëq'tèi', ,f ig ,tt1l)'!'r ,yyy,yryj::yy,ltj,j,yjjyyyjj yuktor in uvepool, and Bemard Garstin had met g her maidenhood. 'When she came out she was dazzling'. her skin wasjjji, ( ! ,2 y.):px:tt j, tq :(?y, ,.,! yyyyrry jjjyyy jj yxyy jx was on the xorthern circuit. He had t'i,! E t ej j; jE(
y .yIy., ,.yyjyj,y er w still her greatest beauty, but her eyes with their long lashes were so starry: : lChl). l.(.bj,j)-.-î txyyt,y,,l, j, j yjtj jjer s. ayytj yet so melting that it gave you a catch at the heart to look into them.VfV'' ; ' is, lyjjyjty) yyigs, seemed then a young man of prom se aè.E : '. ' . ' '
j,g:. (12)62 ))j)'(ëj:t'j(jj. t gj.-jE@jjyE..!). .Ek k. : y) y j .j t. yj, , ;t.?.pk; 'y'.t,rrlx.,t#)è kt 3 !ki.,$,i!.k ). tp y ther said he would go far. He hadn t. He was she had a charming gaiety and the desire to please. Her mother dreamed 1' ,, ''rk.t ''ik' 'itt,,./'*tt ,r, .),./,),?, ,t)/.'.t ainstaking, industrious, and capable, but he had Clmutious dreams; it was not a good marriage she aimed at fbr her daugh-..' ' -E .(. !E. ,.t.ii)i.t!?j.q(,--t--ti .$Lfqïï?ï' .-: .-.,.r -: . . .j ., . qjë::jl
t q '''''>'( LLklt+.' ' '.kEq,,iG) ytitjyyj jjljjylj r jjy to advance himself. (Ml-s. Gastin de- ter, but a brilliant one. '. . ... . ,. , ,
.t- y ... ;:: ,. . tt)j;-. -0.,. .,.,,y;-. .)y .rtp!EE. -. -j ëEàEi : . . , Er ,, . ..g yy, ,, glyjk 422)j ,lr gtrgly,ks 4: ,!(;jj?,ùplljô *).L)L)ï, -'''),))q,?r'-t;-'#':)$ .$' 't.;''''fl )'''''!''''p-t ki spised him. But she recognized, thoug,h with bit- Ititty had been brought up with the knowledge that she was going to be a i'' jqzèl - -. ''-ë) -3qL)(-1kb,-ï' (j .E r $,. . jyyy, gjj . . .,.;b'.,kqtqjLLL'. . ( . -é ;-.L..Lk;L(L4. ty-.qyl)2-- 'EETIIEtjt IE ('lltliI's ,.qi y , ë,jp'l
jy,,i.j temess, that she could only achieve success beautiftll woman and she more than suspected her mother's ambition. lt ac- Iô.t jg:.. :. ,/: 4,;: . L:. j ::j j ;;jjjgj .gjg. yjyy:.j:E;j.j4t. .E l , , E . . , j'ëi! q' igt. y,)),,;. .,),y:). ,..y,, tljjlyq ,irjtk tluough him, and she set herself to drive him on rorded with her own desires. Kitty was a success. She was amusing as wellp! V ,.' ) )',)'('(y' ,
''
tIr'ti;j,t');# ) ,ti'pi.tsgy/)#o.. jw desired to go. she nagged him with- :ts beautiful, and very soon she had a dozen men in love with her. But none IE
i .?,,y,p, , . t, k), . q ,,,s., ,-t..sk .,),, yjao wav s,, êl.''k ' #),)):' 27)) 2(.jj:y'i(qyj/j.j.ylIij'jà)k( i,') >,,,,.,p,it?j,; p -ut -m 'ercy. she discovered that if she wanted him was suitable, and Kitty, charming and friendly with all, took care to commit ':i(..'.:. .. ' .. : ; kj- . f-,-ry...p((jydôk' y - ( . . E ;à., g , ,,. ,:j . j ,j,, ,, gr..- -- - r- -j---.-.-,,-è ( . r .E: ((: .:.:gJ:! E! . ,
' !20 21 I
. . . .1 1
k I
herself with none. W hen they proposed to her, as none failed to do, she re-fused them with tact but decision.
Her lirst season passed without the perfect suitor presenting himself,and the second also; but she was yotmg and could afford to wait. M rs.Garstin told her friends that she thought it a pity for a girl to marry till shewas twentp one. But a third year passed and then a fourth. Two or three ofher old admirers proposed again, but they were still penniless', one or twoboys younger than herself proposed; a retired Indian Civilian did the same:he was ffty-three. Kitty still danced a great deal, she was thoroughly enjoy-ing herself; but still no one whose position and income were satisfactoryasked her to marzy him. Mrs. Garstin began to grow uneasy. She noticedthat Kitty was beginning to attract men of forty and over. She reminded herthat she would not be any longer so pretty in a year or two and that younggirls were coming out a11 the time. Mrs. Garstin did not mince her words inthe domestic circle and she warned her daughter tartly that she would missher m arket.
Kitty shrugged her shoulders. She thought herself as pretty as ever, pret-tier perhaps, for she had plenty of time. If she wanted to marry just to bemarried there were a dozen boys who would jump at the chance. Sttrely theright man would come along sooner or later. But Mrs. Garstin judged thesituation more shrewdly: with anger in her heart for the beautiful daughterwho had missed her chances she set her standard a little lower. She turnedback to the professional class at which she had sneered in her pride andlooked about for a yotmg lawyer or a businessman whose f'uttzre inspired herwith confdence.
Kitty reached the age of twenty-fve and was still unmarried. M rs.Garstin was exasperated. She asked her how much longer she expected herfather to support her. lt never stnzck Mrs. Garstin that perhaps her own hardafrability had frightened the men, sons of wealthy fathers or heirs to a title,whose visits she had too cordially encouraged. She put down Kitty's faillzreto stupidity. Then Doris came out. She had a long nose still, and a poor fig-tlre, and she danced badly. ln her frst season she became engaged to Geof-frey Dennison. He was the only son of a prosperous surgeon who had beengiven a baronetcy dming the war.
Kitty's heart sank. Doris, at eighteen, was m aking quite a suitable m ar-riage, and she was twenty-fve and single. Supposing she didn't marry at all?That season the only person who proposed to her was a boy of twenty whowas still at Oxford: she couldn't marry a boy five years younger than herself.M other would be horrible now, and Doris, Doris who had always been sacri-ficed because she, Kitty, was expected to m ake the brilliant match, wouldnot fail to crow over her.
22
5.
Kitty in a panic manied W alter Fane, a permiless yotmg doctor who tookjtk'l t() Hong Kong.
(From ''The Painted Veil'' by WgkMaugham)
Give evidence frnm the text tc prnve cr disirnve the fnllnwing slatements.
l . Mrs. Garstin had married Bernard Garstin against her father's will.2. Mrs. Garstin had dominated her husband throughout a11 their married life.1. Mrs Garstin had expected her husband to make a brilliant career.4. Mr Garstin was committed to his family duties.5. Mr Garstin's daughters treated him with due consideration and respect.f). Mrs Garstin loved company and had always attracted people by her gener-osity and friendliness.
7. Mrs Garstin had never had any doubts about her elder daughter's brilliantfuture.
8. Mrs Garstin's plans concerning her daughters' marriages took an tmpre-dictable t'urn.
II. Text Features and Languaje Fccus
W. Expressiveness in Fiction
Expressiveness as afeature ofthe language ofjction is achieve4 apart#om devices ofimagety (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, etc), by anabundance of idioms, Le. word collocations the meaning of which isojten not apparent and cannot be simply deducedkom the meanings oftheir componentparts.
* M atch the idiom s on the left with their definitions on the right.
crow over smb
jllmp at the chancelead a dog's lifemiss one's market
you suddenly feel sad or disappointed about smthsmall things of various kinds without much valuefail to use an opportunityhave an unhappy life f'ull of tmfair treatment
odds and ends express delight in the defeat of someonetake smth for granted use an opporttmity easilyyotlr heart sinks believe that smth will happen or be there whenever
you need it
23
B. Reinforcing Vocabulary1. Arrange the aëjettives used tn destribe penple in lhe lextintc jrcups relerrinj ta:
a) appearancefigure eyes nose chin hair skin
lumpy starry long square brown lovely
b) character and ability industrious
c) social standing prosperous
blmpy, penniless, suitable, cruel, pretty, hard, long, well off, liquid,smpid, vivacious, managing, curling, exquisite, ambitious, reddish,parsimonious, lovely, brilliant, painstaking, dazzling, industrious,capable, fair, square, starry, melting, charming, amusing, fziendly,
poor, beautiful, dark, big, silent, subdued
2. Lcnk at the wcrds delcw and decide which nf the given meanings are cnrrect inthe text
accordcalldriveevenmallyfairminceoutstriprecognizestrike
2. .
4.
a) agreea) start a careera) travela) in the enda) decenta) chewa) overtakea) admita) occtzr
b) contradictb) inviteb) forceb) suddenlyb) lightb) cutb) exceedb) identifyb) surprise
c) providec) namec) takec) occasionallyc) justc) utterc) revealc) find outc) upset
Gn thrnujh the text and tnmplete the wnrd-ccmbinatinns ejuivalent in meaninjtn the fnllnwinj Russian phrases. Ccmment nn the similarlty nf the meaninj inEnglish and Rtlssian. Recall the ccntezls in which these ward-combinalians areused in the textBo3JIaraTb HailellWlxl . . . hopes . . .He IIPOSBJISTB IIPH3HaKOB . . . Signsaalfelfo IIO;TH . . . farYXBaTMTLCJI 3a. IIIaHC . . . Chancea06HTbc, ycnexa IIYTeM qero-pllf6o . .. successKOMIICHCHPOMTB qT0-JIH60 . .. mW effpllilBHl<y'f'bcs Ilo cllpK6e . . . advanceIlollçan nlleqaMlf . . . ShouldersOIIYCTHTB nllalllfy . . . StandardoueHllBa'rb clllyalmlo . . . SimationrloqyBcTBoBan ce6JI . . . uneasy6e3 IKaJIOCTH . . . mercyMlloroo6emalomlo HCnOBeK .. . manHacllemlHK Tlclypla . . . titleIfpacHBas BHeIIIHOCTL .. . good3a nolmeHbl .. . JZ CeB nallHlçe . . . PanicHCTOHHHK aoxoaa . . . incom eX ecu mas O PTIIJI . . . matchqecT0JIlO6HBbIe Meqn l . . . dreams
Fill in the apprcpfiate bnxes wilh the wnrds frtm the text related tc the cnes in the
chart
Noun Verb Adjective/Adverb
disappoint
cordial
wealth
dazzle
sensitive
penny
fail
ve-b Adjective/wd-e-b ,11- Fnllnw-up ActiviNNoun
hrewd ' * Prepare to give extensive answers to these questions.S
- W hat is more important for a woman: a good career or a good mar-fright riage?
satisfy - Have you ever considered a possibility of maldng a maniage of con-venience?
stupid
thorough LESSON B. PRACTICE TESTS
Test 15. Translate lhe follnwing sentences intn Enjlish usinq the vncabulary cIthe text. Redd the text belcw. F0r questicns (1-5) choose the answer (â-W which yau
think fits best accnrdlnj tn the lext. ,1 ou ue xoven uu x xoMy o6pamavscs aa novomsm, uo lxeua valc aonro'
<< '' ero, qw, , Konqe xo,,lf-, ou ssmpueu 6.m ycmynumb ,1 M uof&r 'ntultula y
uanucaa.s nucsMo csoeMy c'rapowiy apyry, xow pblii aauuMa.q aosonsuosslcoxug noc. y motller always smelled of expensive French perfumes, and she
2 ou uulcoraa ue aaayMslsazfcs o w M, xax Muoro aenaev anx Hero xceua, u didn't cook much. w hen l try to s'lmmarize the basic lessons she jZIMaJI ee aa6o'z.y o ce6e xax u'ro-'ro cavuo rtz#z,gl,aa-y-eztl-eecll. taught me about life, l come up with this:
uppzs ..
3 Oua Gslzla eauucerseuusm pe6euxoM s ceMbe 11 npussllcla K 'roMy, qTo 1. Above all, never be ordinalyBce ee nlo6uzlu u awtexau. 2. The world is a sercely competitive place: Eat faster!
aas- ''Ordinary'' wms the worst insult she could find for anything. l remember4. Y Hero 6smu Icyapsssle Bonocbl yl Helxuax Icoxca, xaK y aesoqlcu, u M ller taking me shopping and the look of scorn with which she would freeze IiMHIIIKH B KJIaCCC HacNeMaallcb #fJ# Nltïf. jlle shop assistants when they suggested that some dress or pair of shoes was
5 OHa 6bIJIa zlyxlttleîi c'ryaeuTxoii Ha ialtyzlbrre're, H poimrreaH conaazaau' ''very popular - we've sold fifty already this week''. That was a11 she needed6oabutue zlaêe.vcthl Ha ee Gyaymylo Kapbepy, Ho oHa Bblmna 3aMy)x M t() hear. 'nolfHocerbm nocBll'rlua ce6JI ceMbe. Kw o ,, she would say
, f<wefre not interested in that. Haven't you got6 OHH qac'ro ccoplullcb, H0 I1ocJ1e Kav oii CCOPBI OH CTaPaJICS Caellan 3 '' something a little more unusual?'' And then the assistant would bring out a11 Isce sorm oxœoe, qTo6bl 3awtaèumb cdoo euny. j trange colours no one else would buy - stuff which would have had to '
t lc s7. OH nolun, HTo Bezl ce6JI rnyno H noqyqcmto6aa cd#ll tleaotKo. ynq, sold ofr cheaply at sale-time at the end of the season but for my mother. jl!
8 Y Hero He 6bIJIo apyroro ucmoMnuKa êtatgfdz KPOMe Pa6OTbl B raaeTe. Antj jater she and l would argue fercely because l wanted to be ordinary as- j.DTHX aeller elBa XMT3JIO Ha nponllmalfMe, OM/IJRI.V JMCWINJI H HCKOTO- tlesperately as my mother wanted to be tmusual. I
tt ' '' h id when l went to the hairdresser with 7pble Meaonu. I can t stand that hair-do (s e sa9 Koraa oHa cHosa Beplfynacb Ha ctlezfy Iloczle 6ollbmoro nepepblBa, OHa jjjy juend and came back with a pageboy haircut straight out of SeventeenHe cMorna èo6umbcx J'cae-vl. Bce HOHHMaJIH, HTo oHa ynycmtlaa frf/' Iuagazine), Hit's so tenibly ordinaly'' Not ugly; not unsuitable. But ordi- 1,spem . llaly. Ordinariness was something you had to do everything possible to
10. OH npunucu<aa cBo; nposa.q co6cerBelllloii rnynocTu. Jlvoid. One way was to repaint and refurnish your house frequently. Actual-11 Hecxonblco aeT Haaaa 40-JIeTHH; aasolca'r cèeaaa eli npebaoolcenue, H0 ly my mother thought that a11 the house designers and painters (as well as IoHa o'rxaaana eMy H npeanoqna ocmambcx aeaa yaltweli. rltlthes designers) in America had organized themselves into a spy ring to ?!
12. Koraa oHa ysHaezla Bcio HMme'ry 11 6eallocn B aoMe cBollx poim'renei, (Iiscover her most recent ideas for houses or dressmaking and suddenly 1ee cepèqe cavarz/ch. lllllke them popular. And it was true that she had a gift for sensing what ,
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d and >. W hat did Isadora feel about her mother's clothes on Parents' Day?ld become fashionable (or did l only imagine this?). She paintewou A Aj-raid
.house in antique gold just before antique gold became the 'f'urnished the s sadlar colour for curtains and camets. Then she protested that everp ' 'most popu c Embarrassed.had Cistolen'' her ideas. 'O11C D Proud.d ink and red towels in the bathroom when pink and red was still 'She ha pidered a MeV Strange Colour-combination. Her fear Of ordinariness came (From ''success at First Cert/cate ')C0nS
trongly in her Clothes.Otlt most Sfftmldn't you Please Wear Something else?'' l pleaded when she was ,j, st 2e
' Day in tight-ftting bulïghter's pants and a bright pinkdressing for Parentster, with a Mexican cape. Bead the text belcw abcut men with strnnj wives. Fnr questinns (1-11) chnnseSWeattw hat's wrong with what l'm wearing?'' ' from the Iist nf men (A-D). Scme nf them may he chcsen mnre lhan cnce.W hat wasn't wrong with it!tqt's just that 1 wish you'd wear something more plain,'' 1 said sheepish- EnilhjTvny Q> / - n ;,
1 Kçsomething that people won't stare at''Y, t- five .4. Mr Queen HctoriaShe looked at me angrily and drew herself up to her f'ull height o
Born in 1819 Prince Albert, the younger son of the Duke of Saxe-co- 5feet ten inches. :vw re you ashamed of yolzr own mother? Because if you are, lsadora,
, llllrg-Gotha, marned Queen Victoria ln 1840 and became her private secre-I feel sorry for you. l really do.'' tllry. HiS position as a foreigner in Victoria's court required a great deal of '
tltct from the royal couple and initially he was excluded from state aFairs.f the things that lsadora remembers about her mother is stl()n his political abilities and social skills began to show and eventually he1
. One o IA. the food she cooked. lklllnd that he was advising his wife on most aspects of her political duties. /
h d 'l'lkc renowned Great Exhibition was held at his suggestion in 1851. It wasn'tB. the perfume s e use .C. the way she ate. lllltil after his death in 1861, that his contribution to the arts, science and:
:D. the magazines she read. stpcial welfare of Bntain was recognised. The Queen remained in mourning ,'s mother to want? li'l' the rest of her life.2 W hat did the shop assistants expect lsadora
A Something really mmsual. It xg catherine the Great li* gB. Styles they had sold out of. , 11Pity poor Peter 111. In marrying the German Princess Sophia AugustaC. Clothes that were cheap. vll11 Alzhalt-zerbst (Catherine l1) the successor to the Tsarina Elizabeth bitD. The most popular clothes. .. 2t1f l more than he could chew. H1s frst act after coronation in 1762 was to
3 W hen lsadora had her hair cut in a pageboy hairstyle her mother jrttàr.n to Frederick the Great a11 the Prussian provinces conquered by RussiaA. was very angry. iltlring the Seven Years War. Unsurprisingly the military was unimpressedB. disliked it. jllld he was killed in a coup led by his wife and her lover Count Orlov. Cath- J
i ' bsequent love afl-airs with different omcers and politicians were IC. told her to change it. el ne s su j1
4D. thought it was childish. witlely publicised, although it is said she was devoted to Peter in the early I
, ther ' Yeltrs of their marriage. '4 As far as fashion and house-fumishing were concerned, lsadora s mo jbelieved that t : M r celine Dion IA. professional designers wanted to copy her ideas. IW hen the parents of lz-year-old Canadian singer Celine Dion sent pro-B. highly fashionable things were best. kons m anager M r Angelil a dem o tape
, he liked it so much he cried.$l1()tC. she would never be in fashion. j'jjeja
, much to his first wife's annoyance, he mortgaged the family home to JD gold and pink and red were a good colour combination. :
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d had seven French- tdlkllL1J Eln Teaching as a Careef Eher debut albllm . By the age of 18, Dion hafinancebefore Angelil paid for English lessons to help herspeaking hit albums,he major pop markets. Then it was time to get her j jw can jwver tell wheremake an impression on t ,: ; A teacher affects etem ty,lose some weight to squeeze into a11 those cute zlt- us jnjuence stopsteeth fixed and for her tothe new Mrs Angelil, 26 years his junior, and thet1e Chanel numbers. Enter Henr
.v prooks Adamsmost successful singer in the world.
i D. Mr Liz Taylor Fl'f PART I' h marriage of former tnzck driver Larry Fortensky to ElizabethT
e: 1 never had much chance of success. However, the couple was opti- gEssoN A
. INTENSIVE REABINGTay or' h r seventh husband
, even signed a prenuptial agree-mistic
. Fortunatey e) hich left lum very little in the case ordivorce. According to insid- j neajing and cnmprehensinn Tasksy ment w .
' it wasn't Taylor who caused the breakdown of their four-year mar-I llge but Fortensky who went out on the town while his wife was recover- ' 1. n e fcljcwing wnrds are essential fnr understanding and discussing the mainrl i. m a hip-replacement operation. consequently: the mano ge was ideas cj the textLearn the meaninq and prcnunciatinn cf these wcrds.ing ro
E: Oh and about that prenup: he attempted to have lt overtunwd to sue Iover. , Nounso r 3 million pounds. hauenge g't-falcndsj a new or dimcult task that tests smb's abilityc
From z'Fjrxçf Certscate First '' by Sophie Kingsley) d strength( ZZfellowship ('felcujkpl an award of money to a graduate student to con-
w hich husband: tinue their studies or do research !Inudge gnads) a slight push
1 A eventually took the role of iv uencing his wife? pace gpels) the speed at which smth happens Iromotion Epra'mouj'anq a move to a more imgortantjob or rankp
2 was much older than his wife? reqection lrl'flek-fanl careful thought, idea, oplnionresearch ErI'sa:tJ) serious sttzdy of a subject to discover new facts
3 was of a much lower social stattzs than his wife? u gspa:k) a very small bllrning piece, a small flash of light 'spar
4 caused great sorrow to his wife when he died? Verbsdemn (kon'dem) express very strong disapproval of smth/smbcon
5 did not sund by his wife when she needed it? germinate ('dsa:mlneltq start to growswitch ('swltjl to smth change or make smth change from one thing I
6 was mtlrdered by his wife? to another
Adjectives7 had a devoted wife? ; .convinced (kon vlnstl certain that smth is tnze,
is wife improve her looks? major ('meldsz) important or very large.g lwlped h
1r' 9 was not happily married to his wifk? 2. Learn the prcnuncialinn cf the fcllnwing prcper names.t - - l
' b iving her money? George (d5o:d5) Vicky ( vlkll10 helped his wife s career y g Itj urhg uaward glhc:vzdjJulie E 5ic origins? Peter Beidler E'pi:to 'beldlo) !11 was of aristocrat
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3 Cnmpare lhe prnnunciatinn nI the fnllnwing internaticnal wnrds with their Rus- ' I teach because I like to lenrn. One of the major discoveries of my pro-
sian equivalents. jrssitlnal life is that l teach best not what I knoW, but what l want to leanz.w llen l wanted to know more about the role of the Indian culhlre in Am eri-academic gIœko'demlk) doctoral g'doktxgl) the subject, taking students with me on a' trelta) joldrnal g'dsa:nolj $''1'1 literatlzre, l taught a course onadministrator gad mlms
'b ldouzol mechanic gml'kœnlkj ' 1'''tl' Of discovery.bulldozer g u (j to 'I ' I teach because teaching gives me many nectars to tgste, many woo scalendar ( kœlondo) nectar g nekta) , jej. and uave, many :ne books to read, and many ivory towers and real-dissertation ( dlsoitegan) poet ('paulq ' ''' wd'l Id experiences to discover. Teaching gives me pace and variety and chal- I
lk.ltp,e and the opporttmity to keepxon lenrning. !JJ 9 ZOCJ I have not mentioned the most important reasons why l teach. 'il tudent Vicky was an energetic yotmg
. . d . . ,,,. .4.:) h do I teach? A fkiend asked me the . w t,1)MC 'S Vicky. My first doctora s ,i:)')r ' h,t q,t.i.yg, tiytqljjijti. r,.,ti.; ,.,t .( ()))!)); ,jjljigjgjikqy y y jjo worked at a dissertation on à little-known 14-th centtlry poet. '.' . ': Ig .j . : . . . . . j ; . , .;. . r ..,. . L, :jq:j1:y:,I(jy.:::: :: E f1 (j: àyt.tjiijj.).j .jj( Eyty: rjj j 1:411. qlrr!ls ,1i;;1i/p'
gy .jj .,.gjj .jj,yj, .jyrygjy:,, yjys j..L-;;ù- .,. ; tj sljjjyjjyttu question when 1 told him I didn t A yltj while still in paduate school she wrote artlcles anu sent tuem ou Koli # ',.,, E want a tmiversity administrative position. He lk.rll.lled journals. she did it a11 herself, with only an occasional smile or
,) *;' was puzzled that I did not want to tgstep up'' I e t-rom me. But I was there when she fnished her dissertation, when she'rq . '( . . ..- .E! q . '.' . ;,,, , Eg . l 1; Ik l dL. 1q(4;'' b''. ; toward money and power. ' t word that the articles w ere accepted
, when she handed a job and won ax' ' E .;;; . . !,, jjgrj dk ),. . . :. tsk,E:jEE.:E::::E.:!':EëkE:k : . . . ' . ., ' $ ;':'' !ji' $ ,y. , ,v One thing is certain - I don t teach be- 4 tt.llowship to spend a year at Harvard working on a book developing ideas I
-.' r?t: hiE )k v cause teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the sjle had germinated as my sttzdent.'''iîiï'ù't . t dimcult of all the ways I have attempt- . There is Julie. Her kids were growing up and she wanted to sit in one of my
q! '' -' ed to earn my living: bulldozer mechanic, t.l:tsses to see if she wms college material. I was there when she came in, weep-! carpentery. um versity administrator, writer. illg. to apologize because she knew she had failed her first test, even though she '
! For m e, it's a red-eye, sweaty-palm , sinking- Il:1d studied for two weeks. It does not matter that I later told her she had gotteni stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach, no m atter ! 1, I ) or that on the next test she got a B. lt does not m atter that in the end sher
?i how late at night I stay up to prepare. Sweatppalm, because 1 nm always (leclded against college after all. lt does matter that I was there when she asked. !û nervous before I enter a classroom, sttre that I will be found out for the fool ' There is George
, who started out in engineering, then switched to Eng-@ l nm sinking-stomach, because I usually walk out an hour later convinced lish because he decided he liked people better than things. He stayed for aj ' @'
j' that I was even more boring than usual. Illaster's degree and now teaches high-school English. EE! W hy, then, do l teach? These are the real reasons why l teach these people who grow and ''jI l teach because 1 like the pace of the academic calendar. Jtme, July and t'llange in my presence. Being a teacher is being there, being present at the
j tugust allow me to mix reiection, research and writing, a11 inyredients in ' t. l eatioqy , gomheontjtohueyjloauyt boeygtienasotuoysbgrewathej.a gjve me money and power. But ' ;y recipe for teaching. It is not that sllmmers are less effort. It ls that they A p 9ul are diflkrent eflbrt. I Itlready get paid for doing the things l enjoy most: reading books, talking1
1 teach because teaching is built on change. Even when the material with people, making discoveries and asking questions.l teach is the same, I change, and, more important, my students change. And l already have power to nudge, to fan sparks, to ask troubling ques- ii
1 teach because I like the freedom to make my own m istakes, to leam 1 it'ns, to praise an attempted answer, to condemn hiding from the truth, tomy 0wn lessons, to stimulate myself and m y students. As a teacher, I am my slltsgest books, to point out a path. W hat other power matters?0Wn boss. lf, as in a recent semester, I want freshmen to learn how to write Teaching also ofrers something else: it offers love. Not only the love of ';by Putting together their own textbook, well, who is to say I may not? The lellrning and of books and ideas, but also the love a teachér feels for that rarecourse may be a colossal failure, but we can learn from colossal failures. Sttldent who walks into the life of a teacher and begins to breathe.
II teach because I like to ask questions, questions that students must 1 teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I oc- .
stzuggle to answer. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. ' t'ilsionally lind m yself catching my breath with them . '
Teaching, I som etimes brtzsh up against good questions. '
(From ''Reaaer 's Digest')E j( :
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4 Give evidence frcm the text tn prcve nr disprcve the fcllnwing statemenls. ' latter includes.. a) compound words, mainly atliectives, some ofwhich* ,
be found in a dictionary as f/lc!y are Gcreated'' by the authorwill not1. Teaching was not the firstjob for Peter Beidler. .ltimself to express his idea vividly and precisely, eg. a) '1*'dJ/.F-#J'Rl,2. peter is very selfcritical.
,, tapyorg' b) repeated inverted ctm-vfrlzc/itm3', e'g' f<A'tM do I teach ; 0 me3. He is a very independent person.
hes English to University smdents. t'al aëective + noun collocations. eg. an fv/r.p tower and idiomatic ex-4. Peter teac5. He likes to teach new courses. llressiol'ls, eg. college material.6. He supervised Vicky's doctoral dissertation at Harvard.
i ter's degree in English. :7. George got h s maslf for letting Julie leave college. ' * Go over the text and pick out examples of the given three types of8. Peter blames himse
id for talking with people, reading books, making discover- expressive vocabulary. Think of your own sentences with these9. Peter gets paies and asking questions. ' words.
10. Peter wouldn't give up teaching even if he were offered ahigher position.
11. A teacher's job resembles the work of a sculptor. tt Reinforcing F/cc:lf/sr.p5. Read the text again fccussing cn mcre detail sn as ta answerthese questicns. . 1. Match the uefiniticns cn the rightwit: the ihrasal yerbs cn the Ieft
k1. W hy was Peter Beidler asked the reason for his having chosen the career . keep on doing walk forward to a higher level
f a teacher? brush up begin one's Professional lifeO2. Why does he fnd teaching the most diëcult job of all? stay up continue to do smth3. W hat was Vicky's dissertation on? start out form a lmity4. W hy was Julie weeping when she came in? decide against improve by smdy5. W hy did George decide to give up engineering? walk out not to go to bed
nOt to Ch00Se Smtistep up6 Reread the text and identify the ke# sentences in each paragraph. B# dninj this t together leave, Pu
nu will sum ll; the reascns and arguments the authcr jives fcr teachinj. jut out show ,Y po
2. Match the wnrds frnm the twn cnlumns tn make ccrrecl cnllncatinns frnm the textIl. Text Features and Lanquaqe Fncus jRecall the tcntexls in which these cnllncatinns are use . .W. Evaluating the S/J'/d and the Language #./'/1ld Tat b Adjective, noun + nouna
. Verb + noun .- il a B / a D college Poet(a
The title ofthe text is a clear indication ofits topic andsubject-matter as fan discoveries high school discoverywell as the kind ofproblems it is concerned with. ke a course academic lifelna
Some ofthe specscfeatures ofthe text 'also emergefrom the title and jaand an idea leamed English. h text is written as ahrstperson narration and is ilttre little-known jollrnalstheformat ofthe fcx/. / e teach a fa
laid out tzx an anawcr to the underlying question Gl'#W# doyou teach?'' On k major materialjinish spar sthe whole, the text is written in a literary N/ylc. At the same time the v0- ' in a felldwship professional sttzdentWbulary ofthe text varies from stylistically Flcl/frtz/ tmd conversational . jevelop a test real quçstionsctz t
toformal and Jo./'/y words such as, eg. condemn, ##Z&G tmdfrom emo- ' be dissertation troubling experiencetionally neutral words to vcr.p expressive and colourful A/t/I?JAN/JO?. The et a job rari calendar
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; 3. Replace the italicized wpl'ds ln lhe Ipllowing senlences by their equlvalents ll'am 11 Fcjlcw-up âctjvitythe text
i * Do you agree with Peter Beidler about the challenges and rewards,'j 1. what she liked about her job was workingfor herselfand making her f tjje teaching profession? Share your views on the problem.o1 own decisions..Jj 2. We were surprised to see such extremelk big watermelons growing in myi.j Gfanny's garden. LESSON B. PRACTICE TESTjL 3: She fotmd the cotmtryside she was driving across as fascinating as the sjx jarajraphs hgve heen remcved frcm the adicle delow
. Fcr the numberedt1 tains or the sea. As she stopped her car to enjoy it an idea for a new arts (1-M chncse which nf lhe parajraghs (A-G) fits hest There is cne exlrai mount . pnovel began to grow tn her mind. yaragraih pu dc nct need tn use.
4. He was considered to be a strict parent combining fatherly love with finn :discipline. , JPJ Qo & J)*& > V.
5. Very often many people move from one city to another in search for better ,jobs and career advancement. hat babies and toddlers know and when they know it are questions
6. My friend said she had got fed up with the dull routine of washing and that have long fascinated parents, for whom nearly everything a babycooking for her big family. (l( ,es seems fraught with meaning. They wonder whether that iedgling at-
7. l didn't accept thelr offkr at once because l was scared oftaking responsi- tttlllpt at speech or that earnest imitation of daddy's fimny face means theirbility. , l'llby actually tmderstands more than the childcare handbooks say.
4. Translate the Inllcwinj senlences using the vocabnlary cf the text l l .1. M zlorHe er0 apyabx ueèoyMetavrtu, noqeMy OH o'rxaaallcx OT M MMHH- . Scientists nOW believe that newborns Only a few hours o1d can distin-CTPaTHBHOFO n0CTa. OHM CHHTWIH, IITO M MHHHCTPaTHBHM JIO.1IXI- hltlish the human face. Even these tiny babies seem to prefer looking at pic-HOcTb - CmynelebKa Jde#.Y K JlellbraM H BJIRCTH. C'IIYS 0f facesswith their features in proper alignmeùt. Twelve hours after
llirth, infants can pick out their mother's voice from other voices, possibly2. M He HpaBHercll D'ra pa6oTa, noeroMy qTo yl ca.M ce6e xoaaun. JI Mory co-' ûcmtenRble f'W#ZA'# TI YHMTbCS Ha HMX. IICCK SC that's the one they heard most in utero. By 5 months they may beeepm amb r//zz co ggawae va caoùo. ' 1ll'le to add and Subtract small nttmbers in their heads. And at 6 months they
3. Yqellsle Hac'ro He 3Hal0T Peallblloro MHPa H AKHBYT B . jt tjwy want.z, :
;l1 0 Capable Of manipulating a computer to get the resueolï Kocmu .
4. MBI ynukc.n He Tonbxo Ha rlo6eaax, Ho 11 na olzlorfm -j ., .5. OH .u10611/ omxpueamb #.rIJz re6x zz-pe. H xoraa ozl HMTaJI xypc no H0- .
BoMy npeaMe'ly, ouyeaeKtvt 3a rtgtlll c'ryaeueroB na tltlptlzy omKpumuû. Take the question of how well babies remember things. Until redently,6. Hlloraa MHe Icaxerrcyl, qTo BMecTe c HHMH .$I omKpblqam lft-yx cmpanu- tllt, views of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget prevailed. He believed that un-14.1, Jlculmu. tiI their second birthday babies' senses were too uncoordinated for them to
7 Kom a oHa nonyquaa uaeecmue, HTo y aoqepM poam c, csm, oHa oqezls '' tlevelop memories. That meant they coulcln't picture their absent mothers,.
. jjey woujdst ;o6paaosauacs. 1('1' example; or if they saw someone hide a toy under a pillow t j!
8 HHoraa npoèeuolcenue no czl-wzcJe npHxoau'r Ic TeM, K'ro MeHsttle Bcero ' lfpt'k for it because for them it would no longer exist. j'ero oem ae'r. I . i
9. OH c.qHlllxoM Hel7elllH'replbllbllii, HTO6b1 Haqa'Tb HTO-TO HOBOe. Bce, HTO j .LeMy Hy-llo, 3'r0 He6onbttloii moanoK co c'ropbHbl. Aju babies' long-term m em oly too, is better than conventional wisdom
10. #eTH .11106ST nepeKamqambc.a c oaHoro BHaa aerezlbHoc'ru Ha apyroi. jjjys held. Psychologist Nancy Myers placed a group of lo-month-olds in a
11 Huoraa Hplœo HMeTI> MpxecTBo, qT061,1 omKpumo lc-pêllzp: Heaoceroii- tjrtrk room with objects that emitted different noises; she then used special /1HOe ntmellelll'le apyra. (.zyjueras to lilm their individual reactions. Tw0 years later, Dr M yers repeat- C
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Cd tbC Cxperiment. testing the original group as well as a control group who .
I1. Not only is that understanding possible, say researchers, it is likely. The' had never been in the room . 'The original group wasn't frightened of the dark , View, dominant for centttries, that babies are capable of only limited in-
OOm,' TXPOXS Dr Myers, Ynd they reached for objects with greater alacrity ' teI lectual activity has been largely discredited by a spate of recent sttzd-than those Who hadn't seen them before. The reason? Dr M yers says the frst 2 ies. The new thinking is that infants possess an array of skills far moreU OUP rem em bered their experiences. sophisticated than adults ever dreamed possible.
( '. It doesn't take formal teaching to develop children's intellecmal abilities.4 ' l fyou Pay attention to their progress through the early stages and can be
the kind of parent who changes as they doy' says child psychiatrist Stan-A group of s-month-old babies were shown one Mickey M ouse doll
, Iey Greenspan, eyou will be promoting a wiser and happier child.' Here'swhich was then placed behind the screen; next
, they were shown another what Dr Greenspan has fotmd works best.Mickey M. ouse doll, which was placed behind the screen as well. When the I3. Perhaps the most startling information about infants' abilities is the new
screen was removed, it sometimes revealed the correct number of Mickey evidence suggesting that they can do simple arithmetic. ln her research,
Mouses - two - and sometimes an incorrect number of dolls, such as one Karen W ynn, a psycholpgist, relied on a well-known phenomenon: in-doll plus one doll to equal two dolls. r fants, like adults, look'lönger at new or unexpected events than at routine
i or familiar ones. ln this way they reveal what they expect (or know).5 l 1.:
. These skills aren't limited to gifted babies; every normal baby has a1-Ways been naturally capable of surprising intellectual feats. NowadaysIn her study, babies listened to a number of vowel-consonant combina- adults are better at fnding out how to measure what infants can do.tions
, such as ooh, ah, baa and ga. W hen one sound was replaced by a new , j? sut most experts take a dim view of formalised courses for infants, par-one, a toy bear in a box was 1it up and made to dance. Soon the babies looked ' 1 those that claim to teach reading and maths. There isn't a shredticular ytowards the bear every time they heard a sound they didn't racognize
. oj- independent scientifc evidenee that these programmey work.Interestingly, babies ignored subtle variations in their native languages . (;. vet new research indicates that babies do remember and, given the means,(both Swedish and American infants were studied), but registered similar will seek o'ut what they want. ln a recent experim ent, mothers read their1: ri tions in a foreign language as tnew '. They already recognized which i jj jds a rhyme twice a day for two weeks. The babies wereva a 3- to 6-mont -osolmds they would need for speech in their native tongue. then given a fve-minute Etraining' session with specially equipped dum-Can adults enhance a baby s learning? Actually they probably do auto- mies, in which they learned that their sucldng actions caused a computer!j matically
. Experts believe that grammar and speech are facilited through to recite various rhymes. They consistently showed a preference for the'q imotherese' . . . the high-pitched speech that many of us adopt around infants ' tkmiliar rhyme by manipulating the complzter to recite it.. . . because it holds the baby's interest in a way that adult speech does not
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,(From ''GoldExam Maximiser )6
The best teaching tool is the wnrm and loving relationship a parent devel- PABT 11ops with the child. Almost a11 a baby's learning takes place in the context of Jrelating to anotherperson. Through alectionate give-and-take
, babies lenrn - LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABINGand the adults who love them lenrn how nmazing their children really are.
A Other new studies show that long before a child says his first word, he : 1- B02diB1 3B1 00mpr0h0DSi0n TaSkS*
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hears and tmderstands plenty. Research conducted by spiech scientist 1 cc wer the jcjjcwjng jisls cf wcrds and study their definitinns.Patricia Kuhn has shown that an 8-month-old who hears the word iball' -
will look over at a ball in the room . Even 6-m onth-olds can distinguish Nnunsbetween a mlmber of spoken sounds to :nd those that are meaningful
, Dr background ('bœkgraund) events in the past that explain why smthKulm has found. has happened
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idence ('ewdons) facts, objects or signs that make you believe that 2. The Inllnwing wnrds are essential 1nr understanding and discussinq the maineVth exists or is tnle ideas nf the text. Learn the meaning and prnnunciatinn nf these wnrds.SnA
fluency g'fluonsl) ability to speak a language very well Ajljley glabl j a large chttrch where monks and nuns used to live;rehearsal (rllha:sll practising a play or a concert before a public per- xp j ej ltjj:j Armo oomini - a date (a particular mlmber of years afterç IOrm ance .the birth of christ), ,site (salt) a place where smt
.h has happened or is used for smth ,' lendol grand and impressive beauty ' Au-pair (Iou pea ) a young woman who stays with a family in a foreign' splendour ( sp
,'tc:glt) a result that yôu try to achieve ! Cotmtry to lenrn the language and look after the children;target ( I I I . :, ESP (,i es pi ) English for specifc purposes,Verbs . ssc g bilbilisil) British Broadcast Corporation; !conquer ('kopko) take contol of a cotmtry or city and its people by forth rjasynja
lgltefuj teâching English as a foreig,n language.
chat (tfœt) talk informally : ,erect (Ilrektq build smth 'I ' 3. Make sure #nu ktlcw the ircnunciatinn nf these wnrds dennting natinnalities,occur (o ka:) happen, exist or be found somewhere : janjuajes and names nf the cilies
.' h t smth is true !presume (prl zju:m) suppose t asoak (soukl put smth in liquid, become completely wet Bath gbc:oj Oxford ('oksfod)wander ('wonda) walk slowly arotmd or to a place, without any par- ' salisbery (lso:lzblrlq York gjo:kqticular purpose or direction Bournemouth ('bommool Austrian ('o:strlonl 'Aqectives Stockholm E'stokhoum) Scandinavian (,skœndl'nelvlon)accessible Eoklsesoblq smth that can be reached, entered, used Cambridge ('kelmbrldsq Htmgarian (hap'georlon)amateur ('œmoo) not doing smth as yourjob, but only for pleasure :à Stonehenge ('stounhends) Spaniard ('spœnjadl !
'barasq shy, awkward or ashamed especially in an ' Copenhagen (jkaupnlhelganj Japanese gldsœpo'ni:z) iembarrassed (Imawkward situation
, venice ('venls) swede Eswirdq ihostile E'hostalll very tmfriendly or agressive, ready to argue or fght : 'incredible glnlkredlbl) smth that is vely di/cult to believe 4. practise the prnnunciatinn nf the fnllnwing internaticnal wcrds and cnmpare them imedieval (jmedlli:vll connected with the Middle Ages . with their Russian equivalents. !predominant (prl'domlnant) most obvious or noticeable ' , , ireputable ('repjuobl) respected for being honest or for doing good work. authentic (o: oentlk) (adj) nationality (,nœJo nmlltlq (n)royal g'rolol) connected or belonging to the queen or king au-pair (,ou'pea) (n) magnet ('mœgnot) (n)varied ('voarld) consisting or including many different kinds of things commercial (kolma:jblq (adj) maximum (lmœkslmom) (n)
' d) the system for making information availa- company ('kAmpom) (n) organiser ('o:golnalzoj (n) j!,worldwide glwa:ld waI
ble, anywhere in the world dramatics gdro'mœtlksj (n) qualiscation (jkwollfllkel-fan) (n) j:. intrigue glnltrirgl (n)Adverbs
j '.fabulously ( fœbujlosllq extremely well, impressively :ds E'onwodzj forwards 5. Read the texl carefully and dc the tasks that Icllcw. .OnWar
particularly (poltlkjulolll more than usualtIy ('pa:monontll) lasting for a long time, or existing a11 the time SSJJ;V D nâua
-y Fbcv, jrn & fJ ;Permanen
purely ('pjtléll) completely lsingly ('slpgll) alone . This is one of the articles from Nick McLiver's series about people who work in everp
dly (so'pouzodll) according to what is generally thought or day jobs in various parts of Britain. On this occasion he visits Julian Gobdard, a teachersupposebelieved ' Of English to foreign students in Bath, western England.
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rir'l' I llcdieval abbey were designed by two architects and erected within a thirtp,1:!: . ye:tr period. But don't forget that Bath is also a living city - good pubs, one)( q . ? z ' (,l the best centres for shopping in the area.tti.tjkli ' ',) , E ' NM So you're in the business of teaching English to foreign students. Is' 't1#i;;-t))itCg;;#,';(r).k, . ', : ,4,. t'it .# ,$, . --' '.'' j yF 1 lath a particularly' good place to be doing this?/l)'t..''' 'l,.:1!''r1jt)/) . ) ))E. at y'tzj4 Ltb',ey; ktt o ses it iy. TEFL (that's Teaching English as a Foreign Language) is a'- j.) . j- :' - ..... . . ( . jll jl jj j.)>t.,j;.1. . .
è; . . ...-1g . .''.
' . . . . .
' -:1' ,,,,4;.)tj jj , 'j. ii C!): i .. 1t' ''
j .y,y, very big busineds in Britain and most large towns and cities have at least oneb
,,j , ,ft',' )' rtr. l .E
, : ),) ',i Ejjj ,llatnjjguursa.
gve schoot. But certain cities seem to attract foreign students more than
ic , , ( ,. any go to the south coast, Botmzemouth, Brighton and so on - or,.. .) : : i ' :jj! .' x', '
,j, of course, to London, or else to the major tourist centres liké Oxford, Cam-.) ;8. bridge, Salisbuly York and Bath.
NM Can you tell me a little about the school you work at?JG sttre. w e're a fairly small school, at least, we are in the winter -
probably a maximum of fifty students at any one time. But then we get muchath is one of the most beautiful cities in Britain, if not in Europe. lt is bigger in the summer. Then, many of our adult students like to come over toa city with a long histoly The Romans, who conquered much of the, England and learn English while they are on holiday, and we also haveland in the years after 43 AD, soon discovered the hot water springs on the
groups of teenage pupils who come for sttzdy trips. We do have occasionalsite (which they namedAouE SULIS) and, looking for some comfort in this l ,
. groups of teenagers at the times of the year - ln fact, I m teaching a ppup ofcold, hostile and inhospitable island, built their baths here. It was these same 'und , Austrian kids at the moment - but they come mainly in the summers.hot springs which made Bath one of the most fashionable cities in Eng
d The rich and famous: including NM And yotlr adult students - tell me about them. .from the early seventeenth century onwar s.he city to soak themselves m the sup- JO W ell ... a very mixed bag, really. They come 9om a1l over the world,members of the royal fam ily
, came to t riving waters. w ith the rich came their money, and by the but 1 suppose that the predominant nationalities at my school are Scandinavi-posedly health-gld afrord to employ two architects, a father and son called : an, ltalian and Japanese. Some of them are paid to come over by their compa-1750s Bath cou
d to design the fabulously elegant city that has become a magnet for ' nies, Some are living here already - working in local companies, or as au-woo ,urists from al1 over the world. : Pairs. Some students want specialized English - medical, technical, commer-to
I recently went to Bath to meet Julian Goddard, a 35-year-o1d English Cial and so on - and many of the company students want one-to-one classes.language teacher who lives with his wife Jane (also a teacher of English) and l Presllmed that Julian must speak several languages. I asked him if this jItheir young daughter M iranda. I met Juilain for a pot of tea in the world-fa- were the case - and was surprised by the answer. 1mous Pttmp Rooms, built outside the Abbey. JG No..... l don't, actually. I have some French and a little Swedish, but I
NM This is fantastic, isn't it? So much splendotm è: it's not really necessary. .
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ill feel the atmosphere . .. In the eighteenth century ' NM lt's not?JG Yes, you can stsome of the most fashionable people in the land used to come here to the JG No. First, we don't get that many beginners any more. The teaching iPump Rooms. of English in schools worldwide has improved so much that most of our stu-
jAs much as 1 found the whole city amazing, I did notice the visitors, in E dents - even the young ones - have enough of the language to communicate f
groups and singly? wandering aroundjust staring at the buildings. It occurred to a certain extent. And secondly, if you're teaching a class with a couple ofto me that Bath; llke Venice and other beautiful cities, was a little like a mu- '' Swedes, an ltalian, a Spaniard, a Japanese: a Russian and a Htmgarian, thensellm . An incredible place to visit - but wasn't it somewhat depressing to quency in one or two languages isn't golng to be of much use! Anyway,
1 Julian does? i what evidence there is tends to suggest that most students learn more efli-live there permanent y, as
JG W ell, yes, l suppose there is som ething in that. You can understand ciently when studying plzrely in the target language.I
why visitors come - it's not just the beauty of the buildings, it's more the NM Do you arrange anything for your students apart from lessons? ;'' find a . JG Oh yes. M ost reputable language schools have a full social pro- 'htmity of style. M ost great cities grew over hundreds of years and you
mixmre of architectttre. In the centre of Bath, a11 the buildings apart from the ' gramm e. Particularly for the teenagers in the summ ers - we have discos,
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WM 1 SCC. And Wlmt Zbotlt X0tO I'IW C X0t1 tatlght Sllglish fOr long? guage Students than Others.JV WO 1 IAW CIIAt, O111y ablmt SiX yearsy and 1 really fell into it by mis- . /. Not a11 adult stiidents who come over to learn specialized English want
tzkc. YOl1 mZX be SWPZSC/ btlt l USCII to be mallagef Of a Wine ShOP! Then to have classes in a group.i n language in Several Cities abroadt11c SMOP C10Sed d0W11
, l lost my job, and l got temporaly sllmmer work at the 8 . Julian had taught English as a fpre glallgtlage SCh00l here as a soclal organiser - organising the activities for the before he got his present job in Bath.YCIXV WS. 1 WaS SO intrigtlcd by the business that l Went and took a TEFL ' 9. Julian and his wife share the same interests and hobbies.
1 1) Jtllian iS Convinced that SPCW Zg English as much as P0SSib1e is the mostQtlzliécatiolly Spent a year teaching in Stocc olm, one in Copenhagen, a few
, .
DOZt11S ill Z Smzll toWll in ltaly and then came back here to Bath. effective way to get a good command of it.NM SOy Qtlite a Varied background. And What about your Social life here
in Bath? 7. Identify the fealures cr facts that are nnt mentinned in the textJG Oh, there's so much to doy l spend quite a lot of time with my st'u- ' j
dents in the evenings, then there's an excellent theatre, a good night life, and t * W C City Of Bath is amaz ng.a big industrial centre.beautiful countryside to visit at the weekend. Jane and I are also keen on jjvjng city., t a
amateur drnmatics - in fact l ve got to go to the rehearsal this evening. Also, ' (upressing to live there permanently.we've recently bought a house, so I'm spending a 1ot of time paintmg and xjygy auracts American sttzdènts.madecorating.
NM Well, thanks Julian. One last thing. l know that most of my readers . The scho' ol Julian teaches in is fairly small in the winter.won't have the opporttmity to come over to Britain for an English cotlrse, much bigger in the summer.and that many of them are keen to improve their English, Have you got any a single sex school.advice for them? L for both adults and teenage pupils. !
: JG Well. ... I think the main thing to do is to try and find authentic Eng- for advanced students only.i , .lish as near as they can to home, if that s possible. That may mean listening)
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. .?. to the radio, the BBC W orld Service, for instance. And take every opportu- . Apart from classes Julian arran- discos. .' nity you can to practise speaking the language. l know that when l iravel ges THPS.
abroad I'm more than happy to chat to people who can speak a little English. Fireworks. .l , : sports activities.j The main thing is: don t feel embm assed!
l . . Quizes. p(A Magazine Articlefrom ''Anglia') 1
' * Olian thinks that to improve listen to the BBC programmes. t12 Odise Speakinf the language. 46: Give evidence frnm the texl tc ircve whether the fnllnwinj statements are True . their English the learners shou p
Chat With people wh0 know Only a inr False. . jlittle English
. j1. The hot springs of Bath had been popular with the rich and famous since go to Britain as often as possible.the days they were discovered and up to the early seventeenth. '
2. The health-giving effect of the hot springs of Bath is but a myth spread g ckx gujjan ccjjard's irnfile alcnj the fcllcwinj guidelines: iby the citizens to attract tourists. ! -
. i3. The city of Bath owes its beauty and elegance to Roman architects who : . marital stattzs * present jobhad built their baths near the hot springs. @ educational backgrotmd * prçvious job
4. Bath resembles Venice as it has an incredible mlmber of musellms and ) . languages . overseas experiencehistoric sights. . hobbies
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Il. Text Features and Lanjuaje Facus 1. Fjnd mcre examples nf iarenthetical wnrds and cnllcluial phrases in the secnndpad cf the textW
. The Language ofDescription. 2- Match the wnrds and wnrd-cnmbinalinns cn the lelt with their definiticns nn
Ib?z have probably noticea that the text abounas in agectives. uost of . the right'
them qccxr in the part depicting the cj/y ofBath, i.e. in the yescrè/fvet'lke to one evelywhere in the worldpart ofthe text.
Note that some atljectives (e.g. *incredible c//y,!l do not onlv describe , fl Very mixed bag tlze language which you aim to achievethe noun but also convey the narrator% evaluation of the Llaces and . l1k1CI1Cy Start doing smththeir hisloly. In other words, fre-çcz#/zve a4ectives have an-expressive lllixtttre the situation that exists especially as it affects a par-function. In such cases aWectives can be intens#ed,bv a s/ma -z adverb, lltrcesible ticular personeg. fabulousy elegant'. - - . l'e intrigued combination
There are attributivephrases ofanother ypc in the text, particularlv h lltll into in addition tosuch as noun + noun combinations, eg language school. F/,e noun attri- ' l1e the case '' become very interestedbute in such combinations has thefunction ofspeceing the seconanoun, llpart from a free command of the languagethus making the information moreprecise. Notice that some ofthe adjec- ttlrget language easy to reach/got intotive + noun combinations have a similarfunction, e.g. temporary work. worldwide between only two people '
a group of people that are different from each other
* Go over the text and pick out wor' d-combinations of the given three s yranslate the fnllnwing senlences inln English using the vncabulary cf the texttypes to fill in the chart below. ' -
l . Iiozlbttl#lHcn'Bo 6o2Ibmllx ropoaos PM BHBaJIHCB e meqenue comen aem , H()ï )Attributive Phrases Mb1 BHZHM B HHX CâWlaeHMe RPMITCKU PHbIX CTHJIG .
2. B ueH'rpe MHuclca Bce 3aaHHl, KpoMe Tex, KoTopble pacnozfoxceHsl B Tpo-l oescriptive specirying uuxoM rfpem fecn e
, 6sInu cnpoehm upoaanu u nocmpoenu nocne BezlM-r .
l ' I ive Icoii O'reuecerseuuog sogusl.g neutra express1 3 Aueren,i M llucxa xopotuo auaIov, uTo r'yM - oauo 113 zly'umllx-ecza èax(adv) + adj + noun (adv). + adj + notm . noun + noun adj + noun noKynoK B ueHTpe ropoaa.
' E 4. M nozo rlN#tVzI#ltlJ PD HBLX HJIJHOHaJIbHOCTG HPHe3)Kai0T B AHIWHIOa long history an incredible place target language authentic English tjcgoeo xawxu êax cnequaasus= I(erIe#: MeaHuHH-a good pub fabulously elegant amateur dramatics teenage pupils ZXS X3XXOHl'1S NNZr'II
CKHX, TeXHMYIeCKHX, KOMMePKIeCKHX.5. O6meH3BeCTHO, qTO O6yqeHHe HHOCTPaHHOMY S3MKy SBJISCTCS 60JIee 3$-
: SelomuellblM, eclm OHO HPOBOAHTCS Ha l43yqaeMoM Aahlrd.B. The Language ofconversation 6. ropoa oqeHs yèo6no pacnoaox en, Talc qTo 'Iyaa Moxcuo èo6pam bcn 113nlo6o; 'rouxyl c'rpaHsl.
The secondpart ofthe /ax/ is an fazerpfew which is a variety ofconversa- . 7. OH Muoro neT npopa6oTa.q B 'rypllceruqecicosf arellercTBe, npelxae qeM na-tion and as such, posesses a number of typicalfeatures ofspoken .lan- : vaa cgom Kapbepy B xaueca'se rlpoieccuouanslloro nepesoaxluxa.guage, e.g.. 8. Hocne Toro, xax oll yttle.q 113 tlupMbl, oH ou ycTpolucs Ha cpe-uennym
a) hesitationfeatures, e.g. well..., no... pa6omy s xauecTse coquanbnoeopa6omnuKa B oauoM 143 Kozmemxei.b) parenthetical wtprl.ç andphrases, e.g. 1 don 't actualöq ... ; 9. qw 6sI ssI rlocoBeeroBazlH Hezloselky naqunamujeky va
-vvlzas Aaslx? -
c) colloquialisms and idioms, gg. a m 'aef/ bag, ... ' I'Ipeyxae scero, c'rapaiiTecb Icax Moxcuo 6onsme rosopun c nocumwlv u. :
.R3blKa.
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111. FnII0w-Up âctivity ' Miscellaneousl l1e playing of musical instruments or sotmd reproducers within the College
* Prepare to talk about the ci1 of Bath ; (jj ils grounds is prohibited, except for oKcial or approved purposes. Smok-lrlg is prohibited, except in the Students' Common Room , the Dining Room- comparing it with other big cities; qsm oking Permitted'its role as a center of TEFL business. 'PXCCPt 12.00 - 14.00 daily) and in other areas where- pointing öutNtglys are displayed.
Fees .LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST . (j sr each yearby the Education committee, and details of fees arel'ees are rlxe
Read the arlicle helnw.Fnr cuesticns f1-51 chnnse tlle antwpr Iâ-nl ullAleb unu ' t'llen n0t available until the end of the Sllmmer term. Sttldents axmlvine to thethink fits best acccrdinj ta '-the text - ' ---' '- -' --'-- '-M ( '''llege who wish to gain some idea of fee levels may coniacAt A V 'Uollege,
wllich will be pleased to give details of fees being charged in the current year.
Ci C&Z 6 JJCJCJNPJ: . At Present most f'u' ll-time students under eighteen (nineteen in the case of sttz- '% % Slents attending GcsE and Foundation courses) do not have to pay course fees.General Information jtj ou do if you want to ask the staff in the College Oëce aI . W hat shou y
College hours question at 20.00 on a Friday evening?The college is open for classes from 09.00 - 21.00 from Monday to Friday. ' A . W ait tmtil 08.45 on Saturday.Duling tenn tim e, the Enquiry Desk, Ext. 102 is open each weekday from B. Wait until 08.45 on M onday.08.45 - 18.45 (19.00 for the first month of the Autumn and Spring terms), C. Dial extension 230 on the telephone.and aRer that until the close of classes a senior member of the academic staff ' 'y D. G0 to the Enquiry Desk unless it is the Smnmer term. 'is on duty in the O/ ce, Ext. 230. 2
. students with bicycles or m otor-cyclesReports A. Can park their bikes at the side of the College roads.
' be issued at the end of each term . B' 212 1Rot allowed to park bikes anywhere in the grounds.Reports on students progress m
ay C. should purchase parking tickets from the City authorities.
Parking . o . must apply to the College Ol ce for permits. 'For safety reasons, no vehicle may be parked on the roadFays within the 3 on a weekday the lirst area of the Collegù to open isCollege Grotmds. Season tickets for the car parks may be bought f'rom the ' A the Enquily Desk
.City authorities. s' jw cussrooms..tThere is a speed limit of 10 kph on al1 roadways within tlze College c
. the Dining Room .groupds. Permits for parking motor-cycles, scooterj and bicycles, at the rid- D . the Students' Common Room.er's risk, may be obtpined from the College Enquiry Olce. (unts who are in the College Dining Room at 15.004. Stu
' !Dining Room A. are not allowed to smoke.
The College Dining Room is open at the following times: ' B. can have something to eat or drink.08.30 - 11.15 Tea Coffee Snacks C. are allowed to play musical instnzments.11.30 - 13.30 Ltmches ' D. should not be there at all. l14.45 - 15.45 Tea Coffee Snacks ' 5 w hat information is given about fees?16.30 - 18.30 Evening meals ' x
. There are no fees for classes.Accommodation B. Full details are available 9om the Enquiry Desk.
C. Full details are available by phone from the Education Committee. lStudents seeking accommodation should contact the Accommodation and jWelfare Om cer, telephone 69371/4 Ext. 54, who is also available for consul- D' Fees for the com ing year are not yet known. i
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tation about student welfare problem s. (From usuccess at nrst certncate ')j j
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- , t- Bead the lext carefully and dn the tasks thal fcllnw.EIF (Iqa â Teacher Throujh a Chlld s Eyes
Wnowéron e art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery. y zes/je Norris
Mark Van Dtlrd:(ltlay M iss W ebster Was going to
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell tjr yowing y,. sllow them the snow ops g jyEwhere his inlluence stops. rg jt ,:III (lle little three-cornered garden out- .
, k: ? ,Henry Srtm/rz L , jjouse, where 5 5 k ' tt ,qI(lt- lhe school-keeper s , ,E, z
, jj) ytjjy' . : i jggj j,lllt-y weren't allowed to go. Al1 through ;: , l ' èt,tLESSON A. INTENSIVE READING 1116. winter, Miss Webster said, the snow- , ,&f' ië) j ,, )
r ),),.t,,j:l.
è (l# t,I,s had been asleep under the grotmd, , y jqys..
k. .y ,t; ,. , k,, , .
, :j,. )Lj,6.L , , ,i Tasks ' b,,t l't'w they were up, growing in the t: t ' !.p 'g ' L -> . ' èt ë ''1. Readinj and Comprehens cn : yttk.
. ,s, lt
, r ëj ,len. He tried to thirlk what they h ' , t IQ .yl1 t t1. The fnllnwing wnrds are essential fcr understandinj and disctlssinj the main wtjtlld Iook like, but a11 he could imag-
ideas cf the text Learn the meaning an1 prcnunciaticn nf these wnrds. . jjyk. was one qake of falling snow, bitterly gail and white, and nothing like a
Nouns fltdwer.tery g'semotrl) an area of land used for burying dead people It was a vely cold morning. He leaned against the kitchen table, feelingceme
funeral g'tqu:narol) a religious ceremony for burying a dead person lllt. llctrd edge against his chest, eating his breakfast slowly.knight (naltq a man of high social rank (in former times) : ''I lurry upy'' said the boy's mother, ççor you will never get to schooll''petal ('petal) a delicate coloured part of a flower I Iis father carile in and flled the room with bigness. He stood in front ofslkip gsklpq a quick light stepping andjumping movement tjkç. jire because it was cold in the yard, and a11 the boy could see was a faintsnap (snœp) here, a sudden loud sotmd made by smth. closing ljgllt at each side of his father's wlde body.snowdrop E'snoudropq a small white flower that appears in early spring ..jt,s a cold wind,'' said the father. fçl can't remember a colder M arch.'' Ispear gsplo) a weapon with a long wooden handle and a sharp meGl point 'jahe man turned arolmd and faced them smiling because he was muchVerbs yVI3t tner and the cold March was safely locked outside the house.bury ('berl) put smn who died into a grave '''Fhe Meredith boy is being buried this afternoon,'' his father was saying jclap Eklœp) applaud ti' ilis mother. 14I'm sorry l shan't be able to go. l worked for his father for twotrap (trœp) get part of yolzr body crushed between two objects #,l:tl :t half years, up at the rolling mill. A nice man, Charlie Meredith, very '
tt I hear he's very cut up, and his wife too. This was their only boy''. i $ l t l 1 t . .Adjectives .. ,, ked hjs mother.' lgnt) (old use) brave l l0W 01d was he? asgallant g gœ , ,, js sther said. tt-fwenty last Janualy Silly little fool. That.. rwents hhoarse Eho:sq rough (about voice)
'mlngtp) very small l'tktt was too powerful for him - well, to go at that speed on a wet, dark Iminiature (iraculous gmllrœkjulosq marvellous, surprising I1lh',llt. Over seventy, the police said, straight into the back of a stationary :m
' full very sad, sonowful tI llt.1(. A terrible mess.'' imournful ( mo:n jsturdy ('sto:dl) physically strong and healthy ''I Ie was a nice-looking boy, too,'' said his mother. ;tinged (tlndsdl with a small amotmt of cololzr added to smth ''A1l the Merediths are,'' said his father. G'That one was very friendly 1
wltll that young teacher up at the school, W ebber, is it? Something like that''2. Make sure ynu knnw the prnnunciatinn cf the fnllnwing prnper names. Ilut his mother coughed and looked sharply at the boy.
I ''()h?'' said his father. <tof course. 1 should have remembered. Come on,Edmtmd g'edmond) Miss Lewis (mls lu:lsl ,j) j
)e ute.',' ' i Webster Emls 'webstal ''$'''- t'r y0uCharlie Meridith ( tJc:ll merldlo) M ss5 150
AS they went into the classroom , M iss Lewis came in and sent the chil- , %' lti'll t lley had finished, the other children went down to the garden gatedren into other classrooms. wlstk'll (lpened out on to the road. lt Was a big gate with iron bars and yottr
JUst before the playtime M iss Lewis told a1l the children from M iss lleatl cotlld almost poke through. Somewhere a long way off the boy couldWebster's class that they could go back to their own room after play. ltplll Illen singing. They sang softly, moumfully. The words canied gently on
The children cheered and clapped when they saw M iss W ebster. She was $llc ltir over the school wall, but the boy could not hear what they said.
dressed in a black frock, without any jewellely but she smiled at them hold- ''It's a funeral,'' said Edmtmd. ltMy father's there and my Uncle Jim. lt'sing her fnger to her lips for them to be quiet. The bandage she had on one $1 1,()y who was killed on a motor-bike.''fllger, Where she had trapped it in the cupboard door and hadn't cried
, ' I'he boy nodded. Funerals often passed the school on their way to thelooked very white apd clean. She gave them some crayons and a big sheet of g $ rllletcl'y at the top of the valley. A1l the men wore black suits, and theypaper for each child and they could draw whatever they liked. wlylked slowly. Som etim es they sang.
V'Shall we be going to see the snowdrops this afternoon?'' he asked Miss l Ie squatted down to look at the snowdrops. He felt a slow, sad disap-Webster before he went home. jpfpilltlzzent
. He looked around for M iss Webster to explain these simple flow-f6YeS,'' She said, itif M iss Lewis will allow us, we'll go to see them this : rl s to him, but she had gone down to the gate and was staring throuqh, look-afternoon.'' the road
. Her back was as hard as a stone. He ttlnzed agaln to the' î 'i ' ' i'l t'l'.'''W hen he was eating his lunch his mother asked, tçWas Miss Webster in Nllllwdrops
, concentrating, willing them to ttu'n marvellous in front of his
school this morning?'' ryes. They hung down their four-petalled heads in front of him, the whiteh
E<Yes,'' he said, tubut she came late. She didn't arrive until playtime.'' t illged with minute green, the little green ball sturdily holding the petals, theE4poor girl '' said his m other. jvyish leaves standing up like miniahlre spears. The boy began to see theirHe thought about this for a long time. . t'kagility. He saw them blow in a sudden gust of the cold M arch wind, shake,
- At two o'clock Miss Webster marked the register and then began to tell lllld straighten gallantly. He imagined them standing a1l night in the darkthem a stozy It was a good stozy about a dragon who guarded a hoard of grtrden, holding bravely to their specks of whiteness. He put out a fnger to
treasure in his den underground, where the snowdrops slept al1 through the ttltlch the nearest llower, knowing now what snowdrops were. He lifted hiswinter. From time to time M iss Webster turned her head to look at the big ' litce to tell Miss Webster, but she was standing right'at the gate, holding the
clock in the hall. She could see it through the top half of the classroom door, iron bars with her hands. Her shoulders were sbaking.
which had fottr panes of glass in it. Her voice seemed to be hoarser than After a while they couldn't hear the singing any more, but M iss W ebsterusual, which was :ne when she read the dragon's bits, but not good for the ' rontinued to cry aloud in the midst of the frightened children
.knight or the princess. She shut her book with a snap and stood up. She
.ncsg- sng/js, ,) I't completed the stoly (FromI hadn ,
l tçNow we'll go to see the snowdrops '' she said. ttI want the girls to go'
i tly to the cloakroom and put on thell coats. When they are ready, 1511 4. Answer the luestinns jiving evidence Irnm the text tn suppnrt pur ideas. èl qu e rà
jcome along with the boys. Everybody must wear a coat. lf you have dil -. I what do you suppose was the age of the boy and the pupils in his class? 1lty with buttons, please stand in front and 1'11 fasten them for you
.'' 1* ojd the boy's parents discuss everything openly in his presence? 1cu
He stood up with a sudden lightening of the heart. He had known a1l the (J what evidence is there in the story that this was not a nonnal schoolday ktime that Miss Webster would not forget and at last she was taking them to ' for M iss W ebster? 5')
jsee the miraculous iowers, pale and fraglle as the falling snow
. He looked at 4 uow far is it tnle to say that M iss W ebster, whatever her feelings, still didM i
ss Webster with gratimde. Her eyes were bright as frost, and she was ' herjob as a teacher? 'making sure that the girls walked nicely through the door. j uow did the boy show his longing to see the snowdrops?They al1 walked beautifully through the playground
, in two rows hold- 'ing hands, and he held Edmund's hand and they gave a little skip together 5 Exjanj jjese statements usinç quntatinn and/cr reference. $every three steps
. lt didn't iake long to get to the garden. Thq children bent .
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.down, fottr at a tim e to look at the little clump of snowdrops and M iss W eb- 1 . The im age of the flowerj was faint in the boy's m ipd.ster told them what to look at. He and Edmund would be the last to look. 2. It was an unusually cold day.
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3. The Meredith boy wasn't a very skillful driver. f /, ccmbine the adjectives/verbs cn the left with adverbs pn the right to rejrnduce4. The boy thought Miss Webster was a strong-willed person. , lhe wcrd-cnmhinatinns frcm the textWhile dninj this recall the ccntexts In whith5. The boy didn't quite lik. e the way M iss Webster read a story to the class. lhese wcrd-ccmblnatinns perfnrm à markel expressive functinn.6. The children felt dismayed when Miss W ebster started sobbing. jve Advepsl i'rb zlkr/fcl/e /Adject7. After watching the fowers for a few minutes the boy was able to see and sing safelyaam ire the vitality and strength of the iowers. jyojtj u tterly
k: lcëtrried sharply
.II Text Features and Languaje Focus : Straighten gently
Iocked gallantlya4. Expressive M eans in Fiction frail mournfully
l Expressiveness ofa literary text can be achieved alongside with other C. ? zd simile is an opressive devicefrequently used in descrètive fax/.ç,means, by introducing unpredictable word-combinations in which the e.g. as hard as nails; as white as a sheet.faedsemantic relations between the words are deliberately broken. Such'unusual ' combinations create a spec/c stylistic devke, the purpose of ,which is to attract the reader 's attention to aparticular detail or event. ' 2 nnd 4 jnstances nI similes intrnduced W 'as ... as' nr llike' in the text
one ofthese devices is the so-called metaphoric (or displaced) epi- ,thet. It is a kind ofepithet in which the syntactical nnkg between the worido not coinciae with theirsemantic relantlons. Therefore, a metaphoric epi- 7t IL Reinforcng Vocabularythet aoes not aetermine the wordwith which it is connectedsyntacticalb.
'-Hefelt a slow, sad disanpointment''. 1- GB nvef the texl again and make a Iist nf wcrds and phrases which are used hye.g. 'Wi&J##tua/&lrp/ came N'/rl him .W/W # and he lhe ztlthor.This actually meansfeltsad'', where the epithets 'y/tlw 'and 'sad'are connectedwith the noun a) to show how the boy perceived the material world around him on a'disappointment ' syntactically, but are semantically related to the sub- cold day in M arch;ject ofthe sentence We '. describing the emotional state ofthe boy. Such ' b) to describe snowdrops.an epithet is expressive because it is not typically used in the language inthese word-combinations, they are Ginvented'' by the author 2. Amnnj the mcst tpical cnmdinatinns in Enjlish are cl-phrases Iike, e.g. a buachè
1 ' 0llIaW8rs, : herd p/ w0lv8s. Find such phrases in the text and jive their RussianI equivalents.q 1. Decide which nf the adjectives in the fnllnwing wnrd-cnmbinatinns exiress the ! '
authnr's atlitude tn the nbjecls described. a stujy tje jejnjtjcns cf the adjectives frajile, frail and faint and ncte the difler-.. @
greyish leaves . little clllmp ence in their meaning.fragile llower (tinged with) minute green pague (ujjcate
, crisp; easily broken or damaged, not stiong;four-petalled heads sudden gust (of wind) zt weak and very delicate as if easy to be broken (esp.of an o1dfratmiraculous iower slow, sad disappoin% ent baby); Iperson or aIfaint not clear
, blurred, e.g. afaintpicture/shape/image/writing, etc.2. Note that adverbs arefrequently used in combination with a4ectives 'and verbs to intens# the quality ofan object orperson or to describe a ', 4. use cne cf these wnrds tn fill the gaps in the sentences belcw. Icertain action with more accuracy andprecision. ;
l frail; straighten gallantly. , ! 1 ' W e Child's . . . arms could barely hold the parcel.c.g. bitter y ,,2. The parcel was marked . . ., - GGl-landle with care .
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3. The sotmd of the car was getting . . . in the distance. k --'- - --Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs4
. There were a few . .. pencil lines on the page. , . ..-.- i
5. His body was . .. after a long illness. ' play6. Most people frst see the island as a . .. blur through the misty rain. .- - I7 He was listening to me with a .. . smile on his lips. 1 Straight I-
.. .- j8. Mrs HardinM herself was thin and . . ., but her son was a sturdy sixteen stwdy 'jear-old. - ' ly
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come along sit with your knees bent ' !. Translate the sentences intn English usinj the vncahulary nf the text in the itali- lbe up move or bend yolzr body in a particular direction cized pads.
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poke tlzrough move downwards . ., fi jbm ard ' l ' CHDCRCJKRMMU 6bIJIH Oqellb MaJICHbKHW YxpynMl4e, H OBâHRMJIORWItWI',bend down stretch one s nger .( u'ro6sl nonlo6osaerscx Hx Kpacow i. ,stare through be awake/rise :. 2. HoHH-He6onsmHer= sahle-HsoTHble, xoeropblellBzlrlltlrrcrlBiylxoauaMHlean through push smth through a space/opening. 143 cesepllo; qac'rH HcnallHll.put out (a hnger) look at smth steadily q
,, 3. Heoolcuèannuû atlp*la BeTpa pacicaqazl BepttlHHbl cocell. tsquat down go someFhere with someone
j. 4. EMy W MWEMWIO rlallblm ;IBePBIO, HO OH Jlallte He BCKPHKHN .
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5 CBllae'renb onHcan npoHcltlecTBHe, He ynycerHs Meabqaûlaux aeTaaei.6. Find fnur jrcups nf synnnyms amnnj the fcllnwinj wnrds. ' jj rt a fly).6. 0Ha MHnax èo6pax aesymxa, KoTopax 14 MyxH He o6aaHT ( u
.7 .7. newu6ezaauenpunpbtolcKyz mxonblloMaBope, Hac.qalltzlaEcbMlll4y'raMuj
ump healthy-looking m inute poke skip , ovaslxa.
sturdy hop tiny robust push 8 ou sslme.q 143 xoMuaTbl, cuasuo xzltml@, aBepblo.
9. OT KpHxa ronoc y Hero c'raa xpuwlbut.'
l 0 KpoBan mtq Hero 6sIna cnultlxoM KopoTxa, H ero HorH mopnaau B7. Fill in lhe aiprnpriale bnxes with the wnrds Irnm the text related ln the nnes in the npoxoae.
2chart l 1. Ero o'ruy 6smo pxe aa 80, ou 6sm xpynKuM ,1 Ia ezl cna6oe rwoposse.. . ' I
12. OHa nunayx acnopaccmpoena CBOHM nposazloM Ha axaaMeue.!
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs 13. He paapettlai're MaJIINHKY 'btcoebleamb r0JIoBy 143 OKHR Barolla - DT0:( ' '''' ,onacuo.
big ' 14 uocae aoxçm ua aesue ocvazmcs zmms cma6ste (aexczz/ae) cneasl asw-bitter . MOGHJIBHBIX HJHH.
' . 15 Mbl 681.,114 pa7wl ee uyèecnoMy Bsl3aoposzleiouo nocne czloucuoîi oneplull-. '
disappoint , .. :'
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( 'fragile 111. Fcllcw-up Activities .
gentle '* Prepare to discuss the followint points in class.
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ligbten - w ould it be correct to tlunk that when the boy saw the weakness of histeacher, the adult woyld didn't seem so secttre and solid to him as it didmiracle .
before?
56 ' 57. !
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hat way could M iss W ebster 'be compared with a snowdrop? a#Itl Illletlmonia. Almost at once l was put into a small room with another boy- ln ww'll, ' was also very ill. He died and I nearly did. M y m ain memoly of m y stay
. w rite a oaraeraph describinge an episode from your or som eone al flt(. llospital was that the night-nurses used to get together in my room and, jjAijtjjy '-ood which changed to a certain extent your vision of jlljty crlrds and chat
. Keeping the light on and keeping me awake when I waselse s cthe adult world. gfdl It hl1SIy ill didn't bother them. W hen I had recovered I was sent home for a
Iew lveeks and missed a term .w llen l returned to school, I was sent to bed early because of my illness
,LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST ;Iîç4 s(, managed to get a brief period alone every day. Later on, when 1 went
$I$tl , dlle Senior part of the school, I was allowed to go to the school libraryinç tn read an article abnui a bc# at a bcarding schnBl. Fnr quebYcu are gc t,k Iljyselt-, which was a great improvement.5) chcnse the answer (A-B) which y0u lhink fits Lest acccrdinlïtinns (1- l ITe day I left school, the headmaster said goodbye and asked whether it
tn the text. w,j.i :, sad day for me. I replied that it was the happiest day of my life. He
441$$ I would come to think of my time at the school very diflkrently. I said*< cJ4 Soarjin.y Yr 01 lI1fIl I was sure that I would not
. Though I have had tmhappy days since thatJ n ç$IIy', l llave fotmd that my conclusions then - that nothing afterwards could'ted almost every day of my time at boarding school and, in any case, , , j)e so bad as boarding school - have been proved tnze.ha :$ # Iisaster. l found it very dio cult to settle down, a1)1my first tel'm WaS a dbecause l was also tmhappy at home. X lFrom unside Meaning')my tmhappiness waS made worsefrom which you can go into the world with .happy home life gives you a base
if life at home is diëcult, life away at boarding school i! I . chonse the best alternative tn cnmplete the sentences.Consdence. Btlt. almost impossible. j l j)e boy's home life
having to keep to a great many nzles and customs, many o ùApart from h . Ilelped him to go into life with ctmsdence.id we were never allowed to be alone. You had t4'which seem ed to m e stup , . I (. made it even m ore difficult for him to settle down at boarding11 times. l am extremely dependent on being alon:be with another boy at a school. Ii1y life at school was very hard for m e, though th: , ;art of every day, so da ( . rtllowed him to feel sectlre. .P
ther boys managed fairly well. l ). made his integration into the children's community natural ando iddle of the frst term l developed a cough. The school nurs: jjuess.ln the m paçtstomach-cough'' whatever that may be, and gave me som:said it was a
, ,laying football in a snowstorm, l suddenly 1 l ltt, author s illness dlzring the flrst term wasills
. However, afterwards, pP h bronchiti: A so serious he nearly died.breathe properly and was taken to the hospital i11 witcould not 1 1 caused by getting cold when playing games.
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,,g-':(;gyj-,-g jgjyjyjyjytgyj-,g,jgj yp ()y yjg-ly:j . gzjjjjj. y jyjjjlr-,, y-jy--jkytyy ,.. qjy,. :.j,- .--gjjyjy;. jjyjjjjjyyjyr- ,,.jjy- . yy g- y: j g jj-yyjg -jgy
.jjggjj , yy . .j.jy . .. y, yyygjyyyjjy-yy..,,y ,gjjyjjy;,,. , ,gy- jj. jy jy yy jj jj .yj jkkgyy jjjyyy. jygg;jy yjjyy jjjgyjj gjjs .jjy $,y44, gjjs jjjyyy- jjyggy .. jjjj;p..: ygjj)jjj)j))..... , : g.r!y: . ,, . . , ,,,
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' ,(( y(g' ,kj, t : (L/ yj lj; :: ' I 4 was afraid to bother the nurses.' z. . ':y)ë 'r ; .ê .( tj k 4)dE. y;) g
, y .,y:r ( ,yëyky, x j , (j jtju At uoyyra wjjetjje'y jt was ujgju or day
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1.. . 'yyyy )tjF. h,,.psy;. . tjjkqjjtljy,.r p, r z.. .ygj.jqy,q,., sJsi .jyy: , jjgyjrjjy. . ykj (y, sxzljqygjtj.jj, ,;j jjj:,t ,gyyjj Egjj. t( x., ,jjjy,, . ëg; . , ?( r;;j, y,y. . z. . ,'s), ,t(t.t)'.7. ,)),,......, t, .k.t,t t. ,Ië, ),., -,,. k.. . I ) jklund the nurses, behaviourdisturbed him. I.. : , tyj.,.yr. , y,,,, . g . . (jjj.j ,. . .2 ,y 2::E,, , , ( .. . .
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'- ( . L: '. . !y) ;g ' E , .. . 4 I lle result of his illness was that he !... . ... . ,, ....... . . .. . ). y . . ..y(:. . )y, ;,,,,, ... . ê ' ):,V)B . A was away from SCh0O1 fOr a year. j') '#''
, r :,o)jit,;... r j j was taught in the school library.
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c had some private time or himself-. I',tlia Taylor loved her children, her life, her husband. Life had treated'
had to do his homework in bed. 41,'.1,. well, and although this wasn't what she had expected of her life in theD.
' *gl ly years, she found that it suited her better than expected. The dreams that5 W hen the author was leaving school, the headmaster believed the autho .lyt. :1j)d ooug had once had were no longer relevant to life as they now knew
would ' Il. wllo they had becom e, or the place they had drifted to since they metA. realize how good school life had been. , lwellty years before in the Peace Corps in Costa Rica.B. be tmhappy after he left school. The life they shared now was what Doug had wanted, the visiop he hadc. never give it another thought. .: l1l1tl lbr them, the place he wanted to get to. A big, comfortable house inD. think that boardihg school is a wonderful institution. f t 'tdllnecticut, secttrity for both of them, a houseful of kids, and a Labrador
t Irtriever, and it suited him to perfection. He left for work in New York attlle same time every day, on the 7:05 train out of the Westport station. He2. Read the text and answer the Inllnwink queslinns. 'qllw the same faces, spoke to all the same people, handled the same accotmts
1. why was the boy's first term at boarding school a disaster? , $jk lpis omce. He worked for one of the biggest marketipg flrms in the coun-AI2. W hat did the boy think of the school nzles? :: tj y, and he made very decent money. M oney wasn't something she had wor-. ; .3. In what was the boy diflkrent from the others? I icd about much in the early days
, not at a11 in fact. She had been just as4. W hy was the boy taken to hospital? . llllppy digging inigation ditches and living in tents in Nicaragua, Penz, and, :
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5. W hat was the boy's main memory of his stay at the hospital? E ( 'llsta Rica.6. W hen did he start to go to the school library by himselo She had loved those days, the excitement, the challenges, the feeling that7. Did the boy have unhappy days after he had left school? Nlke was doing something for the human race. And the occasional dangers
! llley encountered seem ed to fuel her.She had started taking photographs long before that, in her teens, taught
:OPTIONAL READING 1'y her father, who was a conw pondent for The New York Times. He spent
' I),()st of her citildhood years away, on dangerous assignments in war zones.
And she loved not only his photographs, but listening to his stories. As a '$Ièr ZC-J: trllild, she dreamed of a life like his one day. And. her dreams came tnzewhen she herself began freelancing for papers at home while she was in the
dia Taylor had her camera poised as an unruly anny of nine-year-old j,cace corps.C X 11 they had been u:r assignments took her into the hills
, and brought her face-to-face Iboys ran across the playing lield after the soccer ba
f them collapsed in a heap, a tangle of arms and'iheatedly pursuing. Four o with everything from bandits to guenillas
. She never thought of the riskslegs, and she knew that somewhere in the midst of them was her son, slle took
. Danger meant nothing to het, in fact she loved it. She loved thesam, but she couldn't see him as she shot a never-ending stream of pic- , Ileople
, the sights, the smells, the sheer joy of what she was doing, and thetures. She had promised to take photographs of the team, as she always. scnse of freedom stze had while she did it. Even after they finished their ldid, and she loved being there, watching them on a warm M ay afternoon, stint with the Peace Corps, and Doug went back to the States, she stayed in 'in W estport. ( 'zentral and South America fof several months, and then went on to do sto-
she went evetywhere with her kids, soccer, baseball, swimming team, 2 ries in Africa and Asia. And she managed to hit all the hot spots. W heneverballet, termis. She did it not only because it was expected of her, but because there was trouble somewhere, for a while at least, lndia was in it, takingshe liked it. Her life was a constant continullm of car pools, and extracurric- E picttlres. lt was in her soul, and in her blood, in a way that it had never been !ular activities, peppered with trips to the vet, the orthodontist, the pediatri- ! in Doug's. For him, it had been something exciting to do for a time before '
Et 1 life.'' For India, it was real life, and what she reallycian when they were sick or needed checkups. W ith four children between , I1e settled down to reathe ages of nine and fourteen, she felt as though she lived in her car, and ' wanted. '
t the winters shoveling snow to get it out of the garage and down the She had lived with an insurgent arm y in Guatem ala for two m onths, andspeniveway. l'ad come up with fantastic photographs, reminiscent of her father's. They
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had won her not only praise intemationallv, but several prizes, for her cover l i'dtt's ltnd turned her attention to full-time motherhood, it was harder thanher insight, and fer comage. - - . *11f- expected. At :rst, she really missed working. ln the end, she onlyage
, k on those days later on, she realized she. ha Ii'''ketl back once or twice with regret, but evenmally she didn't even havew hen she looked bacbeen someone different then, a person she thouuht of sometimes now, an 'I'''e lbr that.dered what had hagpened io her. where fad that woman gone, tha t 'nce in a while, she mused about working again once the kids grew up,W0n
iu rree spirit sned wuh passion? India sou acknowledged her, yet o '''',ybe in another sve years when sam was in high school. sut that was in-Wlso realized she no longer knew her. uer litk was so difrerent now, su ' ''llceivable to herjustnow. ue was only nine,Aimee was eleven, Jason wasa
no longer that person. she wondered. sometimes, in her dark room iwelve, and Jessica fburteen. Her lifk was a constant merrpgo-round orac-w aslate at niglu, how she could be satissed with a litk so f-ar removed rrom tlu llvilies between them, afur-school spous and barbecues and u ttle t-eague
he had once been so in love witl,. And yet, she knew witla perf-ec B..'1 piano lessons. uw only way to do it all was if-you never stopped, neverone slarity, that she loved the lio she shared with ooug and the ehildren ilt 'I'''''glzt of yourself-, and never sat down fbr sve minutes. 'rhe only respitec w hat she did now was important to her, as much as her earlie, .l.r l'ad from it was when they went to cape cod in the summer. o oug spentw estpou
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lif-e had been. she had no sense of- sacrifice, orhaving given up sometung 'l,lee weeks there with tlaem every year, and the rest of-the time he commut-he loved, but father ot-having traded it fbr something very difrerent. And e'l t',' weekends. n ey a1l loved their cape cod vacations. she took terriscs Ius had always seemed worth it to her. w hat slw did or them mas I'l't'tographs at tlae cape every year, and got a little time fbr herself-. she hadthe bene
,. (I..rkroom in the house, just as slw did in westport. And at the cape shetered a great deal to ooug and the children, she told herself'. of that, slws ceuain. , r.,.,ld spend hours in it while the kids visited with fwends, or hung out onWa
But there was no denying, when she looked at her oldphotographs, that 'l'c beach, or played volleyball or tennis. she was less of-a chaufreuzat thehe had had a passion or what she did then. some of-tlw memoriis were' t '''I'e, the kids could ride their bikes everywhere and it gave her more fkeesill so vivid. she still remembered the sheer excitement ot-it, the sick fbel-k 'ilt'e, especially in the last two years, since sam was a litue older. ue wassting oî knowing she was in aanger, and tlae tl,rin oç capmring tlae persd n'i'wing up. The only tung she wondered f-rom time to timr was sow
t that explosive split second in time when everything came together, .,'('wn up she was. sometimes she f-elt guilty about tlae books she neverm om en yin one instant in what she saw through her camera. There had never been I';,d time to read, the politics she had lost interest in. It felt sometimes as
lung like it. Ifnothing else, she was glad she-d done it, and gotten it out tltllugh the world beyond was moving on without her. she had no senseanytj. her system. And she knew without a doubt that what she had f-elt was ' lt.lymore of growth or evolution, it was more a question of- treading water,o thing she had inherited som her fuher. He had died in oa xang when v't'oking dinner, driving kids and getting fkom one school year to another.som ehe was sfuen, afur wimung a pulitzer tlw year beore. lt had been all too llut there was nothing about her life that made her feel that she had grown
s ia to fbllow in his ootsteps. It was a course she couldn-t have i., recent years.easy fbr Indltered at the time, or wanted to. she needed to do it. n e changes she had , lndia's life had been virtually the same fbr the last fburteen years, sincea
Jessica was born. It was a Iitk of-sewice sacrince, and commitment. But tlwmade came later. ?
she retunwd to xew vork a year and a halt- after ooug had gone home, ' ,e''d result was tangible, she could see 1t. she had healthy, happy children.
laen lae had snally i,ssued an ultimatum. ue lmd told her tlaat if-she wamed I'hey lived in a safe, fhmiliar little world that revolved entirely around them
.W -- et her ass back to xew vork', and stop Nothing unsavory or unsaf-e or unpleasant ever intruded on them, and thea future with him
, she had better grisking her lifk in pakistan andKenya. worst thing that ever hajpened to them was an argument with a neighbor's Ichild, or a trauma over Iost lmmework. Tlaey haa no concept oç the loneli- IAt twenty-six, she manied ooug, and worked fbr The xewvork Times
or two years, taking photographs fbr them locally, but ooug was anxious ' ''ess she had f-elt as a child, with one constantlx absent parent. They werehave children. And when Jessica was born shoruy befbre India turned 'y t'nfailingly ministered to and cared fbr. And thelr rather came home every
to ine she gave up herjob at 'rlw umes, moved to connecticut, and ''iglat for dizmer. That was especially impgrtant to India, as she knew onlytwenty-n ,losed the door on lwr old litk fbrever. ,t was the cual she had agreed to. too well what it was like not to have that. .
cooug had made it very clear to her when they got married that once they , India-s children lived in a different universe s-om the children she hadhad to give up lwr careesand she had agreed to do it. she , I'hotographed two decades bcfbre, staw ing in Atuca, orjeopazdized in un- .,had children
, she ,d be ready. sut she hadto admit, when she left-rl,e imaginaue ways in underdeveloped countries, wlwre theirvery suw ival wasthought thatby then she
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in question daily, ieeing from their enemies, or lost to natural aggresso Mrs. Rosen annomzces that M iss Barnette has arrived in our classroomlike illness, ioods, and famine. Her children would never know a life 1ik lt1 $141 something she has never done before. She's going to select a Grade IVtheirs, and she was grateful for it. ' dlltdellt tbr the M arching Unit, an organization heretofore m ade up solely of
6 Ilatles V and Vl students - Big Kids. Unbelievable! M ore unbelievable islAn extractfrom ''Bittersweet'' by Danielle steet j sje I,m glancing arotmd enviously at the likely candidates - shew Iy w
plrks me.
% Prl*: ofT-n&ts . ' In Grades v and v1, I am a patrolboy and the leader of tlw MarchingI want them to know they were important to me 'k t lllit. Miss Barnette repeatedly preaches with religious fervour an idea l
Ittlw embrace obsessively: çllf you're going to do something - for God's/ ve come to believe that the more productive I become as a writer, th jake, do it as well as you can and with a11 your heart, and if you're going toless time I have for my studies. This crisis of faith has me thinking i Ieatl, gor God's sake, gtand folward, be proud.'' She's the frst to teach me
tul'n about my teachers, hoping two decades after I was last olcially a st'uz alllltlt a performer's obligation to a live audience. My own variation on herdent to lem'n from them once again. As l recall them, l remember not thei , greachment is that you can't ever fully succeed unless you're willing to riskactual teaching but, startlingly, one thing - an idea, a moment, some word Settllystrophic failure. .
hurled forth, one seminal idea. 1 In Grade V1, M rs. Ruth Waller, aubllrn-haired and freckled, so tough andI don't remember the nnme of m y Grade I teacher in small town Illinois, :(, fair, makes me feel for the first time in my life, that 1 can not only be a:
Clearly, l must have begtm to learn from her to read and write, to add and llpember of the Marchlng Units and Safety Pakols of the world, but also asubtract, thus beginning a lifetime of joy in language and misery in numbers. g()()d student.
' h h: She teaches me left from right) She and Miss Barnette are like surrogate mothers - wise and stern,That s not my primary memory, t ougI nm left-handed. içM any Grade l teachers,'' she whispers into my six-yeart Illlt loving
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jold ear, Gforce left-handed children to become right-handed, so they can be At Minmy Beach High School my English teachers torment me to read, j
, ., : :: ,, samuelson,like everybody else.'' She isn t going tp do that to me. ' l() consume vocabulary and to wnte constantly. M ichael Pat
In 1948 we m ove to a small island east of M iamy, festooning upward in ( irade X, handsom e guy, the girls are rotmdly smitten, has one of the top tensmcco and rococo glory out of a stretch of seashore and sand. lt's called'? jlompadottrs in the history of hair. He makes me write a short stoly . .Miamy Beach. . To my astonishment (because I still can't imagine l really seriously, no- '
There, Mrs. Rosen awaits me, raved-haired and beautiful. Her husband kidding-around have any particular worth whatsoever), he tells the class thatshows up one daï to teach us to draw a star. lt has never occurred to me shr Illy story is better than evermne. else's, that he's giving me the frst A + he'shas a husband. l lmagine her waiting for me to grow up to have her for my ' ever given, and he asks me if l would like to come forward and read myown. Teach us to (lraw a star? Everybody knows how to draw a star. , story aloud to the class. '
éut Mrs. Rosen's husband doesn't teach us to draw just any star. He ' I am tenified! Pal4 of my tenor is simple stage fright; part, fear of hav- !; '
teaches us to draw a four-pointed, three-dimensional star that appears to rise ' illg my secret self publicityjudged. But, Mr. Samuelson beckons me forward '!out of a Ilat piece of paper, something called an optical illusion. lllld he is a man whose entire demeanour says: Don't be afraid of anything. )
Into Mrs. Rosen's class one day slouches a lank'y lady with ray-gun eyes So l take my stoly from him, and'in the space of 20 minutes of inimitable 'Iand skin like polished glass. M iss Barnette is director of the Marching Unit glory and befuddlement, write a sentence across my life: Mark M edoff, you ja group of 20 boys in white ducks and white, short-sleeved shirts who do , llre hereby condemned, for the rest of your days, to expose your secret self !iclose-order drill for fancy school occasions. She also heads the Safety Pa- ( publicly. Itrol, a select dozen sttzdents who get to wear the most extraordinary white 7 ln the first semester of my freshman year at the University of M iami 'bandoliers across their chests and are charged with managing the safe con- there is a Dr. Robert Hively, who has given up a prospering career in optom-duct of children from one side of the busy street in front of the school to the etry to teach literature. H e seem s utterly delighted to be in a classroom withother. In other words, she's in charge of the two most glam orous entem rises tls, charged with salvaging and enhancing another kind of vision, that com-to a boy's mind in Biscapw Elementary School. municated through letters and ideas.
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He has let his curly hair grow somewhat eccentrically for 1958, and 1t jI4 jtle where the trtlth resides, l thirlk l*m writing one of the worst novels
drives a small sports car l crave, which, given, his good size, he appears t qjlltue the advent of the alphabet.
wear arotmd his waist. He teaches me to think beyond generalities. This ' I am also confused. l don't see how, just because l've fnished graduate
not easy to give up, especially when, at 18, l am armed with too little knowl .tyjltxll, I7m suddenly supposed to be a ççgrown-up.'' l'm a kid, unformed andedge and intellecmal dexterity to give specifcs. But it is with Profess Sjljùjyjklrmed
, the antithesis in my mind of what l bave been hired to be: aHively that I see lucidly for the first tirrie with what ease or lack of thoughtl trarlyer
. W hat do I know to teach?how peo diously, one can label someone or something unfairly, incomplete 'rhere are teachers at New M exico State University who teach me
. In1y, disastrously.
, npy first semester, I become friendly with a professor of English namedDr. Helen Garlinghouse-loing looks and sounds as if she came to us di Jkjljjl Hadsell who is deeply involved in something called the Las Cruces
rectly from her specialty, the Victorian Era. ln the second semester of m ( 'llyllmunity Theater. He says to me one day, HW hy don't you write a play,freshm' an year, this seemingly remote and formal scholar with the bun an ujytj we'll put it on?'' I do and that first play
, a then one-acter called thethe ankle-length rayon dresses is my advanced-composition teacher. She's wllger
, eight years later opens in New York under the same title, this timestickler for grammar, for specifcs. She considers my use of the dash - whic ($x a three-act play
. The teaching gift John gives me is as great as the put-I hold to be ttcreative'' - to be absolutely barbaric. jtllg on of my Erst play: A teacher has to be totally unafraid of what he
I ambush her boldly after class one day and announce deliantly that 1'ni jljight find out in the cottrse of teaching something he thinks he already@ - '.bored with the assignments, and ask if l can write a short story for the next jjllly comprehends
.. j. ,.yweek instead of the assigned paper. Her eyes bore into me, reading what in! Arline Belkin and Tom Erhard, colleagues now in the university s thea-
side 1 can't imagine: <tI don't know if you çcan'y'' she says, ttbut you may: tre-arts department, are role models of 20 years' standing. Through a11 tlzel
,tly '' and she smiles. At me. ' Ncluesters l watch Tom teach, I never see any lessening in him of the love of
At one o'clock in the morning the day after I t'ul'n in my short stoly my; wllat he's teaching or the love of classroom exchange - the teacbing of theroommate and I are awakened by the telephone. l wonder instinctively whichr sttydents and the smdents' continual teaching of the teacher. His com mitmentf my parents - or is it my brother? - has died. lnstead of death, there is ai' is a way of living a life.o
) the other end of the line the sepulchral voice of Dr. King bearing life: ' Arline Belkin, a kitty cat disguised as a panthe yr takes me back to M issçç ' thing more I can teach you about writing. I'm passing you ona'' f j jarnette and Mrs. Waller. l learn from her that there's no diffrrence in being' There s no ,
Extraordinary: to be passed on. To W illiam Fred Shaw, teacher of a legl ' 11 parent at home or in the classrrom, that there is an irrevocable responsibil-1
. iting. For 3% years of college and for years of ity in both roles. And it is she who admonishes me constantly to push my-endary course in creative wr) frustrating young adulthood beyond, Fred Shaw taunts, cajoles, devastates, . self', to go boldly, even recklessly, wherever l dare. '
and encourages me. In 1972, l return to Miamy Beach High School to speak to the drama
And he teaches me most of what little l know about writing, the chief ' rlass. Afterwards, I ask the drama teacher if any of my English teachers are
' rite 0 into other work; still there. Irene Roberts, he tells me, is in classjust down the hall. l'd like to ithings being: Read, write and if you don t hqve to w , g : jthe years of frustration and rejection an aspiring writer will face are not say something to her, l say: but I don't want to pull her from a class. Non- . '.1worth endtlring tmless one is unequivocally committed. . sense
, he says, she'll be dellghted to see me.This slightly stooped man with terret eyes and a laugh like volleying ba- The drama teacher brings Miss Roberts into the hallway where stnndszookas seems able to make each of us feel he's the only smdent Fred Shaw : lhis 32-year-o1d man she last saw at 18. çtl'm M ark M edoffs'' l tell her. tlYouhas and that he has little more in life to do than foster that individual's growth. were my Grade XIl English Teacher in 1958.': She cocks her head at m e, asHe is still, aside from my parents, the single strongest inquence in my life. if this angle might conjtzre me in her memory. And then this writer, nrmed
As a young man, Fred Shaw Gught as a cow college called New Mexico : with a message he wants to deliver in some perfect torrent of words, can't
state University in Las Cruces. W hen I'm ready to leave Stanford Universi- : deliver anything more memorable than this: :tI want you to know,'' he says,
ty graduate school in 1966, it's Fred who arranges for me to follow in his ' tçyou were important to me.'' ,footsteps. And there in the hallway
, this slight and lovely woman, now nearing re- iIn Las Cnzces, 1 am an instnzctor of English. I write prose and almotmce . tirement age
, this teacher who doesn't remember me, begins to weep; and .that 1'11 pttblish a novel soon. l convince several people of this, though deep she encircles ine in her arms
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have a sense at last of this: Everythinr l ( ( x) ;Remembering this moment: 1 tsyjts, to my clul. çu p) l 0 11)1know everything l will ever pass on to my Stuwill ever
, jnj ,lays is an inseparable part of an onkodren, to the people who see my p : (j wonder aj L j Ld frailty and curioslty and fear - of ottr sharelegacy of our share
h we fnd ottrselves, of otlr eternal hope tllat ,the peculiar predicament in whic
ke ourselves better. ' .-We must ma jj jj j jj (jy j yg gg a gggjgyher arms and through her tears whis. l k olrene Roberts holds me briefy inçtthank you.'' And then, with the briefest of looks int:ers against my cheek, 'P
turns to what-ace, she disappears back into her classroom, re gj-ore us Maker, 1et him fall intomy forgotten , - , He that sins bds of days through all the years ot my ansence. ' tjje hand oj- the physician
.she has done thousanbe those were, after all, just the right words to say tOn rellection
, may mbu (Apocryphal: Eccusiasticusbe they are the very words l would like spoken to mlrene Roberts. M ay dent: 1:l want you to know you were imposome day by some returning stu,, à LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABINGtant to me.
''Reader 's Digest ''(Fromk 1. Readinj and Cnmprehensinn Tasks
1. The fnllcwing wnrds are essential fnr tlnderstanding and discussinj the mainideas nf the text. Learn the meaninj and prnnunciatinn cf these wnrds.
Nouns ;self-denial (Iselfdllnalclj the practice of not doing or having the thingsiytlu enjoyseverit'v gsl'verotll strict. stern or tmkind treatment
p krbs !(Iismiss gdlsdmls) to refuse to consider someone's idea, opinion etc.glisten ('gllsnl to shine and look wet and oilyt ltump (0Amp) to hit someone vel'y hard with your hand closed.'Ltljectives
' ;kI)t (œpt) having a tendency to do smth; likelysllbmissive gsob'mlslv) always willing to obey someone j'
jvicious ( vljbsj violent and dangerous and likely to hurt someone j'
j#' d lhe text carefully and dn the tasks that fnllnw. i. : . Ilca
7f- fo & a fncfn:' r' 11e point 1 want to develop is that the modern doctor's business is an
t'xtrem ely simple one, which could be acquired in about hvo weeks.l ltI'k lu the way it is done.
l'lle patient enters the consulting-room . EçDoctory'' he says? ç1I have a bad !' '' ttW here is it?'' lçl-lere.'' ç<stand up,'' says the doctor, tçand put yotlr ij ' ! l l l l
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'' Then the doctor goes behind the patient and ? 1 ie beats the patient Iarms up above your head.
ikes him a powerful blow in the back. ttl;o you feel that?'' he says. ççl do,'fl.. 1t. because this is the only way he can fnd out where the pain is.str ,
the patient. n en the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a leh 1'. because he is a vicious man.sayshook tmder the heart.. Kfan you feel that,'' he says viciously, as the patient j .j,jae doctor is going to call on the patient every morningfalls over on the sofa in a heap. GGet up,'' says the doctor, and cotmts ten. . treat him with utmost care
.1, . toThe patient rises. The doctor looks him over very carefully without speak- t, to m ake the patient tell him what he is acmally i11 with.ing, and then suddenly fetches him a blow in the stomach that doubles him ' 'up speechless. The doctor walks over to the window and reads the moming 4 'rhe doctor's advice on the patient's diet is promptedpaper for a while. Presently he tllrns and begins to mutter more to himself a. by his deep concern about his health.than the patient. 4<H11m!'' he says, 4% ere's a slight anaesthesia of the tympa- b. by his own physical state.num.'' lçls that so?'' says the patient, in an agony of fear. EtWhat can I do '
'' çtW e1l '' says the doctor, tçl want you to keep very quiet, ',
S *'. The döctor gives recommendations about drinkingabout it
, doctor? ,'11 have to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet.'' In reality, of cotlrse, a. depending on the time of the day.you ,doctor hasn't the least idea what is wrong with the man; but he does b. depending on the patient s drinking habits.the
know that if he will go to bed and keep quiet, awfully quiet, he'll either getquietly well again or else die a quiet death. Meantime, if the doctor calls E Il
. Text Features and Languaje Fpcusevery morning and thllmps and beats him, he can keep the patient submis-sive and perhaps force him to confess what is wrong with him. ,1 Exaggeration '
HW hat about the diet, doctor?'' says the patient, completely cowed. ' *-The answer to this question varies very much. lt depends on how the
doctor is feeling and whether it is long since he had a meal himself lf it is The author open uses words andphrases thatproduce an cf/èc/ ofexag-late in the m oming and the doctor is ravenously htmgzy he says: ççoh, eat geration. This is one ofthe language devices serving to convc.p the au-plenty, don't be afraid of it; eat meat, vegetables, starch, glue: cement: any- thor 's humorous attitude to the subject-mattc e.g...thing you like.'' But if the doctor has just had llmch and if h1s breathlng is phe aoctor strikes him apowerful blow;short-circuited with huckleberrppie, he says very fnnly: ççNo, I don't want he says viciously
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to eat anything at all; absolutely not a bite' it won't hurt you, a little self- '''y0u :denial in the matter of eating is the best thing ln the world.''
tçAnd what about drinking?'' Again the doctor's answer varies. He may . Iuck 'out the words and phrases which create the effect of exag-say: çtoh, yes, you might drink a glass of lager now and then, or, if you qre- gerationfer it, a gin and soda or a whiskey and Apollinaris, and l think betore golng ='to bed I'd take a hot Scotch with a couple of lllmps of white sugar and a bit ; - in the scene of the doctor's examining the patient',f lemon-peel in it and a good grating of nutmeg on the top.'' The doctor - in the passage about the doctor's advice on food and drink.osays this with real feeling, and his eye glistens with the plzre love of his pro-fession. But if, op the other hand, the doctor has spent the night before at a j s Ranforcing vocabular
.vlittle gathering of medical friends he is very apt to forbid the patient to touch : *alcohol in any shape, and to dismiss the subject with great severity. L . Translate these sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text.
(From 'Ter/cc/ Lover 's Guide and Other Stories '' by Stephen Leacock) ) j ou c'rapaeTcs èepkcamb aeTe; d nocaytualnuu, 3arlyrHBas HX.
2. CauoompeqeHue He BXOAHT B HHCJIO erO JIHHHMX KaIICCTB. I3. check pur cemprehensinn by nsing the right allernative tn ccmplete the sen- ï 3. rrgasag're ocmaau.u aay TeMyp, - cxaaarf .quroyll:l cypoao.
tentes. '! 4 Eczm oH He 3aMOJIHHT, J1 ##J#Y ero.
5. OH o6pamazlcx c JIeTBMH c Gozlsmo; tnypoeocmsm. '1. The doctor
. 6. Hexow psle co'rpymlHxH cv onnu npHxoztH'rs B noHeaenszlux Ha pa6o'rya. diagnoses the case at once.b. is ignorant about the cause of his complaint. n03;lHO. Il
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.7 Ilosepxuoc'rs oxpa 6aecmwla npu JIyHIIOM cseTe. 5. Doing something you really enjoy means you get a chance to take att i '' PeOP1e who don't do this feel depressed8
. Ou 6sm uasecTeu xax Hezlosex c nopoqusw u Haxnouuoc-zxMu. illcllk and recharge yotlr batter es .l then their problems seem bigger and they can no longer put them into.1
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. -1 spective.j1t111. Fnllnw-up Activity 6. If- you think negatively, stress can take over, but if you keep remind-
illg yourself that you can cope and that you know what you are doing, stress@ Recall a funny episode from your or someone else's experience of jtkrn goes away
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1being treated by a doctor. y you can't change them so why wony? W ork on the things you can doi ntdllldhing about.7 8 Find out about new things: two cliches that people often quote are fEva-LESSON B
. PRACTICE TEST . ,, (j ua change is as good as a rest''. The good news is. I iety is the spice of life anRead the text and match the headings (A-J) with the cnrrecl pieces nf advice dlpllt they are both tnze. Realising that the world holds a 1ot more possibilities0-10). tllan the things you generally focus on can make you forget yolzr problems.
' 9. Telling people about your problenu can ollen help. This way you will feelA. Stop wonying about things you can't change. jess isolated. You should also tell people such as teachers or boyfriends/girl-B. Look aûer yourself. ..k (ks or pmvnts how skessed you feel about certain things. Once they realise11 enC. Commtmicatç. j ou jkel they rnight be able to help, e.g. proving to parents that you are1ow yD. Remember to h>ve fun. ,
' ther thm1 shouting it at them during atl argument often helps.Ikdult and mature raE. Organise and prioritise. 1(j
. yjyjtj somewhere where you have space to think, rest and generally
R TU new things. jAijj out. You should also use this space to write down some possible solutionsCG. Take charge and be pro-active. h jo tjw thkss that are stressing you. Then write down possiblr ways you can doH . Don't procrastinate. . ' jaose things. Attacking the problem is better than waiting for it to just go away.t.1. Breathe!
(From ''Timesaver Reading Lessons '?J. Stay positive.
JA'>J 'flö- Tzw Ega The past and the Present
Although stress can sometimes be a good thing because it gives you the motivation to dobest, it can have a harmftll effect on you mentally and physically. If it continues for Formerly, when religion was strong and sci-your
ence weak, men mistook magic for medicine;too long, it can cause slçeplessness, anxiety, mood swings, depression and illness. Here nOW, When science is strong and religion weak,are 10 ways to combat excess stress.
men mistake medicine for magic.1. By doing this you will feel in control and decide which things are Thomas Szasz
more urgent and inïportant. Feeling prepared can get rid of a 1ot of stress.Much stress is caused by doing things when there isn't enough time to dö ' c
: LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABINthem, e.g. revising everything you have learned the night before a test. .
2. Instead of worrying about doing something or avoiding it because you jcn yasksd Of doing it (in case you fail) -just do it! The sooner you také ac- 1. Be3dinl 311d Comprehellsare scaretion, the more time you will have if anything goes wrong. js are essential fcr understanding and discussinj the main1
. The fnllnwing Wnr3. Keepipg your body healthy reduces stress. Cut down on too much caf- uarn the meanjnj and prcnunciaticn nf these wcrds
.ideas nf the text.feine and sweet things. M ake sure you get enough sleep and vitam in C.4. Deep breathing works because getting more oxygen into your body re- Nouns
laxes you. You can eithertnke up yoga or simply try breathing in deeply through boon Ebum) smth favolzrable, a helpyour nose then exhaling tllrough your mouth, and then repeat it ten times. contempt (kon'tempt) lack of respect
counsel g'kaunsal) becoming or rare advice'hlndronsq smth or smb that hinders 20 ZfINI'f'O/ 1887hindrance g My dear Cllild,
YCOS ' The idea was frst foreed upon my attention by a valued lady frienddespise gdl'spalz) to regard as worthless, low, bad, etc. ,,1. the family (Miss Donaldson) who was a sufferer from a most pain-force gfo:s) to use bodily force or strong inquence on 1(11 disease requiring surgical intervention. She asked me whether, as lPursue gpo'sju:j to follow smb in order to catch, kill or defeat : llktd health, leisure and cultivated intelligence, it was not a positive
'd ktj te refuse to aecept tjtlty to devote them to the service of suffe' ring women.reject (rI 5eresolve grl'zolvl to make a detennined decision The thought of studying medicine was to me so utterly repugnantSubdue Escb'dju:q to gain control of, to conquer tllat l instantly put it aside and tried to forget it. l had always despised
' the body, as the greatest hindrance to a1l that l most valued. l dislikedAdpctives j, t xjated to otlr physical organization, even studies incvezything t afierce (flosj angly violent and cnlel jyatttral histow were antipathetic to me. I cannot at a11 trace the sourceimproper Elm'propoj not suitable whence I der-ived this contempt for the body, but l well remember try-indignant fln'dlgnontl expressing or feeling surprised anger ine as a child to subdue my body. When going to school in New Yorkrepugnant (rl'pagnanq feeling strong dislike l '-had tried to go without food for days, and had tried to sleep on the
' bare floor . .. This spirit of asceticism and deep-rooted opposition to
2- Practise the prnntmciatian nl thase inte?natianal wards. the conditions of hllman existence was rudely shocked by Miss Don-ldson's prayers that I should become a physician.
I aantipathetic (jœntlpo oetlkj (k tlwrefbre wrote to six well-known physicians in different parts ofascetic (o'setlk) he u s. tbr cotmsel as to whether it would be a good thing for a ladyt
.barrier ('bxrloj to become a physician and, if so, what cottrse she should pursue. Theenthusiasm gln'oju:zllazm) replies receiv-ed were identical in substance. A1l agreed that a thorough-
l ualifed woman physician would be a great boon to society; but al1y q3 Read the text carefully and dn tlle tasks that fnllcw. equally agreed that it was impossible for a woman to become an equallyducated physician, and that it would be foolish and even impropere
X PnfI6r to attempt such a cottrse. These answers made a great impression upon' ted the tirst part and rejected the second part of the counsel.me
. I accepBackground Information I reasoned that if a thing was a great good, in itself, there must be some
Elizabeth Blackavell lived from 1821 to 1910 and way of doing it - and I would do it! I was yolmg, strong, accustomedrlt) ,,
was the tirst woman to gain a degree in modem med- to smdy, and l needed an absorbing occupation.') i Y'p( @ icine in the United States of America. She was acci- This tklt need of engrossing occupation and effbrt requires a sta-.z jbvv,v-'t
'--l#jyî ; dently accepted to study at a college in New York by t ot- ope of the chief reasons which hnally decided my work.,, , temenjjjijtf, i! the medical authorities who thought her female lirst jj tjw medical career was suggested to me l was''7 ke Or a spelling eror
. At that vel'y time w en
name was ajo (jriencing Fn lmusually strong stnlggle between attraction towar sWhen she qualifed as a doctor she was often OXPClaughed at and ignored by other doctors as well as a highly educated man with whom l had been very intimately thrown
inct perception that his views were too nan'ow and rigid,the public. The whole idea of a woman doctor was and the distfelt to be tsimmoral'' and ttshocking'' in the 19th to allow of any close and ennobling companionship.
à j.j t weakened me, andj, j' centuly j g ew indignant With myself at a Stnlggle t a(E ' : Elizabeth never manied but in'stead she adopted resolved to take a step that 1 hoped might cut the lcnot 1 could not tm tie
' h lled Kitty Barly The letter below was s )1 mental freedom : l fnally made up my m ind to devotean orp an ca'lqk,. written to Kitty when Elizabeth was in her 60s and 311t1 S0 recover
''' had retired from medicine. . m yself to medical study, w
74 75
q -
insuperable barlier between myself and those disturbing influences, tl Give mcre details abctlt:
which I could not wisely yield to, but could not otherwise stifle. l long , je,s physical organisation and her as-retained a btmch of nowers which had passed between us done un in a l Clizabeth s repugnance to peop
Packet which 1 sentimentally but in all sinceriw labelled Jvotm e fove's Cdic experiences;last dream'. = -' '7' tlle counsel she received',l look back now with real pity at the inexperience of that enthusias- thC jtldfement that she ultimately formed;
tic young girl who thus hoped to stifle the master passion of human the kind Of stnlggle with her female nature she went tllrough.existence. But it was then a very truthf'ul effort
, and after som e weeks(jf lierce m ental contest, I drew a deep breath of relief and prepared for 11. Text Features and Lanjuage Focusthe fresh departtzre in life.
,.t. 'lèxt Cohesion
(From ''Read to Write Well ') /'t,mg aphs in a /ax/ are connected semanticallv by the overall topic and4. chnnse the right alternative tn cnmplete the fcllcwing sentences
. 'llc'zenerdlcommunicatiMepurpose ofthe fGf. Quite O/dn there arespecialrt/r?gzftzgc sivals oflinking, Le. cohesion, such as for instance, the use of
1. Miss Donaldson, a friend of the familv the same or similar wtprJx in the a4acentparts ofthe text. Obviously thea. was an educated lady; - vemantic connection between theparav aphs in such cases is closerb. was in good health; 'c. needed a m edical operation.
At first Elizabeth Blackwell hated the thoueht of ttnrlvincr mozll-l-- * Rfffad tbe text and identify the type of language devices serving tobecause of her dislike for anything to doowith t-h--
e UuAcml 'Mn Wb Q'o 'dl';*'U BDk the adjacent paragraphs. Choose from the given lijt promptsa.b because of-M iss oonaldson-s prayers; ' to fill in the clzart below:
c. because as a child she had tried to go without food. a) the use of a conjunction or a parenthetical word indicating the logicall elations between the paragraphs;Th
e replies she received from the letters she wrote to the 6 physicians b) the use of a pronotm replacing a thing, person or a notion mentioneda. were all different; .ttitrlier, .b
. were all alike', j-the preceding para-c) the use of the same wordts) in the last sentence oc. were a11 encolzraging her to become a doctor. raphs and the first sentence of the following paragraph',1
:!,
4. She decided to become a doctor d) repetition of a wordts) used somewhere in the immediately precedinga. because of the physicians' clear advice; Paragraph (but not in its last sentence) or in an earlier paragraph;b. despite the physicians' advice; e) no special lexical signals of linking.c. because there weren't any wom en doctors in the USA and she wanted .
to be the frst. aragraphsdegree P
Elizabeth Blackwell had been of linking 1-2 2-3 3...4 y-s 5-.6a. involved with an educated but narrow-minded man;
ab. deeply in love but her family stopped the relationship; .c. deeply tied to one man because she loved him so much.
b
Elizabeth za. regretted giving up the man she loved to study medicine; db. chose to study medicine as a way to become mentally and socially free;c. wished she had retained the bunch of qowers from her great admirer
. C
77
j '
B. Formal and Informal Language , . - (jjertjves !' Nouns Verbs A
As the text wtz.ç written more than one hundred years ago some ()y the , Super
Ianguage will seem rather old-fashioned tznaytvpw/.Company
* M atch the formal and informal words or phrases from the col- PWCYVC
umns below: ' kWea
1) surgical intervention a) stop from continuing '- ' '2) cultivated intelligence b) therefore . ;) M
atcj tjje wcrds frcm the twn cnlumns the way they are ccmbined in the text.3) trace the source c) worthwhile relationship xake pur cwn sentences with snme nf the cnllocatinns.4) whence d) an operationx5) Comuel e) kept for a long time a) to trace a deep breath of relief=k'x7 CPWSIH t) a good education to force a barrier
1) lmproper g) from where to attempt a step8) ennobling companionship h) gjve into to pttrsue the source
9) thus i) find the cause to take an ideal0) yield to j) advice to place a course11) stiqe k) shocking or unacceptable to draW12) long retained 1) carry out
b) thoroughly repugnant Lrudely qualifed ït): R
einforcing Vocabulary utterly shocked!1. Lcck at the wnrds in the chad and Iill the apprcpriate bnxes with the wnrds fmm :.9 yranslate the Inllnwing sentences intn English. ,the text related tn them
. Make sure ynu knnw the meaninj nl aII the derivatives.
-
I . HeaocTaTolc YHHaHCMPOMHHS (funding) 6bIJI CePBe3HBIM npenRm- .Ntmns Verbs Adjectives Cm*tle.M JI.11S BMIIOJIHCHHS HCCJICJIOMHHS.
2. OH npe3llpaem XHTPOCTB H JICCTIP KaK CIIOCOWI 3aBOeBaTb PaCIl0JIO7Ke-custom seua. iHHe Hy-lloro BaM Hezlo
3 Cnacaerenu ocrraBHnH Haaeeay nalïm u rlldtlhl IIPOFIaBIIIHX anbrl#l- ' !noble HucTos
. .
intervene 4. l'lonlmlu cufwnayckupumb PA%SPeHHJO TOJIHY. lrii5. OHa npoèoaincaaa cBolo Kapbepy c Gonbllloii peltlllsfoc'rblo. ,II
root ' 6. Enella om aepezla noMoms GpaTa.' :
i 7. OH noqTH 3aèoxnyac,n OT BBIXJIOIIHBIX ra3OB.sincerc j!8
. M 3PH npllnllllapeltteRtle, HTO 0Ha FIOHBITaCTCS CHPRBHTBCS C CHTN IJH- .:truth jj svensuo. /e caMoc'ro
9. 51 Haxollcy ero B3rnylasl omspamumrlbnbtMu. i.!B'OSS 10 Xappue'r nezotsocaaa no nosoay Toro, qTo o Heii Mornu noayMa'rs
oppose ' nnoxo. 21l l 1. OH Ben ce6, nenoèo6amuju.u o6paaoM.
:1: . i
79 I!
. !
1.
111. F0Il0W-Up Activity ? lI1 Montreal the parents of affected children !1l. insisted On their children being isolated;
* Prepare to discuss the following: b. tried to prevent their forcible isolation.
W hy do you think women were considered lmtit as doctors? Have $ Milkmaids who were infected with cowpox ,views on this subject changed considerably? What are the modern trends ' ' :î. inevitably developed smallpox;
women's employment in the medical profession? . b. escaped contracting smallpox.
'
. j, ,j 'goday's vaccinia vinzsLESSON B. PRACTICE TEST a
. originated from cowpox virus;b. was invented by accideny.Read the text and check pur
cnmirehensinn W chnnsing the rijht allernative tIete the senlences (1-6). 5. The teclmology of freeze-dlyingccmp
.akes it possible to apply the vaccine in all parts of the world,'x a. m
J- ;?.- Ttifatifor. mT,' b. requires a long time to prepare a vaccine.(,. People4 uspicion
, fear and hostility have long thwarted attempts to contro) readily accepted vaccination;a.smallpox. In 1885 some resistance occured in Montreal when affected. j) were hard to persuade it was for their good.children were forqibly removed from their parents and placed in isolation. ' -
For thousands of years smallpox, an accepted fact of life that killed millionsand often blinded or disligtlred survivors, was as dreaded as plague or chol- j rh-'g rjqrj yuyqatqqjqg M jjjjgns . !* spread it through Europe. Conquistadores*' and t LHJ llldlnera. Retunzing Cnlsaderscolonists infected the lndians of the Americas;
Then a curious fact emerged: milkmaids who contracted cowpox were ' g.Ess0N A. INTENSIVE REABINGspared smallpox
. ln 1796 English physician Edward Jenner applied thatknowledge by scratching material from cowpox into the arm of a healthy j n
eajjnj and ccmirehension Tasksboy. W hen exposed to smallpox virus, he was protected. That cowpox virus -
was the historical antecedent of today's vaccinia vinls. : 1 yje jcjlcwjnj wcrds are essential fcr underStandinq the main ideas Bt the text.. Immlmity is still conferred by vaccination. For the global campaign, the - Learn their prcnuncialinn and meaninj
. .technology of freeze-drying gave vaccine long life at assured potency
. Field .kits were simplifed so that laymen could easily administer vaccine
. But NollnsAIDS (eldzl Acquired lmmunity Defciency Syndromeworkers had to employ chalnn, guile, ire, or shame to convince some pa-
1 1 j j:j uuman Immune Denciency Virtzsit ' lIlV E eltf al Vtience to subm . I (j oj-tîme when a sick person/animaluarantine ( kworonti:nl a perio .F
,(From 'National Geographic '' by Dr DonaldA. Henderon) : ls kept separate from othersl
Verbs1. Attempts to control smallpox were ! 1 t (a person or group) as worse/bet-discriminate (dIS krlmlndltl to trea .a. stimulated by suspicion and fear;
ter than others .b. hampered by these feelings. 1 kju:tj to treat cnzelly; cause to suffer (esp. for reli- 'pcrsecute ( y3:SI I
, giotls Orpolitlcal 'Yliex) .* cnlsader (kru: seldz) - a participant of wars fought by Christian armies against the ,
,Muslims in the 1 1+ - 17th centuries. ' Adjectives ')' '
ful E dlsrl'spektfal) lacking respect for smn or for smth i** conquistador (kon kwlstado:) - a Spanish conqueror of Mexico and Pem in the disrespect I .lBth Ccntury.
. ineffective (plnl'fektlv) not effective; which does not produce any result' $'
q80 ) 8 l: .
&. ,
I
legal ('li:gol) allowed or made by law, lawful , s(1 ('ar only Cuba has a specific 1aw to quarantine people with HlV in- lunjust (An'dsast) not in accordance with what is right and tnze fyt tttln. ln'most developed countries such a 1aw as this would be thought of
' :. 11,1jt1st and useless. First of all tlae antibody test does not show everyone2. Nnte the prcnunciatinn cl the wnrds tn dn with medicine.
wlli' ls HlV positive and secondly it would be di/cult and expensive, if notil,,l,t,ssible, to provide a11 the resources to house, feed, guard and isolate al1
antibody f'antl bodlj jttysq, jnscted.l (
'
, bioteclmology gjbalatek'nolodsl) ; surelv. the tareet of laws and policies should be the behavior that spreadsbubonic plague (bju:lbomk 'plelgj ' yjjj. (jisea 's J and n Jt the individual with the disease. Laws which focus on in-
i be unjust, tmfair and discriminating. That' itivitfuals or groups in soc ety can3. Read the text carefully and dn the tasks that fnllnw.
i. wlly a policy of quarantine has been quite rightly described as a cnzel andt lllll'ealistic method to prevent the spread of AIDS.
X-Z #/'/' lfnn> Even in countries with democratic political systems, governments feel%' lllt! pressure to do something against the threat of AIDS becoming a majorhere are limits to what the 1aw can and should do in response to AIDS. ,' t'I'itlemic, and it is so easy to bring in laws against particular minority
1 v.
t never stops surprising me how othem ise intelligent peoole assllme glt'ups. F0r example', immigrants, prisoners, drug users and prostimtes arethat wnen society has a problem, a11 it needs do is make a new faw and the ltt't powerf'ul enough to stop th' e lawmakers from making laws discrimi-problem will be solved. 2 jt:yting against them. Bringing in laws about AIDS may make some people
v.lf
,W
x
e look back in histozy at the laws which were introduced to cone t'eel better, but such laws will make very little diflkrence in controlling epi-
Witnw
eanler eqidemics - such as smallpox and the plaaue - we can clearrlv $!emiCS. At this point in time, control of this disease must depend on educa-See tnat there ls a problem. Not only were the laws o fen tenibly cruel b 'ut tit'n. This is where the solution must lie, in educating commtmities, riskgenerally ineflkctive. one common action developed in Italy in the 14th VFOtIPS and evel'y individual.century, was quarantine. Quarantine was then followed by a series of other (From ''Read to Write Well')laws. This included using force to remove people who were infected
, mak-ing plague baniers, using nres to purify public places and was often an ex- 4
. check ynur ccmprehensinn W tlsing the riqht alternative tn ccmplete the sen-
cuje to attack and persecute immigrants. unces.King Philip of France truly believed that blasphemy' - saying disre-
spectful things about God - had brought the bubonic plague to his cotmtly ' ' The Writer feelsT3 Stop thiF disease he passed a 1aw which ordered the extraction nf tnnrrv'oc, A' it is intelligent to think that new laws will solve the problems in society;f a11 blasphemers. %'- *M'M*t*h''' ; b. amazed that normally intelligent people can believe that laws willo Over the xcentttries, spying, imprisonment and taking awav civil rlcrhtc, SOWe Society's problems',
= ' - ' -- ***X''*-' C Surprised that people do not believe that new laws will solve society'shave all been introduced by various legal means to prevent diseases spread- ' problem s. Iing. As late as 1832 in Pa 'ns, countless innocent people suffkring from the -terrible disease of cholera, were htmg by frightened mobs. . 2. History has shown us
ln this age of computer sci8nce and biotechnology, can we do better? a. that people in the 14th century Italy were crtzel because they did not
Only if we realise that laws have a limited eflbct.as a response to AIDS and manage to stop epidemics with quarantine-,that laws will only be effective if they are built upon good information con- b.that laws dealing with epidemics have not been successful;
Cerning AID S and how it is transmitted.
we must also recoqnise the neeative C. that laws, such as quarantine, which have been used in the past have
effects of some laws - for example those that limit the su Wpplies of co Qoms Created baniers to epidemics.or the availability of sterile needles for dnlg users. tkpuriàing sres'' were j
a. :res which were believed to clean the air of disease;*blasphemy ('blœsfaml) - someiing you say or do +at is insulting to God or people's b. fires which were used to build a bartier against the plague',
religious beliefs. b yutc. fires where m inorities were u . I
( j82 k 83 '
' 'I' '(
'
' j
4. King Philip of France believed blasphemy brought the plague and #: Ittkilforcing Vocabularya. he made blasphemers speak in special tongues; .b. he took out the tongues of al1 blasphemers', , 1, llere is a Iist cf wnrds and phrases frcm the text Write a sentence ta define theirhe made a11 blasphemers wash their tongues in special liquid
. , meaninç in the textn e first 0ne is dnne fcr p u. 1C.
. ;5. ln Paris in 1832 ' . the plague or bubonic plague: 'a. only a few people were hung by the mobs; t 'I'his w55' 61 li.çclld Spread :# rJ/'V tmd dirt A'ith f7 highfeMer D?'#NWtW-b. a number of people were htmg by the mobs; ' ings in the /7tW.
1', tlsutm.y rd-vlf/fi'l& in YCJW
C' SO many people were htmg by the mobs that they cazmot be counted. :,
' * Otherwise intelligent. common aqtion6
. Today it is important to . an excusea. tmderstand the behaviour of people with AIDS; . pass a law jb. realise that AIDS can have negative eFects on laws;
. . take away civil rights 'c. understand exactly how the risk of AIDS can be increased and :E * focus on smthlessened. . bring in laws
7. Finally the wrifar believes that ' . tlawmakers could introduce laws to help control Alos if they were not 2' ' Provide an adeluate translaticn fnr the fnllcwing ccllccatinns.a.
' ' inority group Emal'norltl ,grtz:pl ldiscriminating; civg rights ( slval ralts) mb. any positive changes in the present simation must be made throuph dnzg user ('drag ju:zo) risk poup ('rlsk lgru:pleducation', m -
c. educating the lawmakers to be less enthtksiastic would help to control 1 Match the wcrds in the cnlumns nn the rikht with their spnnyms cr antnnyms nnthe situation. - the Ieft
. ;
'
unjust unsophisticated11 Text Features and Languaje Fncus ' persecute victimize .
innocent majorityW. Text Organisation legal send
ify lawfulpttr :
' transmit refmeBeing a closely-knit semantic en/j/
.y in j/xcg eachparagraph at the same minority illegal
time contributes to the overall contentspeyorming a specpc m/c in the ' Egeneral semantic structure ofthe whole text. . 4. Translate these senlpnces inln English.
1. He Clleaye'r 6bITb HaCTOJIBKO RtIII6HbINM, Y1TO6M BePHTb BCCMY, IITO r0-Bopx'r nozlHerylxH.
* Look back at the text and answer the questions suggested below.
2. EBponeiiclcle Y Muepanm bl B ABcTpanllll HMCIOT BO3MOIKHOCTb HH THpa6o'ry H xcMzlbe.1
. W hat is the writer doing in the frst paragraph? W hat do we leam abotut his 3. HasecTuo, u'ro Tonozl, oquwamm Bo3ayx B AxHnblx Ksap'ranax ropoaa.
position on this subject? 4 uoumuu ue aorlycxarlu B Kny6. :.)To 6bI.qo ueaaKonno, Ho aahflm HcTpa-2 The writer tries to involve the readers in his argum ent
. How does he do ' ' ult;l He o6pamazla Ha aTo BHHMaHM .
this? Circle any words which have this ftmction.
. ' 5. H ecnpaeeèauao xpylrruxoBa'rs qezlosexa 3a Te HeaocTa'rlol, Ico'ropBle oH 13. In paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 the wziter gives examples from histozy W lw do ' He MO)KeT IKIRPaBHTB.
1;
you think he does this? - ' 6. Hccneaosauylx noxaaaqu, qTo a'ro'r MeToa npenoaasaulu oxaaarlcyl ne-1k
4. In which paragraphs does the writer state his position on this subject? , 3s#eKmutnblM.'
!84 85
. $h-
7. 0H qyBcrrBoBa.q ce6S luoxo B Koxqemxe H roBoplu, qTo ero npecneztlel H3-3a Ia e'ra er0 KOIKH.
8. Ero cnoBa npo3ByqaaH Koujyncmqenuo.9. BO3MOIKHOCTb nel'eètt6tlmb JOKYMeHTBI IIO TCJICYOHY HMCCT OTKBHZHBblro;>l.
10. Jlloall Bo Bcex c'rpallax 6oploercll 3a co6zlloaeHlse CBOHX zpaNcèallcMp#4J. '
11. B nonb3y npoaon-ezl> 3a6acToBKH nporonocoBallo MenbutuncMHnelloB rlpoYcolo3a.
l2. PemellHe IcoMHTeTa GblJIo HpH3HaHo cyaoM BllonHe 3aKonnbut.
. '
LS =--g),111. FcllùW-Up âctivities -
. Prepare to talk about:- measlzres that were taken in the o1d days against people who hadfectious diseases;
- the ineffectiveness of the quarantine law; .- the proper iargets that laws and policies against AIDS should aim atmodem society.
* Write a paragraph discussing your own attitude to the subject.
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
rnr luesticns 1-6, yotl must chncse which nf the paragraphs (A-G) fit int:numhered gaps in the lnllowinç newspaier adicle. There is nne extra paralrwhich dnes nnt 1it in any cf the gaps. '
' j
o cl-clfF .
If r heart skips a beat when you realise you are about to talk to an answering machyouyou most defnitely aren't alone.
1
Top psychologist Dr David Lewis has examined what lies behindproblem that appears to be peculiar to us Britons, and now offers some setions. Logic points to our typically reserved natttre as the main reason(mr lack of confdence when faced with answering machines. 0111- Americousins certainly have no trouble talking to machines (14 per cent of Amcans have answering machines against two or three per cent in the UK).
86 (
h-11,. are gast problems in dealing with answering maçhines putting offllsrtit' ptltentlal owners - despite the fact that they realise the enonnous ben-#lI4,i'? I lr Lewis has looked at the phenomenon in some depth. He has identi-ti/f l sl x main fears which make ylking to answering machines diëcult, andilflq $'('11)e up with some helgful tlps on how to conquer each.
I cchnophobia is expenenced by people who have an inherent fear ofIltttt lkilles of a11 types. Technophobes can easily be identifed by conversa-$if,IIr; wllich develop in this way: %<He11o, oh no, don't tell me l'm talldng to ai.lpllt'llillt) ... ()ll ... ()ll ... () ft11 rrltl 1) Jt()lt.''
lqtllne people have problems with answering machines because theyh/rlt ctlnstant feedback during a conversation even if only with gnmts of$III$tt'l standing and/or approval.
L'=( ltller people encounter diëculties with machines because they need
tilltt' t() wnrm up to a conversation. This applies to tough calls as well as casu-41 ( ltklts. The machine inhibits them because they feel tmable to ramble on.
I'lle elem ent of time pressure can cause pröblems for some. W onying$IIItl llle machine won't allow enough time for you to say a11 you need canyqllst' Clnxiousness and, in ttu'n, key points of the m essage are forgotten. Inilllq Illstance Dr Lewis suggests imagining the person you want to talk to is41 lllt' tlther end of the phone. He also recommends writing down what youilltelyti to say until you become used to answering machines.
I'Ile realisation that mistakes you make will be recorded on tape canIIIt$I, (' Ileople nervous. This is most likely to occur in those with little confi-tlfltlt't'. I lr Lewis recommends assessing your performance and giving your-ifkll l,tpsitive feedback after leaving a message.
( 't'ncez'n over errors can be a very real fear and is especially likely inpf', fl,It' who always need to be assured that facts and fgttres are fully under-il,'#,(# with a machine, they worry about nmbiguities distorting the message.i## Illlr; case Dr Lewis recommends keeoina the messaae as short as possible,4i1I $ '.l lel ling any tricky words.
(From ''Cambridge AdvancedEnglish ')
87
A. Yet even though there's still only a small nttmber of acttzal owners, overdose ('ouvodouz) too much of a dnlgthird of those questioned admitted they would find it'useful to have
verbsanswering machine at home. , jyous towards doing or obtaining smth
.B Denied this kind of reassuring response, thev tend to lose the thread ' aim at Eelml to direct one s e-
' bewilder Ebl'wlldo) to confusetheir conversations. To overcome this problem, Dr Lewis suggests prac . be the cause of ,ising by speaking into a tape recorder - especially if you are someon Cause Eko:Z1 to lead to, tot
ulp ggalpl to make a sudden swallowing movement as if surprised orwho comes across answering machines at work. V
C. Analyse how you did and, where there was a problem, try to work out FICWOrUS
better way of responding for next time. If you own a machine yoursel OWe LOUI to have to payrogress (prg'gres) to advance', to developlisten to how respondents on your machine leave their messages an P
j esp. jbr pleasmehe best styles. Stroke (stroukl to pass the hand over gent y,copy t , jjj ts oat tyom the mouth 'D Again, by planning calls, trouble can be avoided. The message should b SWallow E SWDI3UI to move food or (II'iI'IIt down e
kept short and simple and you should alwqs include an action which yo Adjectiveswant taken such as ûcall me backp or Gawalt a further call from mep. . brisk gbrlsk) quick and active
,E.' There are now many products on the market, and each new product in. juded (Ifeldld) having lost colotm freslmess, etc.corporates more advanced technology. Several of the newest machines. frayed gfreldq to become thin or worn so that loose threads developfor instance, include a remote tum-on facility that allows you to switch grimy g'gralml) covered with thick black dirtthem on with a simple call from anpvhere in the world. '
F. Recent research conducted for British Telecom reveals that in the so-: 2 study the jcllcwinj medical terms.
called age of technology, a staggeriny 45 per cent of people felt i1l at' -ease when talking to answering machlnes. And a further 30 per cent of? barbiturate (bœlbltjbrot) (n) 6ap6H1ypa'r lo6ea6oau6alouluû npenapamb !
those questioned acmally aamitted rehearsing what they wanted to say syrinpe g'slrlnds) (n) mupuu' jbefbre making a call. swelllng E swellpl (n) onyxonb
G To help these sufferers Dr Lewis recommends planning messages care- S internal growth Elnlta:nal jgrouo) BilyTpeHllee Hosoo6paaoBailHef'ully whenever you need to make a call. lf you are éaught unawares ring 'off, write down the key points - and then redial. You must be sure to 3. Ncte the prnnunciatinn nI the internatinnal wnrds: 'give your name, phone number, the date and the time as well as a brief lmessage. ' Cliché E k1IJeI1
' muscle E'mAslq
IIIEU Facts and âttitudes 4. Read the text carefully and dn the tasks that fnllnw.T oJJAJJ luvTakLESSON A
. INTENSIVE READING , k as a vet-This story is one of a long series of books describing James Herriot s wor
erinary surgeon in North Yorkshire in the 1930s.1. Beading and Comprehensinn Tasks
' Stfoked the 01d dog's head as l tried to collect my thoughts. This wasn't1 . yje jcjjcwjnj wcrds are essenlial fcr understandinj and discussinj the main
.1 going to be easy. ,, tja ojtj mau askedj
vanjyjs mzjszeifralAjemwc htlr!ide3s 01 the text Leam the Peaning and pronuncidtinn 0f lhese Words. <kjs he going to be i11 for long?Nouns thump, th'lmp of the tail at the sound of the loved voice.
?a proach (o'prcut-fl a manner or method of doing smth Bob isn't following me arotmd the house when l'm doing my little jobs.''' fil'm Sorly Mr Dean, but I'm afraid this is somethinj very serious. Youdlstress (dI stresq great suffering, pain or discomfort ( ,muzzle ('mAzl) the gont pazt of an animal's face, with the nose and mouth ' see this large swelling. It is caused by an internal growth.
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ftYbu m ean. ..cancer?'' the little man said faintly. ' l). saw nothing special in the case.til'm afraid so, and it has progressed too far for anything to be do, c. felt that the case would be diëcult.
l wish there was something I could do to help him , butthere isn't.'' !W e 01d man looked bewildered and his lips trembled.
ç<Then he's goi 1 'lYe 01d man looked ... when he learnt that the dog was to die. qto die?'' * ': lt. surprised. !
He Swallowed hard. 6%We can't reallyjust leave him to die, can we? He b' totally confused.in some distress now, but it will soon be an awful 1ot worse. Don't you thi C' embarrassed. !it would be kindest to put him to sleep? After all
, he's had a good, long i j 'rhe o1d man's room .. . !nings
.'' I always aimed at a brisk matter-of-fact approach, but the o1d clich ' icely fum ished
.had an empty ring. a' WaS n. Ib
. had a gloomy look.The o1d man was silent, then he said, lûlust a minute,'' and slowly m! c jooked cheerful.painfully knelt down by the side of the dog. He did not speak, but ran h! 'hand again and again over the gzey o1d muzzle and the ears, while the t $, While the vet stugeon was getting ready for the injection, the o1d man . . .
jthump, thump, thumped on the qoor. a. was caressing the dog.
,He knelt there a long time while I stood in the cheerless room
, my ëye b. was speaking softly to him. ''1tnking in the faded picmres on the walls, the frayed, grimy curtains, the bro , c. was looking painflzlly at the dog.ken-springed nrmchair. '
. . IAt length the o1d man struggled to his feet and gulped once or twiced; 6. AS the needle was inserted, the dog . .. IW ithout looking at me, he said huskily, 4W 1l right, will you do it now?'' a. sprang up and ran away.
1 flled the syringe and said the thjngs I always said. çiYou needn't wony'' b. bit the vet surgeon.this is absolutely painless. Just an overdose of an anaesthetice lt is really . c. became quiet.easy way out for the old fellom '' j
The dog did not move as the needle was inserted, and, as the barbittmate bei' 5. Fccus cn the details cf the narratinn W extendinj the fnllnwing pcints'.gan to flow into the vein, the nnxious expression leû his face and the muscles .bejan to relax. By the time the injection was fmished, the breathing had stopped. * the Obvious poverty of the room where the scene is laid, j
f'ls that it?'' the o1d man whispered. . the emotional state of the dog's master; his hllmble acceptance of the '
EtYes, that's it '' I said. ill'le is out of his pain now-
'' ' ' circllm stances; . '!' 4 . ;The o1d man stood motionless except for the clasping and tmclaspinc of * the dog's devotion to his master'
,his hands. W hen he t'urned to face me his eyes were bright. E<l'hat's right-, we ' . the vet's professional approach and his dealing with the situation;couldn't have 1et him su/er, and 1'm grateful for what you've done. And . the vet's feelings about the case.now what do I owe you for your services, sir?''' à
oh that's a1l right, M r Deaw'' I said quickly. tGlt's nothing - nothing atall. l was passing right here - it was no trouble.'' II. Text Features and Languale Focus
(From ''J./'Oa/y They Could Talk'' by James Herrioo : z,j AchLeping Fmojjtm s/ Cotouring
5. Check your ccmprehensicn W chnnsinj the rijht alternative ln cnmplete these .:'
'
St3lemellts. While reading the text JON Frobdbly NO/YCd that the drfx/fif CVCW 0/ 'the scene is gradually increasing in Jmwd/t The author Jc/oid%'d.ç this Y' 1. The dog . . . ionagy coygred wora anaphra-various means, such as the use ofemot .a
. had a slight ailment.' Ses, repetitions, etc.b
. was badly ill. . d y tye autyor js the use ofepithets de-. W device especiallyfavoure #c. was seriously injured. / tate and tye atmosphere oythe scene. I; scribing aperson k emotiona s 1
2. The vet stlrgeon. . . e.g. frayed, grimy curtains 'a. Wasn't sorry for the o1d man. '
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)'lï)* Go through the text again and try to pick out the words and piraj. ' IlI l:0Ij0W-Up Activities
hich create the impression of growing tension and express th. l jcu pet;es w t * Recall your own experience of treating a sclimax of the story. t jyjjoj)s oj- putting sick animals to sleep. W hat is the* Share your op
': t' ' moral dim ension of the problem ?#. Reinforcing Vocabilary . choose one of these points to write a compositiön.
1. Paraphrase the fnllnwing sentences usinj the vccahulary ef the text LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
1 . The man was sitting on the porch, his hand passing over the e///gently.
2. Lying in bed he asked for a glass of water in a weak voice.3. City trafûc has always confused me.4. At last the sick man rose to his feet.5. His muscles became less N/#./:6. She doesn 'tfeel pain any longer.7. l've caught a cold. I'm afraid m y voice sotmds hoarse.8. W e were surprised to hear that he had passed his driving test.9. Don't swallowyourfood hastily.10. The m other is worried about her son's health.
2. Prcvide an adequate translatinn fnr the follcwinj wcrd-ccmbinaticns.
to be out of pain to have an empty ringto put to sleep a m atter-of-fact approachto clasp/unclasp one's hands a good, long inningsto stnlggle to one's feet an anxious expressionto say huskily/faintly a broken-springed annchair
3. Translale the fcllnwing senlences intn English tlsinj the vncabtllary nf the text
1. 143 Caaa aOHOCMnCS caasbtlï 3arlax CHPeHH.2. Ec'rla xo'r.g 6Ia1 caa6ax Haaepxaa Ha To, HTo oll Ilonpasu'rcll?3. M O#l 3aMeqaHHS npeèntnHaqaltucb He BaM.4. OH OHeHB (ecnoKolulc.n O TOM, *lTO6bI yroilHT1a I'OCTSM.5. OH Orllr ellcll BOKPyr. ZHUO erO BbIPa)KaJIO noaktoe c&f#l< NJl'.6. OHa B cnetlllte npozilomuaa OCTaTKH CBOerO K0Ye H ytllpla.7. M bI BCe eme èoaimtnb' rapa-y 3a PeMOHT Hallleii. MatIlHHbI. - CKOJIBKOBbI èoallcnbl? - 100 YYHTOB.
8. EcTb HeCKOJILKO n0èX0è06 K H3yHeHHlO 3TOrO SBJICHHJI.9. OHa Dunâpaccmpoena M lu aKalla.10. XGHHJHHa CTOSJIa B BOJIHeHHH, He FOBOPS HM CJIOBR, TOJIBKO CiHfMMtlA 11
pa3iHcuMaA pyKH.
92
Read the passage helnw. Fill in the dlanks with nne wtrd frnm the bcx. Use eachwcrd cnly cnce.
odors of ottr generation are not newcomers to this question. Goingback to my (1) days, l can remember many patients in pain,
lktlluetim es in coma, with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them we wrote:111 order for heavy (2) -morphine by the clock. Thls was notfillked about openly, and little was written about it. It was (3) noti'tlntroversial.
The best way to bring the problem into focus is to (4) twoIlatients whom 1 cared for. The frst, formerly a nttrse, had sustained a( 5) pelvis in an automobile accident. A few days later her lungsseemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. Sothere she was: in coma, on abreathing machine, her heartbeat (6)with an electrical device. One day the husband and son of the patient cameto see me. They told me (7) wife and mother was obviously go-ing to die; she had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terribledeath, being maintained by (8) . l told them that while l(9) their view, there was nothing intrinsically (10)about her situation. W hile possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed.When patients start to get very (11) they often seem to fall
apart a11 at once. The reverse is also true. Within a few days, the patient'spacemaker could be removed and she (12) from her coma.
The second patient was an 85-year-o1d lady whose hair caught fre whileshe was (13) . She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it wouldsurely be (14) . As a remarkable coincidence, there was a sem-inar going on at the time in medical (15) , given by the wifeof an oœ cial of our university. She asked me if I had any sort of ethical(16) I could bring up for discussion. I described the(17) and asked the smdents their opinion. After the discus-sion, I made a remark that was, (18) a serious mistake. l said,
Eç1'l1 take the word back to the n'ttrses about her, and we will talk about somt ,t i C?)D ))( 0 ))
more before we decideo'' I'he instructor and the (19) wer. w.yshocked: tiYou mean this is a real patient?'' The teacher of ethics was not ac. &customed to being challenged by (20) .
(From ''Topics for Today ') .IIIJIk!IN ila Gnnd Friends nr R-I#als?
awoke ethics internship medication sickcase fatal lethal problem sm oking The important thing in life is not the victory butdescribe fractured machines reality students the contest; the essential thing is not to haveessential in retrospect maintained respected their WOn but to have fought well.
Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937)
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
' 1. neading and Cnmprehensinn Tasks
1. The fnllnwing wnrds are essential fcr tlnderslandinj and discussing the mainideas nf the text. Learn the meaninj and prnnllncialinn nf lhese wnrds.
xounscause gkarzl smth which produces an effect or makes smth happenfoul gfaul) an act that is against the rules (jn sport)Verbsban Ebœnl to forbid, esp. by 1awblame (blelm) to consider snm to be responsible for smth badAqectives
k, ! deliberate gdl'llborot) intentional', done on purpose7 foul (faul) evil; wicked; impttre; very bad, unpleasant6
tough gtAil rough; hard)ï?' 2. Practice the prcnunciaticn nf the fnllnwinj words..'il competitive Ekom'petltlv) (adj))
I j (jjaj (n)media ( m :j publicity (pabillsotl) (n)' referee gjrefo'ri:) (n)
solution (so'lu:Jn) (n)trouble-maker ('trabl,melko) (n)violence ('valolons) (n)
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3. Read the text and dc the tasks that Inllcw.
. J4v Kavn xff? Fam 4>:T. ' tt, r ),? . . .' ' . t . , 9 ince 1 990 attendance at footbal
, .'' ELy,,ay4 ( ,. matches has fallen by nearly ffty p:
g '
y : y t). )y: . kpfjjj ,' kjh ,C' ' . ,y, cent. Many clubs are in fnancial troubl( , r :t ,: >
.
' kr) i, ##( Lptyevt r 'm'' .: (j ax joosing their fans. This article at '... ,-- - . . .-ï. i., kti . ( :.. - . . .. .-j-j4-- .-
.
j...ylë .-E.-- ..
.
y;,,.- y(j)r-. ..ë?E-'.E?(p,-q)-- .i yk-. -jg; . -( j . . CkE,lk:ll::lk.
lk ( j; : : gj j (jyjyr y g .
j umg, jo jdeptjà jjw majtyr Caugcg an !E'.:é! ..'. :j :Ei . E E . t.. .> a:; . . . . . : ..: ( . jt . . .t.iijij :t tllEEllqltEE ' t) ''rq ''( , y djscuss some possible Solutions.. ' .: T'',''.: ' 1.)t )!.':E.,..., . . ' . ' ':'!,E.. .. . . jE: . . ltC .-yjtljl . .-,qi ( r y ( (j t ujf sgr/ iyoods ymm London, w/o.. : , , ' ' . :.r .. . ;4. :.: .,.:.:4EE: ;. j.. k:E .ëL. y:$(r( jjayy rjjj t y js yp y yeyyyy yyyypy syssspsm
yE .(; ( ..)y. tjjr....: , , ' . . .. ' .)jk . :' L,L.:;,.L1 j ëtEj ),4 ,, . z . .q : . Cr4j!,!jZ' dsjrg
'k. y y. jk: :4 .c$ x:t, Lt : . <çj yjojsyjj goyuy jjs; oy ,yu yaayy sgoyj.
l'd rather stay at home and watch it ontelly. You get a better view and l like the action replays. l'm too afraid to gonom really! A11 this violence, you know. W hen I was a 1ad there was the oc-casional Eght on the terraces, but nothing like you see these days - whole'
y ''
gangs of teenagers who aren t interested in football. Somebody ought to dûsomethin: about it! These kids aren't real fans, they just come looking for,trouble. The police ought to sort out the real fans from the tToublemakers.hYou know, I always used to go with my dad, but 1 wouldn't take m y kids.!
, '
There's too much foul language. And 1 don't only blame the kids. 'Fhereought to be more discipline at home and in schools.''
Brian Jfz/./f the manav r o.fftz-çWe/# Unite4 one ofour most success-ful clubs.. .
û4I sympathize with Mr Woods, and there are plenty of people like him.Anyway, we'd better do something about it, or we'll a11 go broke! The clubsand players must share the blame. Football's big business, and it's very com- ,petitive. W irming has become the most important thing. There's too much ' 4violence on the field. Referees have to get tougher with players. They should 'send offplayers for deliberate fouls. The other problem is television. There'stoo much football on TM and they only show the most exciting parts, goals,fouls and violence. People are bored when they see the real game. Anywaythe clubs started talldng about these problems ten years ago, and nothing's .been done. W e'd better not spend another ten years talking. We'd better dosomething, and do it soonl''
. 6.Kevin Dolan, a Manchester United supporte6 who is sàteen years old.tçWe11, 1'm not one of soccer's missing millions. l never miss a match.
I've travelled al1 over the country with United and I've never been in trou-).ble
. I blame the media for most of this violence. They only show yotmg (eople when they''re doing something wrong. They ought not to give so jPmuch publicity to trouble-m akers. lt only encourages the others, doesn't it? '
dj)96 $hi
Teenagers come to stadillmsa. to watch and appreciate the game;b. to look for trouble.
I'llc violence always starts when there's a 'T'V cnmera near. lf they banned#Ilt (1ltt)l from football grounds, there'd be much less trouble.''
'limmy MacTavish, the ex-scotland striker who has just returnedfrom//lc Ilnited States ajter spending fpk'tl years with Miami Gtz/tzxy;
''I agree with a 1ot of what's been said, but hadn't we better look at someqdpllltion? I've been playing in the States for the last two seasons and IIlaven't seen any violence over there. A football match is a day out for thefalnily. M ore than half the supporters are women and children, and there arelllllc1& better facilities. Everybody gets a comfortable seat. There are goodlcslaurants and there's entertainment before and after the game, and at half-llllke. Football stadittms are old, cold and dirty over here. W e'd better take aplod look at American soccer. I think we've got a 1ot to learn! Entertainmentis what football is a11 about and we'd better not forget itl''
(From ''Streamline English ''. Book 3)
4. Chncse the right allernative tn tcmilete the follnwing sentences.I . English football clubs
a. are making proft':b. are having fnanclal difliculties.
2. Football stadillmsa. are full of fans;b. are losing their regular attendants.
It is more comfortablea. to stay at home and watch football on television;b. to go to a stadillm and support yotlr team.
Television showsa. the most exciting and scandalous moments;b. the real game.
At the British stadillm sa. the game is getting tougher;b. there is discipline on the feld.
n e state of American footballa. is the same as in England;b. things are quite different there.
97
idence jt: 1. Use the vncabulary nf the text tc tnmplete the sentences. Try and guess the5. Decide whether the fnllnwing statemenls areTrue nr False.prnvide ev
suitahle wnrd by the first Ietter.the text tn prnve nr disprnve the fcllnwing slatements.
l slnoking is a m... cause of heart disease.1. Since 1990 attendance at football matches has fallen by nearly 15 per ceal ,! ( ,ars are to blame for the f. . . smog that covers the city.2. There are only occasional fghts at the English stadillms. ' j ,jtjljs was murder - cold-blooded, d. .. mlzrder.3. You can enjoy relined and witty language there. j. j,,jjms like that should be b. . . .4. Teenagers come to the stadillm to enjoy the real game. , 5 j think your plan is crazy, so don't b. .. me if it doesn't work.5. The most important thing for the players nowadays is to keep to stri ()
. ,j-lw organization was set up to monitor sex and v. . . on television.1 ' '' i he will recover more quickly.nz es. r, 1, I ( you can e. . . him to take more exerc se
6. The media do their best to avoid showing scandalous moments and vi9 s, non't complain without good c. . . .u .:
lence on the seld.7. In the states going to a football match may be dangerous, especially fo 4. pmvida an adequate translaticn fnr the fcllcwing ccllncatinns:women and children. j action replay go broke
tbul language look for troublegive publicfty toII
. Language Fccus
Reinforcing vocabular.v ' 5. Translate the fcllcwinq sentences intc English usinq the vccabulary nf the text.f , l . ZITOK 6b1J1 yaalleH Ha 10 MHHYT 3ùyMbltWlenRoe #lJ##2ld#f#d #l#JdIlJl.
1. Fill in the apprcpriale hnxes with the wcrds frcm the text related tn lhe nne: Iq, 2 ygpuquuoû y-py6oq urvsl ua uone xlac'ro JlBztEe-rcx rlpHcyrc-rBHe Tene-lhe chai suauolluo; xaMepu.
3. Cpeècmta .-flrfrfldflli unsopttlljuu HaCTO HOKMMBaIOT OC&BIC MOMCH-Verb Noun Adjective ' TsI Hrpsl, apau H cxaHaallbl.
4. HaM 6bIJIO Oqellb 'I'PYAHO BAIMF I&WHME IIO 3TOMy BOFIPOCY.lOmpete 5 Jlio6sle sonpocsl nonHTuqecxoii )xH3Hu c'rpausl aonxtusl npeèaeam bcxtk
- -'
ZJIaCHOCm ILviolate. 6. B Teqelme rlpomnoro roaa y aTo; YHpMbl 6h1.1114 YHHaHcosble 'rpyaHo-
solve ' CTH H HJKOHCu OHa#X @#WlX h.' 7. Ha Yyer6onbilblx cTaimollax qacTo MOIKHO ycllblttla'rb CK6epnoC.ïlo6ue.
Publicize 8. He uaao ucKam b nenpuxmuocm eû, npeaocTaBb're HM CaMHM pemancBou npo6zleMhl.
9. yqacerHe TaaaHrrzmsblx Mozloaslx Hrpoxos B MelxayllapoaHslx MaTuax2. Cnmhine the wnrds frnm the cnlumn nn the left wilh the suitahle wcrds frnm the ' ov o euepos.nootqpxemcn COBeTcolumn nn the right adding an article where necessary. Repredtlce the cnptexts in ' 10 Hapymeuue rlpasltq scilo BHaHo Ha noqmope xfIê#J.
which these wnrd-cnmbinatinns were used.,'
find publicity (to) . 111. F0lI0w-Up Activitiesshare language
1ay * Speak aboutgive rep
look at cause ' - the major causes of the dimcult simation in English football.identify blame - the role of television in reducing attendance and provoking violenceaction business t on the neld.competitive problem
* Share your personal knowledge of football and your attitude to it.foul solution
9998L
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jI'f).f. !LEssoN B. PRACTICE TEST .'r'' ',t different times of the day, so watch out! surling can be dangerous I
$ yflll need advice from someone experienced. More experienced surfers )! j4 4 $ iAdd the fnllnwing headings tn the ccrrect secticns cf the article. t'ad. 11 wldves at point and reef breaks. They are away from the coast, and the :1.'pw i'll ctlmes deep from the ocean. Point breaks are waves bent because of ij
A. What to do if you want to start sulng. . !)#c y,jjflpe ot- the land beneath the ocean, and reef breaks are shaped by coral jB. Dangers. qjj, j j j jcks. .I, j
C Today's stlrfers.* . jD. Finding the right wave. I hE. Places to serf. ' ,Sllrling is a dangerous sport if you aren t a strong swimmer or if you try
4t' tl(, too much. The main thing most stlrfers have to worry about is their l
Xu #f/ ''w,, l'oard or other surfers' boards. Great white sharks, stingrays and deadly :I''llylish are also not friendly to surfers, but actually nmning into one of
sueng is one of the fastest developing sports in the world today. lt usetl to be practised by .Illt se is quite rare.
the ancient Polynesians, but since the 1960s anyone and everyone can 20 Surling.(From f'rple-çtzvcr Reading L essons ')
1Surling is more of a way of life for some people than simply a sport, and j . .
many spend their time travening around the planet in search of the perfec,t : 1111. (In Blfferent âttltudes t9. Spolt.
wave. Typically, the average surfer is a laid-back type ofperson: they sayits spa/ at the Internatlonal Leyel Isomething about the art of catching waves and being ollt in the elements iwhich makes you feel very relaxed. Surfers greet eacll other by saying j'
g''l-lowzit?'' (a bit like ''how's it going?'') and sometimes call each other ''bru'' LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING f''. British sttrfers
j nnajjyjg arj: cisjyyqjyqyjsjgyy yasjs jj!or ''brah'' from the Hawaiian word for brother, ''braddalltravel arotmd in VW camper vans and look a bit like hippies. .
i' jl
2 1. n e jnllnwinj wcrds are essential fnr understanding and discussinj the main )!
ideas cl the text. Learn lhe meaning and prnnunciatinn cf these wnrds. 1Anywhere that has a coastline with big waves is home to sllrfers. Half of ;
' fers. Hawaii is Nouns .1
Australia s coastline is surfable so there are lots of Aussie surwhere the sport was invented and the current champion is Hawaiian Sunny cheating g't-fi:tlpj acting in a dishonest or deceitful way to win an ad- iGarcia. A 1ot of surfers also come from California and Ntw Zealand. There vantage, esp. in a game j
t here the disregard g dlsrllgœd) paying no attention to, ignoringare even sttrfers in the UK who hang out on the south west coas w 1Atlantic waves hit the shore. inclination (rlnklolnel-fnj that which one likes', liking forgy ('c:d5I) a wild party, usually with alcohol 1,':
3 prestige gpre'stiu) general respect or admiration felt for smn or smthàoards and guns b/ reason of rank, proved high quality, etc.Get a board. Most sttrfers start on short boards. Long ,l for experienced surfers catching huge waves. Yonalso have to be a nvalry E ralvolrll competitioni being rivals j
are on y Ible to swim at least 1 00 metrts, and 25 metres Virtue ( vart-fu:l any good quallty of character or behaviourvery strong swimmer: being a ,warfare ( wo:fecj (type o./l wartmdem ater is required. #'
rbs fe4 disgrace gdls'grels) to put out of favotm to discredit :
ich fall onto sand. They 2an be big, but are 1 humiliate ghju:'mllleltj to cause to feel humble or to lose the respectBeach breaks are waves whbest if you are a beginner. waves vary in size dtlring difkrent seasons and of others
100 # 10l
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11l';I' h sp. to prev: ,A ') soon as strong feelings of rivalry are aroused, the notion of playing !1. 1kintervene gjlnto vim) (ofpeople) to interrupt smt , e . I
a bad result 61'. #':tll1e according to the rules always vanishes. People want to see one j, )rouse grauz) to waken; excite (people kfeelings) ' :4,1' ( ïIl top and the other side humiliated and they forget that victory i
' . to exist 4.,6,.1'41 t ilrough cheating or through the intervention of the crowd is mean- ii tvanish ( vanljl to disappear, to cease ,j !witness ('wltnosq to be present at the time of and see i'Il41d ';!;. Even when the spectators don't intervene physically they tl'y to ' IiIJ'
it,flllt.l,ce the game by cheering their own side and rattling opposing play- !Adiectib'eR 1, boos and insults. Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. lt ! j'.!ë. I -1 tî1 1boastful g'boustfol) (ofaperson or his/her wtlrJâ') f'ull of self-prais: .: t'# l'' 'tllktl up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of al1 nlles andcombative ('kombatlv) fghting or struggling against . jyj other words
, it is war m inus the 1.
. v x k@!p l l '. l It7 pleasure in witnessing violence, jjinfuriated gln'fluorleltld) (made by smn or smtn) very angry jjj ,( ,( j jjg. :'sœvldsl forcefully cruel or violent', Eerce; uncivilized ' ISavzve E ' 1 (lt) not, of course, suggest that sport is one of the main causes of in-significant gslglnlflkont) of noticeable importance ' . yjg-scale sport is itself, 1 think, merely another effect ,
i9: I t 1 :1 t l ( .,11a1 rivalry,I 4llt' causes that have produced nationalism. Still, you do make things lt,
2. nead tha texl tnnsulling a diclinnary fnr any unfamiliar wcrds. , . j djrjg srth a team of eleven men, labelled as national champi- ,ïj l d ( . t ly sen
n -a . ., ,,,,'.. t., do battle aeainst some rival team, and allowinc it to be fklt on all4 ô'?orttnn B#?pl' #i,i.... tltat whiche-ver nation is defeated will lose fa-ce. There are quite '1,
.;y a am always amazed when l h :'4'11.3',11 real causes of trouble already, and we need not add to them by en-î 5 .S:*'> ' Jf ; ' 'ji..'# t, '*''''>),'',t':lk::4èk Ety'tj ukt q xuzxvxjxx oowina kus,f. qmfarf crax yt 1111 kllri ng young men to kick each other on the shins amid the roars of in- Ii .
'... . . . .? : ' ''j rtfptkjki). .; E .' i':':Ct:.) .jjE, l45 ') . ). .ygjy.. hqj :'/, h ')ï 17 : :)Jj;? jlr;p l..e lk.J' jl:;p CI. '$.: k:!' 'k'1' .;,' ... .'.x liibh '-n 'ka'' '. .'' jl7lF AK';' n 'b'' z: '..' 'b;' . . Ik'')')ltj: .i
,tty.' Lqj?,,,,2? .Yy) . jïbi,; tè'' E l$'ktr'' good will between the nations, 4 t''' 'iltt-tl spectators. I
,x)'t..'t. i/ ,k,, . )-. kt ., ,.t Elt E,).., .. t,, . j, t jjr oruy the common people (ay aeorge (nrwv/p1 . . .. - . . .. .Ej)j-E-. )qj :. jyy. r-.-. . . . yjyytj , lygy, , . , . ! :y gj,((jjjjjjjjjjj(--,- . .. j$jjy. .y-. . . . . .-jj - . ..
.y.y, gtr ggjj.Lb 2- ( ' ' j . Lq) .j E .q . y . yy .: :... : , ' y sy jyjjjjjjgj tyw worjd could meet 011C ZXOt11Cf il ;jkl gj EEp(' t kï k . ' - , . z y.:y y ... . :.. . . y: . . .
, ' , . ;jE :g ) .q . j:: . .. :. . .
. ï?k j;q. to j. . . . . y,y . ..
'
,# , . $.,. t)' ,.; ) '.. ' k football or cricket, they would h:' : ,,t ( '')'., ' ' .:' C s - ' x.,x q . yjo jnclination to meet on the battt 1 PiSCBVPr the main ideas nf the text Five nl the eijht sentences helcw summarize!' zv j ' . . , . h , ta y t ,.. . . jjjtl jjv, garajraihs in the text Connect the senlences to the apprBpriate para- ,E 's ,y,, j . , y . , . f tjjtuyt know jor t j'i i).l ... # '.u ' feld. Even if one$ a . . u, j jes that internatioq (l6211hS.
-#k.( *) C : COIIWCtC CXZIXP lsporting contests lead to orgies . l Ilstk.l.national sport is like sport at school or on the village green, but much 1141
hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. L It1('l e serious. '1Nearly a11 sports nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and t t A t tlle intemational level, the worst of this is that people really believe l
. ! iame has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. 0n the villa t w 1 lylling at sports shows a cotmtry is better.:
c ,, . , , , +: : k ( , jreen, Where yOu Pick up sides and no teellng 01 l0Ca1 Patrlotlsm IS I . j 1 I t 1) r-scale sports cause Serious trouble Detween nations that may lead togis possible to play simply for the fun and exercise', but as s(1 t wkll because teams are sent to do battle with each other. 1volved, it
as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and so j llklt.olational sport leads to hatred, it doesn't create good will between theb tivc l . ,k,.t itlns. .
.larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com ad Anyone who has played even in a school footb t wllrlt happens in international sport is an effect, not a cause, of nationaliststincts are arouse . - :
match knows this. , r lltl I tlldes, but it leads to further trouble.At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But thc Ni#' ' f, ' ,j ,t.ctators rattle the opposing players with insults because they arejealous,.
'i!i'ifcant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude ol ti# . t ,1 t 1Ie other team's success. 1,n .
' and behind the spectators, of the nations who work themsclvd f A 1 I sport is competitive, so as soon as prestige is at stake it arouses violent ''spectators, -
'.i : jinto furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe, at any lR4 Ijlt il kldes.
kicking a ball are tests ol' tlk: k 1 11(. situation encottrages players and spectators to cheat, so fair play isfor short periods, that nmning, jumping and i
tional virtue. ) 1$ I 'lltlssible.; i
102 1O3
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4. Chncse the rijht alternative tc cnmplete lhe fnllnwinj sentences., lt ltf'fzlftzrcfzzp Vocabulary1
. The author maintains that sporta. creates good will between the nations; 1 I II1 in the aiprcpriate daxes with lhe wprds from lhe text relaled ta lhe ones inb. is another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism. lllc chart
Serious sporta. has nothing to do with fair play; Nouns verbs Adjectives Participlesb. is played with strict regard for the rules.
boastThe fans want to see cheata. one side hllmiliated and on top of the other; combatb. which of the teams is really stronger. disgrace
humiliate4. As soon of the question of prestige arises
infuriatea. the sportsmen display friendliness towards the opponents;
inclineb. the most savage combative instincts are aroused.
insultAt the international level the contests 'a. are really pleasant and exciting to watch;b. look like mimic warfare. z ?. Find in the lext and write dnwn wnrds and cnllncatinns wich are clnse in meaning
te the fnllnwinj:
Il-Text Features and Languaje Focus a) the words which mean:appearW
. Text M odality beaten
becom e flzriousOne ofthefeatures oftext coherence is its modality, Le. the author 's at- competitiontitude towards thefacts, events andpeople described. competitive
Text modality vtz.p be broadh divided into neutral and non-neutral. hit with the footThe latter in its turn pltzy bepositlve or negative. indifference
, neglectIt is obvious that the text you havejust read is totally negative. The l jnterference
author is not only categorical in his criticism ofsport, he is fr-pfng to j jeam tyom general principlesimpose his opinion on the reader j
ace ot- a battlePHis striving to convince the reader can be traced throughout the /e.x/.Each newparagraph supplies a ncw argument which is stronger than the ! b) the words which are opposite in meaning to the following:onepresented in thepreviousparagraph. : be reluctant (to do smth.)
Note that there is a pecullar choice of wtvJ.ç and phrases that are k digniqedused to render his negat 'lvejudgment about the virtues ofsports. 1 react calmly
)subside
* Look back at the text and write out the words and collocations Ehowing Prnvide an adequate lranslatinn fnr the fnllcwinj cnllocatinns.s
- the author's negative attitude to sports; ' be bound up with lose face- the author's persistence in trying to convince the reader. do one's utmost pick up sides
i fair play work oneself into a fury104 '1
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t
4 Translate these senlences intn English tlsyng the vncahulary cf the text LESSON B. PRACTICE TESTM HorHe Jlloal'l nonaralo'r, qTO CIIOPTHBHBIC COPCBHOBaHHS fl0MOl'i1 Iltlaj an article abollt sportinj activities. FBr luestions 1-16 chnose fram the1. ,CTaHOBHTB èo6pble /&1Nt#1,l,l/&/zJl Mellflly HaPOJOMM. aclivities (#-E). Some 01 lhe activilies m3# be Chosen more than once.Y .2 OH He pacnono-eil noèèepiucutam u zflzlzt/-azlo cmopony B 3r
) .cuope. j $ ..,1 t :,1, do it whenever you want to. l B
3 ge6a-rsl npespa-ruzmcb , opzulo nenasucmu.'. Meucay Gpa-rsxMu sceraa cymecersosa,l dy-v conepuuqecmca. ) h ',11 ''lity not have to pay to do it. 245 ouu caenanu cee wo-w oaxwt'e, u'ro6sl ao6u-rscx ycnexa. ) . (j sp a strong interest in it after doing it for the srst 3. 'k $ ,$1 t :tn eve6 BbI He ;lOJIIKH1aI 6MeW lI6lm bc.R B HX CIIOP. jjjjjt..
uo gya7 3aeCb 3amlml4fm df'N#of npecmtlllctl C'XW NW' Fl03T0My 'IW Z'
t vt.l yone who does it has a similar attimde to life. 4rlpllaTu x cornattleuHio.
8 OHH 6yay'r vlyscerBoBa'rb ce6x onoaopeunuMu, ecnll npourpa. 14 ,1 hrly be physically unpleasant sometimes. 5MaTH.
ususle aocerl- eull, èoKaaameabcmto.M # 11 rklltlws you that you can do things you didn't think you were 69. M OAKHO JIH CLIHTaTB CHOPT
ucm aa zzcqzzll? ' ftllillple of.cmou10 M yxlKa npo6yolcèaem YlyBcrrBo npee acHoro B Jllomlx.' 1y (jtlesn't appeal to some people. 711 M He He xoTenocs 6sI suaen evoyuu- ennsut.12 ava xoxlallaa ao6llnacla n06eaBl o6xlanoM. OHM He HMeIOT FIPC/CTaBJI jj j etjuires you to work things out in advance. 8- l
HHS, HTO TaKOC Mecm lntl? W#fI' fu uam eq rlosceaile ' 11 ;tllOwS y0u to see places you otherwise wouldn't be able to see. 913 DTH npo6neMbl ne lzlfem#l nuKaKoeo t'Rlpt/ledal'llH0ii IICH3HH. , 1. veryone who takes part in it is considered equal. 10
.14 M He Hplltoraa He Hpaslu acs ero xqacnvlutocmb.6blzlu ccuèemenxMu aw ro HcTopHqeclcoro co6slrr- . ' Allyone who does it can m ake a m istake. 1115
. M ou poaHerezlH ;a sce BoaMoxclloe, qTo6bl cnpasMrrscyl c rcxeru #ezlll: , ,16
. l-lozllm lu caenarl 5 (,11 don t have to take anything with you to do it. 12
moanoû. à
1g. Eg rlpeacwu'r yuac-rsosan B Kpynnslx .*lrazcê#pfd#tlêzlhl.f copeBnoeq I t'Ckrning it is similar to another experience you may have had. 13'
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HMM ' t I llttre are various tasks which are carried out for you during it. 14
Iscing relied upon by others is pal4 of it. 15111. FOIIOW-Up Activities
l Ittlre is an activity related to it which doesn't take long to leam. 16* Prepare to discuss these statements made by G. Orwell, expressillj
our support or disagreement with them .y
.l f * 5a- Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play.- People want to see their rivals humiliated.- A nation loses face when its team is defeated. I sailing- victory gained through cheating is meaningless. '
As a sailing instructor, it is my experience that, while people who go sailing. w rite a few paragraphs about your views on sport. State to what ttlity have different professional lives and widely differing backgrotmds,
tent G -orwell's argum ents have persuaded you and whethel tlley a11 have one thing in com mon - they are a11 fun-loving, sociable andexiII look at sport differently after reading the extract. tletermined to get the most out of what they do.you w
l06 107
The great thing about sailing is that you have to live and work togdand it is a great leveller, wiping out differences in age, background and jThere is no favouritism and no discrimination. ' 1
Sailing a yacht can be demanding, tiring, fnzstrating and wet. But italso challenging, exciting, relaxing and wonderfully fulflling. No exp.ence is necessary and wet-weather and safety equipment is providedschools, so al1 vou need to bring is yourself I can guarantee you will ha#
b le ti -'na.e . , tj ,nlenlora t
-) tB Walking : l
A walking holiday is not the most luxurious of trips but it does offer anporttmity to see remote areas of the world which cannot be visited any othway. And at the end of the day it gives you a wonderful sense of achiev-ment. Camping is often part of this type of holiday and the joy is exploritotally uncivilsed territory.
Don't worry; you don't have to carry yotlr own luggage, only a daypacas cook and camp teams do the everyday work, leaving vou free to enioy t
., - - - è
experience. There s a destination for evely time of the year, so when you gis up to you. So get those boots out and walk the world.
i!
c. Rock climbing ! ).1
You don't have to be super-ft to go rock climbing', technique is more impc 'tant than strength. lt is also vital to plan and think ahead, as the easiest mov'may not always be the best. W hat often looks like an impossible situatiowith a little thought and a few small steps, becomes achievable and befoyou know it you are halfway up a mountain.
You cannot climb without a safety system as even the best people c .slip. Even beginners are expeded to operate the safety system. lt's a frighening thought being responsible for another person's safety, andjust as chahlenglng is knowing that you are totally dependent on the safety system. Thitis the perfect team-building exercise. ;
D. FlyingWithin an hour you can be handling the controls of a light aircraft. Afteyour instructor has given you details on the aircraft, its controls and wheftyou are going to fly, you take off and climb to around 2000ft. You will thepbe allowed the chance to fly the plane itseltl Not to worly As when yotlearn to drive, the instructor has a set of controls too. An hottr's lesson costlf 95 and cotmts towards a private pilot's licence if, like many people, yo%
1o8 l
lttlll tllrtt you want to take up fying seriously. So if you fancy being a bird,,1$1!; ctluld be the nearest thing to it.
1, Parachute jumpingJnmping from an aircraft may not be everyone's idea of fun, but if this is
wllllt you fancy, there is no excitement like it. And if you can raise moneylf ,1 clzarity by doing it, yourjllmp could be fTee. You don't need a great deal4 ,1 plzysical ftness but the training leading up to it requires that you be nor-,I1:kIIy fit. Training involves practicing the correct body position for landing,lllttl emergency drills. Another ftm activity in the sky is sky-diving, whichl llvolves jumping from an aircraft and falling a long way before opening thel'ktrachute. Tandem skydiving -jumping from the plane attached to an expe-1 ieldced instructor - requires only basic training, wherems attempting a solo
jtllnp requires months of practice.(From ''Cambridge First Cert#cate, 3 'r)
LIIJIIIN (Ilpu Spnrt as Part nf a Natinnal Cnlture
Play up! play up! and play the game!
Henr.v Newbolt (1862-1938)
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
l-Beadinj and Ccmptehensinn Tasks
The fnllnwing wnrds are essential lnr understandinj and discussing the mainileas ct the text. Learn the meaning and prcnunciatinn cf these wcrds.
Nounsbenefit glbenoflt) advantage; proft; good effecthostility (hos'tllotl) the state of being tmfriendlyimpact ('Impœkt) strong impression or effectmillennium (ml'lenlom) a period of 1000 yearspoll ('poull sutwey of public opinion by putting questions to a selectionof personsrealm grelml region', sphererespondent Erl'spondontl the subject of a pollsurvey g'sa:vel) a general view or examination (ofpublic opinion)
109
Verbs 'best gbestq get the better of, defeat 'contribute gkzn'trlbju:tl to join with others in giving money, help, etc,infuse (Inltju:z) to f11 smn with strength, energy, etc. 'shape Uelp) to give a shape or form to,4 djectivesethnic (leonlk) related to a racial, national or tribal group ,overwhelming gjouvolwelmlp) too large or great to oppose .racial (1reIJJ1) connected with race (virtual (Iva:tfuol) being in fact ' ,
'h2 lully and dn the tasks that fnllnw. 7. Read the texl care
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om' à- l5'> ofnto*#p. .
' , L
, ' Eighty-eight percent of Americans think sports 'j; , , y): ::tl1 . teaeh children the value of discipline and hard .
:. . ..: . '' sf
jwork.jé: . ' ' $EI:';' -.)ë . -1Jt new poll conducted by U.S. News and Bozell :!jEd ,iti' w orldwide on Americans' attitudes toward
. .y; ,$ #y-. t1.j/ ..--.... -. ': ), è . sports and the Olympics shows that we overwhelm-'h 'J1 qql tdE yq!d'' -.- . ,l, . . ' :''E. . .
.. k) , x. ingly appreciate sports in our culmre. The survey%) ' /' 'Tt ' f. E *:' shows that Americans think spectator sports have a '.''. jj ;,j(, a jj, j oat competitive sports '..i'$, E , ' positive impact on soc ety,Vl1
help children learn valuable life lessons and that i:6J1i't.. 'j ws t?syyy,1 oose virtues translate into other advantages in )' 'ètijjjyy t$t'l. iië'J',,' t,-l.'-u,,2i g atults, ljves. vçAcross the board, jèLù m any areas oAmericans fnd benefits from sports and exercise,'' .
argues pollster Marcela Berland of IQBC Research, the polling arm of Bozell !Worldwide. ttBut their judgement about the virtues of sports extends wellbeyond fmess and fun.'' '
Americans are sharply divided about the purpose and role of the Olym- 1pic Games in the U.S. NewsG ozell survey: lifty-one percent say the Olym-pics should be open to all athletes (amatems and pros), while 46 percent sayonly nmatetlrs should be allowed to pm icipate. In the cold war era, global ,political hostilities shaped the public's appreciation for the games. TodayAmelicans are almost evenly divided about the meaning of the competition:forty-nine percent think the competition is am ong individuals', 47 percent :view it as competition am ong nations. Because m any feel that nationalism
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itill illguses the games, about two thirds of theI llylllpians should get direct government aid,If' fllcm now.f iood for what ails. As the millemzium approaches, however, there'sglslwing evidence of a flip side: that sports have an ever greater iniuence onAtjltrrican society. The U.S. Newsm ozell poll, for example, reveals thatAlllericans strongly believe the lessons of sports contribute positively to oth-rl lifb realms. An amazing 91 percent think sports participation helps peoplegt't ltlong with those from difrerent racial or ethnic groups; 84 percent thinkqlttlrts involvement helps people in the business world; 77 percent think&lltll4s help people be better parents, and 68 percent think sports help peopleget along better with people of the opposite sex.
respondents think Americansomething that's not available
Stl'he day is coming when top female athleteswill beat top males in some sports'' say 66%of those polled.
Nowhere is this iniuence more felt in the United Stateswomen's and girls' increasing participation and interest in sports. Amongtlle nearly 11,000 athletes at Atlanta, just under 4,000 of them will be fe-lnale, a record total. And it is a virtual certainty that the nation's femaleOlympians will do better overall in their competitions than will U.S. men.Women are now besting world records held by men 10 and 15 years ago,and an astonishing 66 percent of Americans believe the day is coming whentop female athletes will beat top males at the highest competitive levels.
The same growth of female sports participation has occurred in collegesand high schools. ln 1971-72, about 30,000 women participated in collegesports. By 1994-95, that number had soared to more than 110,000.
New generation. Some Americans already prefer a women's game.Legendary UCLA men's basketball coach John Wooden admires the advanc-es of women's basketball in the past 20 years. Eûl feel that the best pure bas-ketball is now being played, below the rlm, with finesse and beauty, by thevery best women's teams,'' says Wooden, now retired. The men's game Kthasbecome too individualistic and focused on showmanship-''
More and more girls are beginning their athletic careers at the snme ageas boys - and with the same intensity. One main reason is grass-roots en-colzragement, starting with the family. Donna Lopiano, Women's SportsFoundation executive director, suggests that a new generation has arisen that
is highly supportive of girls in sports.(From '' US New,.ç '', July 15-22, 1 996)
than through
'q,
3. Chcnse the right alternalive tn tnmplele the fnllcwing sentences. t 1l, Lanqtlaqe FBCtIS1. Most Americans appreciate the impact of sports j snj jn tju text and write dcwn Wtrd% a0d C0ll0C3li0BS Whith 3re tltse in mean-
a. as highly positive', ' ' jnj u the jcllcwlnj:b. as totally negative. rise f-ar or fmstable to be used/obtained
2 Americans consider/regard Set 0f years. y. spous juvolmenta. think that the main benefhs people get from sports are good shape an tleteat worldwideentertainment; eqtlal- 11 grown Woxh a 10t Of money
b. extend theirjudgment further. ' (u y3 Al1 Americans are ' 2 Fill in the apprnpriate bcxes With the Wnrds from the text felated tc the Bnes in
a. united about the purpose and role of the Olympic Games; ' the thartb. sharply divided about them. '
. Adjectives AdferbsNouns Verb:
4. M ost of them look upon the Olympics as a competitiona. between nations; globeb. between individuals. ! - - support
k
5. The word tnationalism' is used in the text ' ' hjeteata- in a positive sense; ' - jajmjngOVCFWb. in a negative sense.
poll6. It is believed that sporta leads to rivalry and hostility' ' respond
* ,b. helps people get along with each other. jwstile
7. Women's and girls' participation in sports in the USA - sllapea. is supported by most Americans;b. has a lot of opponents in the countzy involve
CVCn
4. :ay whelher the fnllnwing statements are True nr False. Prnvide evidence frcmthe text ln suppnrt ynur answers. l increase
, ' certain
1. Americans don t think that sport is part of their culture.2. Life lessons learnt by children from competitive sports are of little valuefor their adult lives. jnn jcr th: jtmcwinj ccjlncatinns:2 Prnvide an adeqtzte translat
3. M ost Americans believe that pros should be allowed to participate in the -Olympics. be evenly/sharply divided Pollster4. n e participation of American Olympians is fllnded by the state. be supportive of WO
' d beyond Showmanship
5. Sports help Americans get along in many life realms. exten6 Female Olympians will never be able to beat male Olympians. ' ;ip side Spedator SPO/S7. Some Americans appreciate women's basketball. ' grass-roots encouragement
113112
4. Translate lhe lnllnwink Sentences intn English usinj the vccabtllary nf the te 'sl1. M HeH- pecnollzlelleroB#aaêellzzzlllch nopoeny.
2 IKeHHJHHBI.FJT.I/VW JXW MHPOBMC PCKOP/OI. '
3. HeaasHo : M HHCKe 6MJI nposeaell HOBI>I; onpoc o6m ecerBei<ilc 'MHeHHI. l
4. 3aHxTIu crjopl'oM noAtoza+m aMCPHKaHUaM èo6umbcaycna oq B MM#6btmb .m#zllz/zw lr#tglzzaeayl.ulz. '6H3Heca, a Talœ e
,
5. BPaIKJeUHOC OTHOHIOHMC HZPOJIOB JIPN K JTYIF TIePCCTMO $0pM11pw/rv,h O6IIXCTBeIIHOC MHCHHC H OTHOIJKHHe K OJIHMIIH;CKMM HrPaM.
6 OnsIT, Hpup6peTellllblii JICTBMH B CIIOPTW, èaem HM OflpeaeselïHble npp )l# yujefm 6a dtl *3130C2109 WCW Sll'
7 D'ryf aelarlj JIOJIAKHI,I 6bITb HC& RHeHbI JI.qS n0Jlb3bt MaJIOHMYW IiX. '8. M bI He omyrTllll4 *pttlleèe6leocmM C HX CTOPOHbI.9. Ham a crpafla ellferoimo èeaaem dazztlchl B Kpacllbl; Kpec'r.10. C aHpelk-ropoM YHPMM HeJlb3A #&##d&lhcJl Ceiiqac. OH B On e3ae.11. Heoauopogllblii B HaIJHOHM bHOM OTHOIHeHHM COCTaB HacelleHlrls CnO-co6cTByer :O3HHKHOBCHHIO lmleuqecKlLM KOHYJIHKVOB.
12. Bblcw nnelllte KoMaltlylomero eAWIO HOBLIe CHJIBI B Clmaa'r.
111. Fnllcw-up Atllvilies!
. compare the text you've just read with the previous one Crrhe 'sporting Spirit'' by G. Orwell). Find out the points of difference inthe attitude to SPOI-t in the two texts and fill them in.
Fegtures of Sports Text 1 Text 2
eneml impact on society
compditivt spidt .
uality of l:ssons learnt from sports '(1 ,
d mcaning of sports gamesPurpose an
intem ational rivalry and nationalism ')
* Share yollr opinions of the following:!i
- Do people in Belartls appreciate sports as part of our national culmre ,
h Americans d0? !t e way g- W hat do y0u thirlk Of women's participation in sports? :
1l4
qead a newspaper article ahout a cpmpany lhat manufacttlres diving equipmentChocGe the mcst stlilable snmmary senlente frcm 1he Iist (A-I) fcr each part(1-7) cl the arlicle.There is nne extra summary sentence whicà yctl d: nct need tctlse. There is an example al 1he bejinninj (0).
A. Satisfying safety controls was the most important concem.II. Safety demands in the diving industry are growing rapidly.( '. Pressme came from other companies.I)- The company met the demands of a new market.1,:. The success of the early years seemed likely to continue.I?. There are adv= tages for a small company.(;. A decision to change direction was made.l 1. Preparations have been made to control the company size.
1. It started with a swim.
Which attitude to sports appeals to you more: the positive one, de-scribed in the text ttAmericans' Appreciation of Sports'' or the nega-tive one, presented in ççel-he Sporting Spirit'' by G.Orwel1?
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
*:êö'wf2#röVr(-Jf2*pf:v
0. 1For the Brennan family, what began as a dip in the sea grew into a suc-
cessful water sports business, which then went on to win a place for itself in
the specialist water safety and sunival market.
1.The family's interest in water sports began in 1965 and 1ed to its deci-
sion to set up Sea Sports to supply the rapidly growing water leisure in-dustry Over the next seven years the business grew steadily, becominga limlted company in 1972. This was a time of expansion, particularly
in Europe.
2.The firm then found itself tmder threat from cheaper imports. According
to Jane Nye, daughter of the fotmder of the company, the competition forced
1 15
, l
them to lower their prices and highlighted the dim culties of a small mfacturing company whose products are easily copied. The companyforced to release half its so-strong workforce. ttlt was a serious blow ashad been growing. We were successf'ul and then that came along,'' Mrs #explained.
3.
ttlt was agreed that we needed to move into the area of safety prodtl-for the diving lndustly'' she said. n e company used its knowledge of 'world of diving to lind markets where there was little competition. I1Tpoint about products in the safety and survival markets is that they are cered by regulations. M any companies do not have the quality systems twould satisfy these.
t
'
4.
ln order to reach this specialist market, the company establish,a new department in 1979, to produce safety equipment. It won contra:to supply large organisations with em ergency breathing equipment atltough sea wear. tW t that time, they were looking for better solutioqj:to deep-sea diving and they came to companies like us and said 'What q4:you do'?' They liked the ldeas that we put forward and so we got th4'work,'' M rs Nye said. i
.I5. .
The long development process meant working closely with an institué 'of Hea1th and Safety, and an institute of Naval Medicine as well as leadinj 'scientists in the feld. t<Ybu're talking about products that involve people *you have medical regulations and a11 kinds of procedmes to go through lorder to be able to develop products and do manned testing - a11 of that is 4very lengthy and costly process,'' Mrs Nye said. '
!
6.(
Throughout, she has been determined to get the most from the wotk. :force. The lines of communication within the comoanv m atch its size. ttEv:4 l
!II '''.'
'
-''''' êiq7).).p'ryone can talk to me; it s not as if the management is remote from the peoplgwho are working here - we are a tmit that works together and the managef! Jare a11 vet'y accessible,'' - Mrs Nye said. ta
);.=
.y
'
', .
/Now, with further growth in its sights, the group plans to take on extra
qïlll1' but does not plan for a workforce of more than 75. ç<We have concen-41 Ilfed on equipping people in the organisation with a 1ot of skills. We have1, ipilled and invested heavily in this so that staffcan move wherever they are'Iù'eded. We're a small specialist company - we'll grow but not out of pro-
'l( ,1 tion-''l(From ''Cambridge First Cert#cate, 3 ')
I AT THE Map oF THE woRLoTZIE!(r la What is the Eadh cnminj Tn?
stultify g'staltllfal) prevent srnth frorn develllllilljz- I$1f # ' llfr l '.- dàf 4?, '', -# i
ble state
Adjectives' îrjg destmction'devosteltlpl caus !tsdevastating 2 y producing good restlfklkelj-osl old-fas , injurnaktttik,,,flkacious 2
le tive, giving m oree Ilaltnlp) instnw kthtltktlightening tIn impossible to m anage wen (vspensobll Iar purpt,setus ensable E,l11 ded for a particui'R ?
'fl-fantl as much as it neefficlent 2sosu
I
Some say the world will end in lire,Some say in ice.From what l've tasted of desireI hold with those who favor lire.But if it had to perish hvice,l think l know enough of hateTo say that for destruction icels also great And would suëce.
Robert Frost
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
1. Readinj and Ccmprehension Tasks
1. The fcllcwinj wnrds are essential fcr understanding and discussing the mainideas ()I the text Learn lhe meaning and prnntlnciaticn cf these words.
Nounsdensity ('densltl) the number of persons per given surface area ofthe earthdeposit (dldpozltq an amotmt 'or layer of a substance that gradually de-velops in a particular placedeterioration gdlltlorlo'relj'lnl decline, worsening of conditionexplosion (Iksrplousan) here, sudden/rapid increase in the mlmber oramount of smthlag (lœgj slowing down, delaymalnutrition (lmalnjultrl-fx) faulty and unbalanced nourishmentrespite ('resplt), ('respalt) temporaly relief, a short period of restVerbsabound (oibaund) be numerousassert (o'sa:t) declare, put forward an ideacalculate ('kœlkjuleltl End out the amount of smth by using numbersmaintain (meln'teln) make a level or rate of activity stay the samemultiply ('mAltlplal) increase greatly
1 1 8
dn with envirenment and ppllutinn.2. Learn the meaning t)f the wcrds tn
carbon monoxide glkc:banthe exhaust gas of petrol engines;DDT g'di: di: 'ti:) substances used to destroy pests which damage crops,'detergent (dlita:dsantq a chemical substance that removes dirt;environmental (Inrvalrandmentl) concerning or affecting the air, lankl,
or water on earth;fertile (1f3:taI1) here about earth, able to produce rich crops;oxygen ('oksldsln) a gas present in the air necessary for living beings,
plants, etc;pesticide (îpestlsald) a chemical substance used to kill insects',sewer ('sjuc), glsuo) an tmderground channel/pipe to carry waste;silt (sllt) (n,v) sand, mud, etc. canied by moving water; become lillcd
with sand, mud, etc.
'monoksaldl a poisonous gaspresent fl)
3. The meaning nI the fnllcwing internatinnal wnrdsMake stlre yotl prcnounce them cnrrectly-
i: mnst prnbably
acre g'elkoqcatastrophe (ko'tœstrofl)colossal gko'lospllconservation gjkonso'vellnldelta gddeltajdemographic (jdemo'graflk)ecosystems ('i:kouyslstomj
'1 brlamjequilibrium (jlkwl limmigrant ('Imlgrontjincident ('Insldontl
irrigate g'Irlgelt)mutation lm'lu:ltellnloptimist ('optlmlst)provoke (pro'vouklsatellite g'sœtolalt)series ('slori:z)smog (smog)synthetic gsfn'oetlkqthermal ('0:.32ma1)utopian Liu:'tauplan)
knBwn to yBB.
4. Practise the prcnunciaticn cf these prnper and çecgraphical names.
Aswan Dam g'oswon 'dœml Mercury ('ma:kjurllJupiter ('dsu:pltol the Nile (naIl)
Mars gmc:z) Saturn (IsœtanlMekong gmi:'kop) Venus (lvimasl
5. Read the text carefully and de the tasks that fcllcw.
eoylaû'on f- J
I tsukllture and lmown under the name of tçgreen revolution'' will resolve thej11 (/lllem. Nothing is less certain. Promoters of the revolution themselves be-llrve that it can oflkr ohly a respite of ten or twenty years.
6. In tmderdeveloped countries, although predominantly agricultttral,llle Iag in food production in relation to demograghic growth increases moreflllkl more. As the crisis worsens these cotmtries w111 have to import food. But11 tjln where?
7. The world's population explosion is the source of a whole series oft'Ilvironmental deteriorations, which in time can have disastrous conse-
' (lllCl1CeS.8. Because the population-food imbalance necessitates Gtat any price'' agrowth of agricultural production, methods often harmful to the environ-lllent are used withoutjudgment. Exnmples abotmd. The construction of co-lllssal dams to irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres can in fact provokeeatastrophes. Thus, the Aswan Dnm currently prevents the deposit of fertilesilts brought each year by the Eooding of the Nile. The result will obviouslybe a decrease in the fertility of the Delta lands. Damming the Mekong riskslhe same consequences for Vietnam and neighboming countries.
9. Fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, DDT can be devastating, transform-ing complex ecosystems, necessary for the conservation of the environment,into simple ecosystems. M onocultures are a case of such mutation.
10. Certain situations are perceived as dangerous only when they be-come critical enough to cause mlmerous deaths. Smog is an example. InLondon in 1952 it caused some 4,000 deaths. This incident provoked an
) awakening of conscience and resulted in decisions which have proven eoca-1 cious. But smog presents still other dangers: namely, it destroys plants whichi ofl-er little resistance, and whose oxygen production is indispensable to us,
and it changes the earth's thermal equilibrium.)'' 11. For these forms of pollution as for all the others, the destructivei chain of cause and effect goes back to a prime cause: çttoo many cars, too
many factories, too many detergents, too many pesticides, more and moretrails left by supersonic jets, inadequate methods for disinfecting sewers, toolittle water, too much carbon monoxide. The cause is always the same: toomany people on the earth.''
('.The Population Bomb '' by Paul Ehrlich)
6. Match the headinqs belnw with the apprnpriate paragraph nr paragraphs cf thetext and identify the key statements ftr each part
1. Too many people. 4. ln search of a solution.2. Cause and consequences. 5. Food shortage.3. A dying planet. 6. Perception of danger.
1. Figures and numerous facts prove that there are already, and certainlythat there will be, too many people. Simply calculating the lengths of timenecessary to double the world's population is enlightening
. Impressively, thetime required grows ever shorter: 6,000 years before Christ, 1,000,000 yearswere necessary to double the population
, then about 1,650 years after Christonly 1,000, around the 1850's 200 years, in 1930- 80 years. Currently, theworld's population doubles evezy 37 years.2. W hat would happen if the population were to continue doubling involume every 37 years?
3. According to recçnt calculations, maintaining such a rhythm of
growth would result in 60 million billion people on the earth in 900 years,which represents 120 inhabitants per square meter.4. Optimists believe and often assert that science will indeed fold solu-ti
ons to the problem of overcrowding, namely by providing the means toi
mmigrate to other planets. But this solution is totally utopian
. In effect,even if it should become possible, 50 years would be suo cient for the 60million billion persons to m ultiply to the point of populating Venus, M er-ctuy M ars
, the Moon and the satellites of Jupiter and Samrn with a densityequal to that of the Earth.
5. Today, a good part of humanity suffers from m alnutrition or from tm-dernourishment. Some think that recent scientilic discoveries applied to ag-
120
7. Find evidence in the text tc prcve nr disprave the lallpwinp slatements. # llrime exportsynthetic decrease
1. According to the author, there is convincing proof that the world's populqk jucient improveStltion will continue to grow even more rapidly. un enuine, natttralutop j
2. Pessimists argue that life on other planets will be possible for a period of worsen lnsuëcient50 years only.
3. The author doubts the long-lasting effects of the çtgreen revolution''.ies as compared te 7. fill in the chart helnw making the wtrd: in the given Iist neqative.4. There is a lag in food production in developed cotmtrunderdeveloped ones. adequate, balance, crowd, developed, nutrition, nurishment
5. Overpopulation is a prime cause of environmental changes.under- im- in- dis- mal-
8. Prcvide extensive answers fnr the fnllnwink questiqns ahnut snme cf the esselbtial details nf the text
1. How has the population growth changed since ancient times?2. Why are harmful methods used in agriculmre withoutjudgement? 7- nepjace the italicized wnrds In the sentences belcw W their equivalents fmm3. W hat man-made catastrophies does the author refer to in the text? the text4. Has the world witnessed a11 the disastrous consequences of overpopula. '
tion yet? l . The professor insisted that there was nothing wrong with his theory.
5 The population of what countries suffers most from malnutrition and un- ?. The equipment the company has recently installed is absolutely necessarydernourishment? f0r manufacturing new teclmological products.
r. The W hite Sea is rich in lish.4. The chttrch was rebuilt 3 years after a disastrous :re in 2005.
Il. Language Focus 5. one of the main priorities of the new administration was to keep the roads) in a good state.
Reinforcing Vocabulary . () when chgdren are undernolzrished they often sufrer from a delay in men-. ) .) ta1 development.
1. Match the wcrds frcm the text (cn the Ielt) with their a) synnnyms and b) antn- (
nyms (0n the riglll). j 4. Fill in the aiprcpriate bcxes with the wnrds frnm the text related tn the cnes ina) desmzctive mainly ' the chartdeterioration many, plentiful ;environmental ecological i wrbs xouns Adjectives Adverbsindispensable decay, decline )numerous necessary, vital i ! abundance
. !perceive arouse, cause i calculatingpredominantly damaging, nlinousprovoke settle crowdresolve grasp, view ! densc
b) fertile realisticimmigrate secondaty inferior disaster
import em igrate impressiveincrease dry, br en
122
s. ;-=
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs.t-.'.d . .éL -
destroy
fertile
harm
judge
multiplication
necessity
neighbour
promote
total
w orse
$LESSON B. PBACTICE TEST
Ynu will read a newspaper article lrcm Which six paragraphs have been rempved.(--llccse which 01 the parakraphs (A-G) Iits best intn lhe numbered japs (1-6)in lhe text There is pne exlra paragraqh which yct, dn nnl need tn use. Befcrercadinj sltldy the meaninj nI the fnllcwlnjwcrds tc avnid any difliculty nf under-
slandinj.l'oost (bu:st) (n) an increase in confdence, in economy, etcctlercion (koudmj'n) (n) the ttse of threats or orders to force smb to do smth(pdds godz) (n) probability how likely it is for smth to happenIlundit ('pandlt) (n) smb who knows a 1ot about a partieular subjectdefer (dIlf3:1 (v) delay smth until a later dateembark glm'bcuk) (v) start smth, especially smth challengingfalter ('fo:ltol (v) lose stabilitysoar gso:) (v) increase quickly to a high level
I.j.1. I IIIIOW-UP Activitiese I'tlint out the facts concerning overpopulation that you haven'tlleard about belbre reading the text.
* 'Iblk about the dangerous etological situations in Belarus.
5. Give the Enjlish equivalents fnr the fcllcwing Russian wnrds.
1. Oil spills are having a Vmpyugumevlbnuû) effect on coral reefs in the ocean.2. (Haomnocms acce-rleazlll) in the south of America is much higher thanin the North.
3. Insomnia and the feeling of dizziness (Moolcem #/azzlb esntanaj by con-stant (neèoeèanuej.
4. Some (Momuque treêczzle/) can be (cpeènblvuuj to our skin.5. (3KonoMunecKutï Arzlavc) dismrbed (paenocecue) between cost andprices which resulted in deep iniation.
6. They didn't give us any (nepeèstutKaj after a hard working day.7. The river was faacopena wlt?.*1) a long time ago.8. (Opocumeasuue cvczaearsl) make soils more (nvloèopoèns'Muj andpromote (pocmj of food crops.
9. Theinstmctionthatcamewithanewcomputerwasvevtp/aalda-mhzll).l0. A good dictionaty is (neo6xoèu-u) for learning a foreign language.1 1 . The matter has never been satisfactorily @etueno).12. Children at primary schools learn to (clulaàsuamb, omnuMamb, #.>Izztl-
iucamb u êe-rlzzzzlhl.13. fHoècuumano) that at least 47 000 jobs were lost in Elzrope last year.14. Rapid Qmcm zzf/cewezzzzx) unavoidably (npucoèum) in environmental
(yxyètuenuej.
%:v9 einy JJ&- AioarleGndDrtior decades the population explosion has been giving people nightmares.The world's human population increases by three every second and by
,t billion - equivalent to the present population of China - every decade.With fgures such as these, the gloom has been understandable. In his 1968lltlok ts-fhe Population Bomb'' Paul Ehrlich wrote: <%-fhe battle to feed all thellumanity is over. ln the 70s the world will tmdergo famines', hundreds oflnillions of people are going to stal've in spite of the crash programmes em-Ilarked upon now.''
4 1.Today, environmentalists argue that the crisis has been deferred, notavoided. Like M althus three centuries ago, they believe that the human racewill ultimately outgrow its ability to feed itself. Were population to increasefor ever, that would certainly be trtze. However, while the pundits have beenworrying, people everywhere have been changing their habits.
W orld population is still rising fast, but it is already plain, that theworst forecasts will never becom e reality. Far from reaching Efteen bil-
( .
lion, nearly three times today's figure, the odds are that it may never get
ten billion.
2 '
In China, this is the result of tough government policies on family sizgjbut, in many countries, including the United States and Brazil, it has be:achieved without coercion. ln most of Elzrope, the birthrate is now well b.., jj1ow replacement level. ln ltaly, for instance, it is just 1.2 and it is not muçd 'higher in Spain or Germany. j
So dramatic have been these changes that it is increasingly di/cult te ',jpredict future population levels. One attempt, carried out by the lnternation.al Instimte For Applied Systems Analysis in Austria, attempted to inclutkfuture changes in fertility along with such factors as mortality and migration,This exercise produced a wide range of projections of future population.
JSome doubters question whether even the lower estimates will defer dis.
aster. They claim the Green Revolution, which enabled food production testay ahead of population growth, is faltering. The disaster which Paul Ehf.lich so cov dently and erroneously predicted for the 70s could be waitinl jfor us in the new millennittm. (
4.The new wheat, which is a product of the International W heat and M aiz:
lmprovement Centre in M exico, produces nearly double the yield comparelwith the other best varieties - a huge boost compared with recent progress.
5.ln the past, economic growth has marched in step with population
growth. So what will happen when populations decline? One effect is obvi-ous: there will be fewer people of working age to support those in retire-ment at least during the transition phase. Also, it may prove much harder to
lrecnut people to do tmpopular jobs.
6.
Those who have gainted a rosy picttzre of an environment recovering itsnatttral beauty as the lmpact of human numbers declines could find that theopposite is nearer the truth.
(From ''AdvancedEnglish ''by Sue O 'Connelb
,j l'erhaps - but there seems no real reason for such pessimism. The im-l'rtlvements in plant productivity that made up the Green Revolutiont'illne from classical plant breeding, with no contribution from the new,Ctlld potentially far more signiâcant, genetic technologies. And, as thel ecent launch of a new wheat variety in New Delhi makes clear, it is alsollot yet appropriate to write off classical methods.'I'he change has come about because of dramatic drops in fertility inlnany countries. Replacement level, put at 2.1 children for each woman,has been reached in an increasing nttmber of countries.
Falling fertility and successes such as these show that there is at least acase for feeling optimistic about the futttre. Paradoxically, the greatestproblems may come not from soaring populations but from the declinesnow beginning to become evident in some developed countries.
I1. He was wrong. Like other scientists, he underestimated the effect of theGreen Revolution, which was transforming agricultural productivityeven as he wrote. But he was at least in good company. n e physicistLord Blackett spent much of the 60s worrying about how lndia was go-ing to feed its millions, even as new varieties of wheat and rice were
making that task easier.I(. Dr Lutz believes the tçideal'' fgttre achieved in the world in which both
fertility and mortality are low would be a population of 6.5 billion by theyear 2100. That seems pretty unlikely, even to optimists, but Dr Lutz
gives it a 60% chance of coming tnle.17. Even maintaining the infrastnlcture of modem society could become
harder as the tax base grows smaller. People hate to see the village schoolor the local hospital close, but that becomes inevitable when there are
fewer children to teach or patients to treat.G. Although the most likely peak fgure was predicted to be about 10 bil-
lion, much lower fgures were not ruled out. According to Dr WolfgllllgLutz, who edited the institute's report, çt-l'he widespread pessimism alnlykl4population explosions is exaggerated. W hat we have shown is thl't w#'can see the end of population growth on the horizon.''
111. F0lInw-Up Activity* W rite an essay on the problem of overpopulation colnl/itl lltgthe approach to the issue as dem onstrated in the two tevs. 4#4
this unit.
127
a '
T EEa Beveleped and Bevelnplngcnuntries in the Medern Wnrld
Great Britain has lost an empire and has not ydfound a role.
DeanAcheson (1893-19113
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
I-Reading and Cnmprehensinn Tasks
The fcllnwinj wnrds are essential fnr understandinj and disctlssink the malpideas nf the text Learn the meaning and prnnunciatinn cl these wnrds.
N ounsamenity godmirnltl) a useful or pleasant facilityboost Ebu:st) something that helps smth to increase or improve ;confusion (konlfqu:san) a state of uncertainty about what is happeningexodus ('eksodos) a situation in which many people leave a particularplace at the same timeheadquarters g,hedikwa:taz) the main building or oëce used by alarge organizationinsentive gln'sentlv) a motivation, iv uencejustice E'dsastls) faimess in the way people are keatedIoan (loun) an amotmt of money you borrow from a bankownership ('ounajkpl the fact of owning somethingVerbsadminister (odimlnlstoj here, make sure that smth is done fairly andin the coaect wayelect (Illekt) choose someone for an oëcial position by votingpromote (prolmout) help something to developretard (rl'tœdj delay, slow downstultify (lstaltlfalq prevent smth from developing into the best pos-sible wayspring (sprlpq up appear or develop quicklyteem (ti:mj be f'ull of people moving arotmdAdjectivescommunal (Ikomjunal) belonging to a community as a wholeexpatriate glks'patrlat) living in a foreign country
1281t
2. Practise the pmnunciaticn nf the fnllnwing gengraphical names.Apia ('elploj Polinesian ( poll'rii:zlan)?
IAsian ('eIJan) Ettropean (guora plon)New Zealand (nju: 'zi:lond) Japanese (jdsœpolni:z)Samoa (sa'maua)
4. Read the text carefully and dn the tasks that lnllnw.
The meaninj nf the fcllcwing internatinnal wnrds is mnst prnbably knnwn tn ynu.Make sure ynu irnnnunce them cnrrectly.
absolute ('œbsolu:t)analyst ('œnollst)authority (o:'0orItI)balance ('bœlanslconfusion gkon'fju:san)corps Eka:qcultivate g'kaltwelt)emigrant ('emlgrgnt)expert g'ekspa:t)ignore (Ig'no:)
inqation Elnlflegpnqimmigrant ('Imlgront)investor Elnlvesto)modernize ('modonalz)project ('prodsektqparliament ('pœlamontqplantation (plmnltel-fan)scheme gski:m)stability (stglbllltljvisa ('vi:zo)
PmJ-J în & v 4by DavidLamb
'@ amoa Sasa sat cross-legged in his one-room, open-air home, shooingaway chickens tlaat stnltted across tlze foor mats. Bananas cooked on
the wood stove. Naked children cried in nearby huts. From one hut came thevoice of Sinatra singing tçstrangers in the Night'' on a local radio station.
The sound of progress frightened Sasa. For most of his 50 years timehas stood still. Now small European-styled homes are springing up arpundhis village in Western Samoa and the yotmg men are leaving for New Zea-land. ln the town there are experts from a11 over the world advising theSamoan Government on many development projects that Sasa does not un-derstand.
Thepeople of Luattzanuu Village - including his eight children - havealways worked the banana plantations and respected the custom that theMatals (family chiefs) like Sasa represented absolute authority.
They owned all the land communally, they elected a parliament and theyadministered justice in each village, thus leaving few duties for the nation's219-man police force. Would a11 that, too, change? Sasa wondered.
129
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yL,. . .
'r'f.''-:iIg)(.jtjjjtjgjj,,s àiLï.qf3i(L-. )ltjgk;ûr)jhi:: )(jy s.j . :... - .r. àykyjjjyjjjjy .
.-. ,
. .-. .-:.i:'-y;)lëijjè. i.i . . .... i'El. : -j-
<:We are a poor cotmtry and change must come,'' Sasa said throughtranslator. tçBut I do not want it so fast. I do not want my children to go teNew Zealand to look for big money. l want them to stay here in Luatuanuq :and work our plantations as we always have done.''
The confusion Sasa feels is shared by many of the 1 50,000 W estern Sa.moans - and undoubtedly by the peoples of other newly independent, devel.oping nations as well. The capital, Apia, is teeming with people wanting to (help: an 8o-member US Peace Corps headquarters, experts from the Unitel !Nations, investors from Japan, analysts from the Asian Development Bank :and civil engineers from New Zealand.
Already streets are being tonz up for a new road system. The hospital isbeing rebuilt with a loan from New Zealand. A new f 1 million Governmenthotel has opened to prom ote tourism - an industry the country is not quite ? i
isttre it wants. A loan from the Asian Development Barlk will modernise th: , )communications system. Japanese investors have opened a sawmill and are 'building houses. W hen these and many other development schemes ar4 5completed and Western Samoa, one of the world's poorest nations in cashterms, is forced into the twentieth centmy what is to become of its culture? î
t<Most Samoans want the modem amenities, but they don't want to :throw away our culture to get them,'' said Felise Va'a, editor of the Samoaa .Times. ttThere is no easy answer because in many ways our culture retardsdevelopment. The question people are asking is, what is a balance betweenthe past and the futtzre?''
The tradition of communal land ownership stultifes individual incentive 'and has resulted in neglect of the land. The system of permitting only the na-tion's 15,000 M atais to elect 45 of the 47 MPs destroys political involve-ment. The exodus to New Zealand - and the money the emigrants send .home - creates a false economy and results in thousands of Samoan familiesignoring the land and living offthe earnings of their expatriate children.
130 ,i
New Zealand permits 1,500 Western Samoan immigrants a year andell('l1 year 1,500 - one per cent of the population - go. They, together withflkt'llsands of other Samoans in New Zealand on temporary work visas, sendll' 'll'e about f 3 millions a year. The money provides a boost to Western Sa-I,t4):t*s agricultural economy, but it also is iv ationaly and the iv ation rateltll?; been 35 per cent in two years.
Westem Samoa hms travelled a long way in the 12 years since independ-elttle. It has political stability and a people who are 90 per cent literate. It offerstllvestors a cheap labotlr force, and a land that is 80 per cent uncultivated. It. .1 lèrs visitors the most tmcorrupted Polynesian culture left anywhere today.
(From ''Inside Meaning '')
5. Here is a list d the main ideas cf the text Match them with the apprnpriate para-graph.
l . Samoa is a poor colmtry but it needs change..1. Sasa doesn't want young people to emigrate.(. Sasa is frightened by progress..1. Samoans want a balance between past and future.$. They think their electoral system is undemocratic.(,. Sasa doesn't want changes so fast.The money sent by emigrants is good for economics but it causes infationand neglect of land.
8. Many other Samoans share Sasa's confusion about the changes in the
country.9 Sam oans want benelhs of progress but don't want to lose their traditionalculture.
Fncus nn the specific details and give extensive answers ln the qtlestinns belnw.
1. Where is Samoa sittlated2. How o1d is Sasa?3. How many èhildren are there in his family?4. Does he speak English?5. W hat do the village and Sasa's house look like?6. W hat have the Samoan people always been engaged in?7. How was their life organized before changes came?8. W ho is involyed in the process of changing life in Samoa?9. W ho are the changes fnanced by?10. How much money has been spent by the govemment on a new hotel'?l 1. W hat is the purpose of opening the new hotel?1 2. W ho offered a loan for modernizing the commtmications system'?
and what is its capital and population?
. . 1
13. W hat is the contribution of Japanese investors? illcentive political stability14. W hat will be the result of the mlmerous development schemes that jltljitical involvement uncorrupted Polynesian ctlltllrtt
derway in Samoa at present? Itylse economy elect a Parliamentun15. What is the question Samoans ask about culture and dtvelopment? t expatriate children administerjustice16. How many immigrants from Wèstem Samoa does New Zealand permt tcmporary work visa promote tourism
it Xea'? T iculmral economy retard developm entllgr17. W hat has the iniation rate been over the last two years? kujjation rate18. What achievements has W estern Samoa gained in the 12 years of its ily
dependence? - .-adjective + noun noun + noun verb + noun
(+ nouzl) (+ noun)Il-Text Features and Lanjuaçe Focus , - -,-
dcrn amenities àanana plantation provide a boost-d. Presenting Quantitative Data in the Text mo' -
' . - . ..- = 7..
'
turing the economic and cultural situation ofa . # inyopang prscfls/sryIt is natural that a textfea ( efr.p should abound inhgures and numbers which the author uses to 'coun
giveprecise and accurate information. 1 cnmbine the verbs cn the Ieft with the apprnpriale pcst-pnsitinns cn the riqht teh variety ofpatterns in which numerals are used in this text: 7 ' hich they areNote t e make cnrrect phrasal verhs frnm the text. Recall the situalinns in w
e.g. soyears'time; 1500 Western Samoans, etc. nsed in the text and give p tlr nwn examples With them.)
shoo upl ith num erals and analyze the patterns in Spring away
* Pick out m ore examp es which they are used in thv text. lo0k withW teem for
be torn offB. Identifying Typical Word Collocations jjve away
, throw up
Note thefrequent use ofvarious fyrc.ç ofword-combinations in the text: lia) aœective + noun, e.g. apoor countnb. 2- Replace the italicized wcrds in the sentences belcw Ly their equivalents frcmb) noun + noun, e.g. the communications system; the lextc) verb + noun, e.g. to work aplantation. j who ever we went 'to town new supermarkets appeared in no time.
2. Serious health problems made him retire early.3. A new television series about this beautiful island will increase the local
* Group the collocations in the following list according to their type. toulist industzyopen-air home civil engineers 4. New road safety rules and updated driving standards have led to a de-European-stylled homes new road system crease in road accidents.development projects communications system 5. cold weather and constant rains slowed down the growth of many agricul-absolute authority cash terms tural crops in this area.land community communal land ownership , 6. At this tim e of the year this sm all seaside town is usually crowded witlt
olice force individual ) tourists.pk
132 ' 133l
. (
3. Fill in the apprnpriate hoxes with the wcrds frcm the text related tc the enIin the chart
Verbs Nouns Adjectives
analyze
Conunkne
depcndent '
involve
doubt
comlpt (
head h
modern 't tcultivatc ,
near
literacyt
Carn jt
. '
jpennit (
) ï
invest
policyj '
own jj :)
4. Translale lhe Yllcwing sentences usinj the vncabtllary cf the lext
1. K co-aaeuMlo, noH e.u B axolloMuxe 68121 Jmms BpeMeuublM. t2. Jle'ru TaK pacmyMezmcs, HTo eMy npHlilzzocs npoznamb Hx. ,j3. Bc, cHcereMa o6yqellux B cpeaueBexosoii Itlxozle noèasawla HHJIAIBHJIP
4 HexoTopsle IlzlTepzlatmouazlszlble czlosa Mory'r cTa'rs Moognsw u'' #y- j'3bv u uepesoauuxa.
?)'
aJIEHOCTG MO IIJHXCS.
134
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Read lhe ltdlnwing arljcle abptll Iotlr cnunlries that nfler Wnrk experience cppor-ttlnities fnr ynunj penile. rcr questicns 1-13, chnnse frBm the cnuntries (A-B).The cntlntries may be chcsen mcre than cnce.
I (()';MO)KH()cT1a IIOJIDIHTb pa6o'l'y rlepeBoaqllKa W lJ1a a.rl.q Hero npeKpac-/1/,1,v cm l# yaoM an.q xopollle; yqe6bl.I'clllhl11e B CaMoa JIIOAH e aèellu 3eMJle; KOJIjleKmMGRo./szz///#-zff//#zzlzz'/z OOH Haxoym3u B HblO-lzlopKe.) ttpltaaHBoe H xOJIOaH0e J1eTO B HPOIIIJIOM roay 3tlMeèJl14Il0 POCT MHOIOHXt'eniycKoxo3o c'rBeHllblx Kynb'ryp.
i/ f llla 0cTaHOBH.1Iacb f cMllmenuu, He 3HaSy ltN a HaTH.l t ) ' I'paYazllarapcKax luomaab 6ceeèa a/zzzzc 'DTHCTaMH M3 PDHBIX C'rPaH.I 1 I Io Bcex UHBHJIIOOBaHHBIX c'rpaHax npaeocyèue tlcylljeceldalleplcll c
l lOMOmblO CyaOB.l .' M olloaoii ceMbe 6bIJIa rlpearloeella ccyèa Ha CTPOHTO LCTBO ;mMa.l 4 Ylbl IIPHHHMaeM C6'6pebfennbneyèt4cm6.a Kak JIOJIIKHOC, HO B T0 Wte BPe-
MJI BO MHOI-HX PD BHBaIOHJHXCS C& aHax Jllolm He HMCIOT 6JIaFOIIPHST-Illalx YCJIOBIG a.rls IKH3HH
l '1 . MllorHe 3eMeJlBHLIe yLIaCTKH B DTOM Paiiolle OCTaJIHCL Heok aûomttl4-llh/.4f/.
1 %. PexfaMzlble arencerBa Hac'ro npm yMslBaloT pa3llHqHlxle crloco6bl ipIl
npoèeuiucenun HOBLIX TOBaPOB.1 t'. tlzleHbl npaBnelllu co6parm cb c uenlalo u% panua HoBoro nperm aeyl'ra.
111. F0lI0w-Up Actlvities* Talk about social, eeonom ic and cultural problem s that many ofthe developing countries are faced with.
* W rite a short essay about the tendencies in the economic and cul-tural changes in your country over the last few decades, use statis-tical data where possible.
e vcpY mazT,4 . INDIAMagical lndia is a land of many contrasts. lt is impossible to generaliseabout this subcontinent and everyone has a different experience and differ-ent opinions. To live in India is to be pal4 of a way of life totally tmlike any-
thing else.
135
People who volunteer to work in India spend up to six months at a tim . 'in the south of lndia. lt's an area with a special feel to it - the villages aq 'farms feed local people well, while the temples, sometimes built on gre 2
' iritual needs. 4 )rocks overlooking the plain, satisfy people s spSouth lndian community life is very close; if you work there you will b: ld as an addition to any school or family that you join. The food is fl ltreate
mous for its variety of spices, vegetables and fruit and many people are veg. ietarians.
You will find yourself helping with both primaly and seconda/ school.children. Some schools also hàve children as young ms nursery age, and yotlmay well have the chancè to work with them as well.Travelling in lndia oflkrs great opportunities. The rainy seasons itl
June and July and October keep the climate cooler, and do not lnterfere withdaily life.
B. GHANA )Ghana is a colourful country of thick tropical forests, wild savannah ofbush and great beaches. lt is home to one of Africa's friendliest and mostwelcoming people. The Ashanti built their kingdom on Ghana's gold - theifcountry used to be called the Gold Coast. Modern Ghanaian culture is opend iedan Var .In recent years Ghana has atlracted new money, and many Ghanaians
have returned home from working or studying abroad bringing new invest-ments and ideas with them. ' l
In Ghana people attach great importance to social and community events 1le are deeply religious. The ofhcial language is English but 2 l
and m any peop , çthe main spoken languages are Ewe, Twi and Ga. y )
, 'tChildren and their parents see education as a way to betterjobs and good ;lives and children work hard at school. If you are working with young chil-dren in a primary school, you will find that teaching lively songs and rhymesis very pbpular.Travelling around is cheap. Local minibuses, buses and trains oyerate
throughout most of the country azïd wherever you go you will be glven awarm welcome.
C'. NEPALlf you choose to work in Nepal, you will lind a well-established progrmnme
for volunteers, particularly in the cafjtal Kathmandu.You will be offered opportunitles in schools both in and around the tcity, ranging from well-equipped independent and state schools to much tsmaller ones set up to help children who, without an education, would . jhave no future. t
ll36 E
Vipltlnteers spend up to six m onths at a time working w ith childrcn from(11(- ;1)',t)s of live to seventeen. You have a choice of working in busy K;!tI)-II,,,l1(f'1, one of the villages in Kathmandu Valley or in the peacclbl tflwll (,1'f'' 'l,.:lt41 at the base of the great Armapurna mountain range by the sltores ()1*ll#t- llt.:lutiful Phewa Lake. Accommodation is either with host families or 1()-
# 49 1 l pllstels.l'Ile surrounding countryside is excellent for walking and clilnbillg.
l't 'kltillg on the lake, and white-water rafting in the mountain rivers.
t ). -I'IJGOl 9'p,(, in West Africa is situated between Ghana and Benin.l $ 'I11e, is on the coast close to the Ghanaian border.
'Ibgo's official language is French and although Togo has been inde-I't.lldent since 1960 the French influence is still evident, from the architec-
lllle to the food.Lome is said to have the best market in West Africa and the Togolese
iII e warm and hospitable people. Accommodation is cheap; you can chooset$' stay with a host family or you may prefer to 'hnd your own room or
klllartrnent.The south of the country is flat with lagoons along the lenyth of the
t'tlast, but as you travel north the land becomes hilly and rich wlth coffee
Illantations.W e can
classes range
offer you work opportunities in srcondary schools where thein age from 1 1-20.
The capital city,
(From ''First Cert#cate Practice Tests plus 2 ')
W hicll of the countries1 . makes special mention of its city-based projects?2. offers diflkrent types of schools?3. has a European feel to it?4. will accept you directly into the community?5. can rely on parental support for its education programme?6. would you choose if you want to work with pre-school-age7. offers a variety of sporting activities?8. is recommended for its shopping?9. is benefiting from its own people's experience abroad?l0. might require you to learn a local language?l 1 . gives you a choice of accommodation?12. would appeal to someone who doesn't eat meat?13. suggests that it offers unique opportunities?14. offers a stimulating classroom atm osphere?
children?
. 3r
(lJ l a cemparlsens and StereatypesAn Englishman's never happy but when h.miserable; a Scotsman's never at home bwhen he's abroad, and an Irishman's never
' ft hting. 7.piece but when he s gAn Englishprovnp
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING ki2 .
1. Reading and Cpmprehensinn Tasks:
1. The lcllcwinj wnrds are essential fnr understanding and discussing the malj kideas nf the text Learn the meaning and prcntlnciatinn nf these wnrds.
Nounscleanliness ('klenllnas) the state of being clean 'dissent gdllsent) the fact of expressing opinions diflkrent from thos:that are oë cially acceptedfrustration gfralstrel-fan) the feeling of annoyance or impatiencerescue g'reskjur) the act of saving smb from a dangerous or di/cultsituationstrain gstrem) wony by having to work hard over a long period of timeVerbsbrand (brœnd) describe smb unfairly as being bad and lmpleasantflounder ('flaundoj here speaking as if you were unable to decidewhat to saymumble g'mambl) say smth in a quiet voice in a way that is not clear ;venture ('ventjbj do/say smth in a careful way becatlse it might osend smb. ' k
Adjectivesappalling (o'po:1Ip) shocking, extremely badcautious ('ko:Jas) doing/saying smth to avoid danger or mistakes 'dreadful g'dredfal) very bad or unplèasant 1immense (I'mens) extremely large or greattremendous (trosmendosj very great '
2 ne meaning cf the fnllnwinq internatinnal wnrds is mcst prcbably kncwn tn ynu. !Make stlre ynu prnnnunce them cnrrectly. j 1
1 j 'adultery (a daltxl! mania ( melnlo) )
i 11 g ortglmœtlkgll) perpetual (polpetj-uol) lautomat ca y 1 'j It (
k. !138 i
t'Clfcgorically gjkœtl'gorlkpll)t'slll formist (kgnlfolmlst)cflnsensus gkcnlsensoslItlcus g'foukos)
Read the text carefully and dn the tasks that fnllnw.
TravA rî A J,J
radical E'rœdlkal)social ('souJJl)thenuometer (og'mnmllo Itotally ('toutollq
y wife and l fotmd out quite a lotabout England while we were in
Alllerica; and we've fotmd out a thing orIwt) about America since we've beenll:tck in England. Various people haveltsked us what America was like, andSlhen, when we've iotmdered about hope-lessly, mllmbling that it was big, havekindly come to ottr rescue and told us,('I'ten telling us what we thought of thelllace as well. We enjoyed visiting it,lput we slzouldn't like to live there; thatseems to be the consensus of opinion -;t conclusion that satisfes pretty well
by Jf. lb'raln
eve1yone.Ourgood
larly helpful,about a thing.
lçwjaat
friends Christopher and Lavinia Crtlmble have been particu-as they always are when it comes to knowing what to think
you must have found so dreadf'ul was the whole pace of life overthere, I should thinkr'' says Christopher. E<W ouldn't you, darling?''
<toh you must have found it a perpemal strain,'' says Lavinia. tçMustn't>
'
they, darling?'' l cast my mind back desperately, trying to focus it on thePace of American Life. çéW ell,'' 1 begin cautiously.
&tI mean,'' says Christopher, 4tl gather the social presslzres are tremen-
dous, for a start.''Social Presstzres. Now, let's think, did l come across a Social Pressure?
Kx'Well '' 1 venture.ttAnd the strains of commuting,'' says Lavinia. xxWhich is something thatseems absolutely appalling to us, because as you know we are very commit-ted to the idea of acttzally living in town aren't we, darling? - which l
know is unheard of in America.''
X'
1%Oh we1l...'' 1. qyve evidence tn preve nr disprove the fnllnwinl statements.tçAnd slipping away at weekends to our little place in the cotmtty'' sayl jjve in pzgund
.il i h 1 suppose is something the Americans don't have at all, ' 1 1lC atlthor and his wifeChziëtopher. W h c , jth their fhends.
> ' 1 ltey Often talk about America w
since it s entirely occupied by al1 those immense suburban housing develop. jw crumbles dislike about Amelica is the pace of life there.,,
1 l 1)e only thing tments... . (j us wife enjoyed their stay in America.if ' t'hin# 1 Should hatez'' says Lavinia, içit would be t: 1 1 '10 atlthor an
And if there s one . ,1 jstopher and Lavinia Cntmble found out quite a lot about America, ( ) (.fnd myself stuck in a suburban ranch-type house surrounded by nothing but us witk
.I 1 ()m the author andshiny domestic gMdgets, and housewives committing adultery and goinjmad frot2 boredom and fnzstration.'' j tju ja! jn' l it a1l now! We met the wrong 1ot of housewives! W e went 5' Give extensive ansWers tc the fcllcwing qtlestinns àbcllt the details 0
Oh God! see jcjj tyje.
to the wrong 1ot of houses!ç<of cotzrse,'' says Christopher. ç*tzife is a dreadf'ul rat-race over there a1. ''we enjoyed visiting it, but we shouldn't like to live there.'' Whose opin-
together. 'l'he trouble is that Americans are so tremendously conformist. ion is this?Aren't they, darling?'' ' ( 'hristopher says çWouldn't you, dnrling'?' Who are these words addressed to?
HOh, if you express any sort of dissent at a11 you're automatically brand. . $ what was the weather like when the author arrived in New York?ed as a Communist. Aren't you, darling?'' j ,1 . comment on the italicized word Emust' in the text.
The Rat Race! That's what l should have been looking at! The Confolnm ' .,. when the writer talks about 'the dangers of generalizing from one's ownism! All the people getting branded as Communists! Bitterly regret a1l the lîmited experience', what is he suggesting?time we spent knocking around with people who expressed the most radical ' jdissent on every subject, and who totally failed to get themselves branded as n pcjnt cut tje thjnjs that the Crumbles dislike abcut America an1 give their rea-Com munists at all. scns jcr this kind cf atlitude.
K'How did you get on with all that air-conditioning?'' asks Christopherith a smile. ' * Pace Of life * Weather and climateW ttwelr', I begin, u-when we arrived the thennometer was in the eiehties. . * oreoackaeed food . tmbearable children
' '' - '
' ' * Aw o
-
m en a-nd clothes . politic 'al system
with very high h'Imidity and we were extremely glad of... lttl suppose with their mania about oersonal cleanliness.'' savs Lavinia. ' * social Dressures * music and entertainments'tthey were al1 dashina off to take show Jrs everv five minute's?'' ' ' ' ' * StrainsAof commutina * zadeets and aopliancestçwell when the 'femperature's 80 or 90, an-d the humidity is ...', . . mania of cleanlines '-s . -bor-ed house -wi-ves
; ( ,tçl-low did you get on with the food over there?'' laughs Christopher.
E<Y'ou must be quite pleased to see decent frtzit and vegetables again, after a11 ' jl yex! Features and Lanjuage Focus, ., @ -the Pavourless, prepackaged stuff you get over there. M ustn t they, darling? :
l start to explain that by some unforttmate local atypicality the fruit and 'y W. Implicationvegetables we came across were in fact better than English fnut and vegeta- !bles. But already we're on to American children. It turns out we met the , yyjx text is not to givefacts but to convey atti-The writer s purpose in twrong 1ot of American children, too! A11 the ones we met were delightful, .. ! tudes and opinions. gt is oyvious that the writer and his wjfc don t sharewhich just goes to show the dangers of generalizing from one's own lim- , ; tye critica-statements oftheir koodpiends' about the American peo-ited experience, because the Cnzmbles are able to asslzre us categorically ' / pye writer ,s attituae to their zwpwr/cs js aearly ironicgl; howeveö
# B.that American children are in fact unbearable. tyis attitude is not expressed in a straighforward wtzy in the text. TheAnyway, they're sure we're glad to be back. And as they say, it's marve- device widely employed by the author for this purpose is implication,
lous to hear at frst hand exactly what America is like. Particularly since it j e apatuy.e y writing reyered to when the actual meaning is /c.# un-turns out to be so much like they'd always supposed. ' i'd' yut u easily recognized.sa
(From ''Inside Meaning')
l40
* Choose from the sentences below those that carry an impll :'meaning and explain the implications.
1. Oh God! 1 see it a11 now! We met the wrong lot of housewives! We wto the wrong 1ot of houses!
2. Bitterly regret a11 the time we spent knocking arotmd with people w -expressed the most radical dissent on every subject.
3. But already we're on to American children.4. lt ttu'ns out we met the wrong 1ot of American children, too!5. You must be quite pleased to see decent fzuit and vegetables again.6. How did you get on with the food over there?7. Particularly since it turns out to be so much like they'd always supposell
#. Word M eaning and Word Com bination
1. Lcnk at the wcrds belcw and decide which cl the given meaninjs are carredin the text '
automatically a) formally b) immediately c) instrumentallycommute a) commlmicate b) contact c) kavel (to work)developments a) areas b) growth c) improvementgather a) collect b) pick up c) tmdezstand 'jparticularly a) importantly b) especially c) partly , t jradical a) liberal b) cnzcial c) strong ' ' '
2. Match lhe ctdlccaticns jrcm the text in the left cnlumn with lheir equivalentscn the right t
lbe branded help smb in a diëcult sittzation ,for a start try to remember something that happened a long
time ago '!
focus on general agreement $, 'jpace of life by direct personal experience ' 'Iperpetual strain be devoted to .
be on to smth a simation in which people are competing with oth- ) !for success # ier
!at first hand be described as a bad type of person (ohen tmfairly) 1be committed to concentmte on jconsensus of opinion begin with tcome to one's rescue the amotmt of activity in people's lives lrat race 'cast one's mind back
stress continuing for a long period of timeswitch over to another subject
142
)' 4-'tlmlline the intensilying and padicularizing adjectives and advcrbs gn the leltwith nctlns, verhs and adjectives nn the right tc make expressive callpcalipnslrum tlle text
vcdrious1$ 1 yldlyIll'ettyIlCtrticularlytfesperatelyCkbsolutelyentirelylremendously ,the wrongautomaticallybitterlyradicalextremelycautiouslycategorically
wellhelpftzl
appallingpeopleconformistcom eoccupiedlotbegingladbrandedassureregretdissent
( : Reinforcing VocabularyCnmplete the fcllnwing sentences usinq the suitable phrasal verhs frnm the dcx
belcw.I . Excuse me, please, if 1 . .... . now, 1 have a meeting in several minutes.We didn't enjoy the party and . . . . . . after an hottr with a quick word ofthanks to olzr hostess.3. I .. . an o1d photo in our family album, which I had never seen before.
4. 5Ve were late for the meeting as we got in a tralc jam for half anhour.
5. He spent most of the weekend . .... . the house.6. He lost the next page of his speech and . . . .. . for a few seconds.7. As events . ... . . we were right to have decided to leave early.8. We were . . . . .. quite well with the decorating of otlr house.9. When she arrived at the airport she ..... . that her flight had been cancelled.
find out knock around dash off get on
slip away tttrn out com e acrossiounder about be stuck in
l43
2. Fill in. the apprcpriate lmxes With Wcrds frcm the text related tn the cn 6. M lacav u JI 'lac'ro BoaBpam alocb x CBOHM ttllcozlbubm roaaM.In the thai 7. l-loapocTlcu qacTo caonxwmc.a no yaHuaM, Tax xax y HHx HeT MilTepec-
Hslx aaagrryli.verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs 8. OHa c tmx#fH OrM aellacb no CTOPOHaM, nper e HeM nocnyqa'rly B m epb.
' 9. Koraa zlloaH slle3anHo noxlyscTsosaaH aarfax aslMa, ouH 6pocwlucs xbear gstxoèy.
l 0. OHa pemltna ocrrasHx csolo Gzlecu m ylo xapsepy 11 nozlHocn lo nocqx-brand . mumb ce6x ca we. .
!
tegory l 1 . CnacaTenbllas Jloillfa npuuxna A// na oujb JIXTCMeHaM BO Bpem IJITOPMa.Cal 2. Koraa oHa oc-ueauaacb lhzlmallolh cBoe MueHHe, qTo npoex'r Gyae'r
cautious cauttlxoxj aoporocTolmllM, aMPCKTOP IIPOHrHOPHPOBaJI 3TO.l 3. Koraa rlpymzlocb Bpem oao6pll'rb npem olxelme, 6bIno Heclcozlbxo qe-
confonn JIOBeK, <upaauelaùx uecoaacue.
clean , l4. BeMep HMe.q nompacalouluû ycnex H Bce MBI rfozlyqHzlu orpoMHoe yao-Bollbc'rBlle.
delight l jj ou uw -w nposopMomaa, Ho B To lxe BpeMs aocTaTvllo I'POMKO, qTO6bI' MbI aTo ycnblttlarm .despair , l6. OHa omqaanuo nbl'raqacs noMoHb eMy #I36aBHTscl o'r BpeaHblx npHshI-
dread uelq, Ho 6eaycnetlmo.17. Mo? noapyra cxaaaaa, qTo yMepzla 61,1 om ce zœ , eczm 6bI e; npHllulocb
entire OCTaTBCS TaM eme Ha OJm H MCCSIJ.
lwpe '; 111. F0lI0w-Up Activities:
limit * Have you (or someone you know well) been to America? Does your(his, her) opinion of America coincide with that expressed by
. package Christopher and Lavinia Crum bles?
ress * W hat do you think of people like the Crumbles?
p
typical . LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Read the travel article and lhe tcpic sentences belnw, which have heen remcved3. Translate frnm Russian intc Enjlish using the vccahulary nf the text jrcm tja uyt
. Métcj jjye jcpjc senunces (1-:) wjtjjjye jarajraphs cf the adicle1. HM npumnocs aosozfsuo aozllo lxaa'rs as-ro6yca B owyyxacnym noroay. (A-E).There is nne extra tniic sentence which pu will n:t need.2. B'stcmpblû zzle&fa iucuanu B 5021BmHx ropoaax BBI3slBaeT nocmoxunoe h
u ' w nxsar;ld##NOd HanpANceHue y MHOCZX Jlrfle .3. OaHO H3 caMblx 6ollbltlHx (0C06eHHO HeFIPHSTHBIX) HeYAO6CTB IKH3HH Bropoae - aTO enèa lzlymzlrzl/llo.H Ha pa6o'ry H o6parrHo. A
.
4. C paHHero Bo3pac'ra aeTeii HCO6XOAHMO O6yqaTb npa6lula.u Jllzqzz/li zu-zuenu. But what is it about Zanzibar that makes it seem so exotic to people who
' 5. BopaM He yAanocsycKoabanyltlb zfeafw evezfzlst&fzz. , have never been there, and hardly know where it is?(
144 I45
1
àp jB.
jAlthough there are a few smart hotels in the capital Stone Town, the 77
are no magnifcent buildings. Even the Catholic cathedral is drab, and thi l ''' 'Portuguese fort
, built in 1700, is nm-down and shabby. But there s a ( 4lightful maze of scrtzffy streets full of tall buildings with massive ornatjdoors and plaster falling offthe walls. '
' j
C . '
The narrow streets are full of local people buying their daily neccssi. jties in small, poky shops or from kiosks at the side of the road, which sell r
der anl ?everything from cigarettes and fzzy-drinks to washing-up powtins of meat. There is the constant clatter of furniture being made, an1along the sea-front a riot of stalls sell carvings of African tribesmen, ani.mals, drums - a1l those things you instantly regret buying the momcntyou get hom e.
1
D
Palm trees fringe the golden sands and sway gently in the breeze. The 'roar of the waves m ixes with the voices of the local wom en who chat and
.
'
yjjyy.jjjs .
'
:,
'
kjyygiggle as they walk along the shore collecting seaweed. An occasional fis - ,erman strolls past carrying his catch in his hand.
E.
Lighting com es from a storm lam p and a ceiling fan m oves the warmair lazily around the room . Meals are served in a little restaurant nearbywhich serves freshly-caught lish and shellfsh: tender octopus, big, tastyprawns a11 washed down with a bottle of Sprite. Delicious. And a1l for just!
.$16 a nlght.
(From ''f andmark')
l . The beach btmgalows are simple but more than adequate.2. The beaches are from your fantasies.3. Few names conjure up such romance and mystery as that of Zanzibar, onthe east coast of Africa.
4. Everyone is trying to sell you som ething.5. 'The place is vibrant with ordinary day-to-day life.6. The appeal of the place is actually in its scnlë ness.
146
OPTIONAL READING
c?;N J#, Kumanîyby Jimmy Carter
//'.e- tlrs is an age of complexity, contradic-I J tion, and challenge. As we enter the.' I .$t century, we have wealth and technolo-#!v llnmatched in human experience, andfldi' fbrtunate few who live in the world'sttt.veloped nations are almost inevitablyj,l t'pelled toward a future enriched by ad-viyllees in computers, communication, and11 1t- sciences.
But for m ost of the world's peoplet l,t? glittering opportunities of the new cen-l ll1 y are beyond reach. There are more$ llitl4 six billion of us on Earth, and by.' I ()0 we number ten billion. Most
andm ay
w i 11 live in urban centers, m any areI lkely to live short and impoverished lives, lacking the wealth or aware-lless to address problems of life in crowded cities: disease, inadequateltlod, and unsafe water.
We face tremendous challenges as populations soar, mostly in the poor-er nations, and as consumption increases in the industrialized world. W elllust lind ways to lessen the bttrden on Earth's resources, and we must en-courage better stewardship of the planet so that a1l of us live in a clean andIlroductive environment. The decisions we make in the decades to comewill affect not only a1l of human civilization but also the fate of thousands()f species representing millions of years of evolution.
A1l too often our fondest expectations arè frustrated. How can we healour planet and achieve an Earth that nurtlzres humanity and natlzre in al1 theirdiversity? As individuals we can act to reduce our risk of exposure to diseaseand extend care to others. As communities and as nations we can educate ourcitizens, legislate ethically and wisely, and support organizations that con-duct reyearch and help those who are ill.
Perhaps the most important challenge for the new century is to sharewealth, opportunities, and responsibilities between the rich and the poor -for a world where the chasm between rich and poor grows wider will beneither stable nor secure. So far we have not made enough of a commit-
ment to this goal. Nearly a billion people are illiterate. M ore than hall' t 'world's people have little or no health care and less than two dollars 11for food, clothing, and shelter. Some 1.3 billion live on less than one dola day. At the same time, the average household income of an Ameriçfamily is more than $55 000 a year, with much of the industrialized wot? kenjoying the same, and ln some cases an even higher, standard of matetlblessings. ''
A partial answer to the problem lies in a growing number of private ..
forts, some quite small. The success of these efforts reamrms my faith ththis is a time not for despair but for a global commitment to make the mnof our scientifc knowledge to address the problems of our age. Over thnext year National Geographic will highlight challenges for humanity in21st centtzry: the global fght to control disease, to make our food safe an (our water clean, to live together frtzitfully in megacities. The problems may'seem insunnountable, but they are not. W e have the tools; we have brilliantjdedicated people to :nd answers. A1l we need is a sense of sharing and th4will to change. The will can grow from understanding. Once we understanu,We Can care, and OnCe We Care, We Can change.
(From ''Xc/t/cr 's Digest ')
7f- gh an MJ ö'J/- vnnfmhe appearance of the island when l came on deek next morning wa'saltogether changed. Although the breeze had now utterly failed, we
had made a great deal of way during the night, and were now lying be-calmed about half a mile to the south-east of the 1ow eastern coast. Grey-coloured woods covered a large pa14 of the surface. This even tint was in- 'deed broken up by streaks of yellow sandbreak in the lower lands, and by
!many tall trees of the pine family, out-topping the others - some singly,some in clumps; but the general colouring was unifonnfand sad. The hillsran up clear above the vegetation in spires of naked rock. A11 were strangely 'shaped, and the Spy-glass, which was by three or four hundred feet the tall-est on the island, was likewise the strangest in conliguration, running up 1sheer from almost every side, and then suddenly cut off at the top like adestal to put a statue on.Pe .. lkThe Hispaniola was rolling scuppers under in the ocean swell. The
booms were tearing at the blocks, the nldder was banging to and fro, and , jthe whole ship creaking, groqning, and jumping like a manufactozy 1 had E tto cling tight to the backstay, and the world turned giddily before my 1, :
' for though I was a good enough sailor when there was way on, this j' leyes, îlstanding still and being rolled about like a bottle was a thing l never ' t.
148
Sill I1t'(l to stand without a qualm or so, above a1l in the morning, on anè t stomach.Mlltjl y
I't-'1 Ilaps it was this - gerhaps it was the look of the islands with its grey,elelaltl'lloly woods, and wlld stone spires, and the s'urf that we could both see#flf l lltclr foaming alzd thundering on the steep beach - at least, although thejllll ?.;11t)ne bright and hot, and the shore birds were fshing and crying a11x,4 ,,111(1 us, and you would have thought any one would have been glad to getIit Iktlltl after belng so long at sea, my heart sank, as the saying is, into myIt' 'ç 'ls'. and from that first look onward, I hated the very thought of Treasure
I r-'
d
l $ 1 I l ( l .We had a dreary morning's work before us, for there was no sign of#IIIv wind, and the boats had to be got out and malmed, and the ship warped1111 ce or four miles round the corner of the island and up the narrow pas-Na).',t! to the haven behind Skeleton Island. 1 volunteered for one t)f thel'4,;'ls, where 1 had, of courses no business. The heat was sweltering, and1116. Inen grumbled fercely over their work. Anderson was in command ofIlly boat, and instead of keeping the crew in order, he grumbled as lotltl as
lltc worst.ttWell '' he said with an oath, ftit's not for even''
7 'i thought this was a very bad sign; for, up to that day, the fhen had pjllct'l iskly and willingly about their business; but the vezy sight cf thc islrtlltl11:1(1 relaxed the cords of discipline.
Al1 the way in, Long Jolm stood by the steersman and conned the sllip.l Ie knew the passage like the palm of his hand; and though the man il1 tlpeS'Itains got evezywhere more water than was dow'n in the chart, John llever
Ilcsitated once.çç-l-here's a strong scour with the ebb,'' he said, çland this here passêylw'
Ilas been dug out, in a manner of speaking, with a spade.''We brought up just where the anchor was in the charq about a third t) 1. ;t
ltlile from either shore, the mainland on one side, and Skeleton Island (,1) tllt'(lther. The bottom was clean sand. The pltmge of our anchor sent up c1(1lI(ls()f birds wheeling and crying over the woods; but in less than a minute tlleywere down again, and all was once more silent.
The place was entirely land-locked, buried in woods, the trees clllllilpgright down to hiyh-water mark, the shores mostly flat, and the hilltops st:l,)ll-ing round at a dlstance in a soz't of amphitheayre, one here, one there. 'I'w()little rivers, or, rather, two swamps, emptied out into this pond, as you llliglllcall it; and the foliage round that pal4 of the shore had a kind of poisollflllhkbrightness. From the ship we could see nothing of the house or stockade, 1k,1they were quite buried among trees', and if it had not been for the chart (,1$the companion, we might have been the frst that had ever anchored tllrl t'since the island arose out of the seas.
149
There was not a breath of air moving, nor a sound but that of th4 ( '- ' ' ) :/ j ().)J oboominy half a mile away along the beaches and against the rocks 0sd ' Q-A pecullar staynant smell hung over the anchorage - a smell of s: ' F 'j LIFleaves and rottlny tree tnlnks. I observed the doctor snifâng and sni r -like someone tastlng a bad egg. :
çI don't know about leasttre,' he said, Vbut 1111 stake my wig ther:'j xver lwre., ,' ' ) pjkljlll' Iju In a Big city
(From ''The Treasure 1k/ :' LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
t! fseatling Ccmprehepsinn Tasksj IlIc fcllcwing wcrds are essential fcr tlnderstandinq and discussing the maini
. j lfleas gl lhe lext Leam lheir meaning and prnnunciallnn.
lgttntpnsl'slsi'ment (Ibelsmont) a room in a house, which is below street level
: gall'e ggelm) wild animals, birds and fsh, which are htmted fOr foodf1Il(l as a sport
i I'llll'k rma:k) darkness, gloom''Tlsis gou'elslsj (pl.-ses) a place with water and plants in the desert' è f'Iltllost ('autpcust) observation post at a distance from the m ain body. (jf (!.(,(, s? 1Ill'llfumon gpro fju:sanl abundance, great supply
qdplitude ('solltju:d) being without companions. I k.?-??-ç
rllirp gtla:pl make shorq sha!.p sounds (as ofsmall birds or fN.5'cc/-V). glt.am (gli:mj send out soft llght .
glil ter r'glltoj shine brightly with iashes of light; sparkleifpstle g'dsosl) push roughly
? jtlggle g1d5Ag1) play tricks with; deceiveIttfpllify (lmodlfalj make changes in; make differentslliltter g'Jœto) break suddenly and violently into small pieces4 I iI) gtrlp) walk, run or dance wit.h quick, light stept djectives' ldernate go:lltsmot) (ofthings o-/'rpk'o kinds) happening by ttzrns - frstltt 'Ile and then the otherlllzisk (brlskl (ofpersons andmovement) active; lively; quick-movingt'tbllscientious gjkonfllenjbs) (ofpersonsj guided by one's Sense 0I', 11 lt y', done carefully or honestly
: (.1 illlson (krlmznj deep red
l51
gigantic (dsaltgantlk) of immense sizesensuous g'senjbos) affecting or appealing to the sensesshrill (JrIl) (ofsounds, voices, etcj sharp, piercing, high-pitched
2. Praclise the prcnunciaticn t)f the fnllpwing wnrds. p'lcunjon) (adj) halfpenny g'helpnl) (n) t iBabylonian g
jbœbl jfarthing glftuölp) (n) harlequin rlhc:llkwm) (n) 6 à
3. Nnte the irnnuncialinn nf these prnper nnuns. ;, i
'
Camden Town g'kœmdon taun) lslington Park ('alllptan pulkFinsbury Park E'flnzborl pc:k) Viennese (Ivejdnirz) '
' ts . . 1
4. Read the text tareftllly and dn the tasks that fnllnw. 1;
Wafuréy NJ'' Jf in '=Ahe Turgis who came out of Nathaniel Street, later that Saturday afte
ite different from the youth we have already met. He w ' 2noon, was quwashed, brushed conscientiously shaved, and he moved briskly. This w4!for him the best tlme of a1l the week. Saturday sang in his heart. lf the Gre:Something ever happened, it would happen on Saturday. The trams, buselj 'shops, theatres and picture palaces, they all gleamed and glittered througkjthe rich murk today for him. Even now, Adventure - on high heels and silk )stockings - might be moving his way. 1le was making for the West End, fof )on Saturdays, especially the alternate Saturdays when he received his payp jhe despised Camden Town and Islington and Finsbury Park, those 1ittl4 jcentres that broke the desert of North London with oases of llashing light! , 'and places of entertainment. These were good enough in their way, but ifyou had a few shillings to spend, the West was a great deal better, offeringyou the real thing in giant teashojs and picture theatres. For this was hisusual Saturday night programme, lf he had the money: first, tea at one ofthe big teashops, which were always crowded with girls and always offereda chance of a pick-up; then a visit t'o one of the great W est End cinepas, inwhich, once inside, he could spin out the whole eyening, perhaps on theedge of adventlzre all the time. And this was his programme for this night,though, of course, he was always ready to modify it if anything happened inthe teashop, if he fotmd the right sol't of girl there and she wanted to dosom ething else.
At the very time he was setting out, htmdreds and hundreds of girls,girls with little powdered snub noses, wet crim son mouths, shrill voices, andgleaming calves, were also setting out - nearly a11 of them , unfortunately, in
152
pqif 'i t() carry out the vezy same programme. Turgis knew this, or perhapssill y ;t Iltlnter's instinct led him to where the game were thickest; but he didpdil vlsllalize them, luckily for him, for the tantalizing image would havetll tvt'lh llim nearly to madness. But there they were, t'ripping down innumer-at,14' (jill'k steps, chirping and laughing together in buses and trams withoutfzfid 1. :$IId making for the same small area, the very same buildings, perhaps tojii .4 lt. Ilim as they passed. lt would have been easier for Turgis, as he knewt1#)l v loo well, if he too had had a companion, to match all these pairs ofttsl 1!.:, but he had only a few acquaintances, no friends, and, in any event, he#'1 l'fttrred to htmt in solimde, to thread his way through the brilliant jtlnglef$I( 'fle with his hunger and his dream.
A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured foun-lflllls of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire,116. ft'und the cafe of his choice, a teashop that had gone mad and turnedl li,jàylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. lt towered above theI'ltlel' buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age,!)t'1 llaps a new 'civilisation, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thil)flk:lrble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion ()f'Itlxtll'y were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhcrc il)lllc background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres ()t'wllite napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousallitw:titresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and tempcnl-l'lental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of shimmering bonbollsitlld multi-coloured Viennese pastries, the cauldrons of stewed steak, tllev:tnloads of harlequin ices, were a few men who went to workjuggling witlyliuctions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to Iil1-ish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a wai t-l'ess (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry Ittray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. I11short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper stories.and cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic teaslltll)
into which Tttrgis marched.(An extractfrom 6'Angel Pavement'' by ..t #. Priestli'î')
5. Answer the qtlestians galherinj evidence frnm 1he text tn suppnrl ynur ideas.
1 . What do you suppose was the way Turgis spent his weekdays?2. W hat evidence is there in the text that he couldn't always afford going t()
the West End on Samrdays?3. W hen did Tttrgis expect the Great Something to happcn?4. What evidence is there in the extract that he wasn't a very sociable type?5. How far is it true to say that a hunter's instinct didn't fail him?
153
6.place in London? M adjinq auicles, prepnslllons,
' 1 Mztt)h lhe Words on the left With those BII the rig7. W hat evidence is there that the business in the teashop was nm well ? jn tje jcjjcwinj tasks:l 1I000t1nS all1 link Verb% Where netessary and8. How far is it tnle to say that there was a Barbalic touch about this gi ( lS2OP? ' id 1 llick Ollt the Combinations With a m etaphorical m eaning;
9. W hàt evidence is there that the cafe employed a very big star j) j recall the tontexts in which they are used in the text.) hance1 4 ' k t S C S Q
6. Extend these pnints usinq qtlntaticns or references frnm the text I ilesel't Wa#' 'itlne neW Civilization
1 . On Saturday nights Turgis looked as usual. 1 ' ' ;f. rjt' lilng-haired ro
2. North London wasn't a very cheerf'ul place. solimdesllatter3. His programme for Saturday could never be changed. jjlwer health4. The interior of the cafe was quite modest. ! kck-up thickest..
, l -)5. The men in the basement knew a 1ot about the inside of the business. bu violinistslllar
thread Nol'th Londonhtmt blue dusk
ll-Text Feattlpes and Langtlape Fpctls jjgjusoutpost
1 average entertainm ent.,4. Expressive Devices ofFiction j yugdiyss: places Other
The spec/c expressiveness ofthis text is achieve4 alongside with other : 2 cc wer the jez ajain and find the Words Which are used W the author to conve#means, by the use ofa great number ofepithets ofa metaphorical cha- ' .ha Iaaa nj a qulck mcticn nf the punq people hurryinl to the places 01 enter-
IHK; 1uGG tl
FWWCK The BXCCt Ofthis (VVYC is XW the Word acqllires tR'ro#dr/)7 'Which ' tajnmentrris not (ypical ofthe object it denotes. Thus special emphasis is given to e g. move briskly, makefçm Set * /, dc.the whole word-combination, eg. bewildering rows ofteapots, careless .profu' sion o-f/vawry,, c/c. us stdva, y/llar and gleam.' 3 Fill the qap: in the sentences belcw With the #erThe text also abounds in verbal metaphors, Iike to tower, to shatter 'the blue dusk, to thread oneb wfl through, which Iargely contribute to 'y I The barman polished the wine-glasses until theythe general impact ofthe narration on the reader $ 2* The Rolls Royce parked outside was ... in the stm.
$. The frost ... on the ground.i tance we could see lights ... in the cottage windows.4
. ln the d s* Pick up the epithets which are used by the author to describe the j small puddles ... in the lamplight.following and write them down. o' Jewels
... in the dimness of the cave.' lass renector studs ... in the roadway.the girls' voices 7. There were g8 w henever the captain smiled, his gold t00th ... .the teashop ' aecorations ... so much, that it hurt you to look atthem.9. The christmas treethe girls' image in Ttlrgis' mindthe profusion of lttxury in the giant caféthe rows of teapotsthe m urkthe fotmtainsthe jungle
4. Find pairs cl syncnyms
begin / push l do tricks l shatter / bead for / brisk / alternate / change /every other / break yjostle / modify / set out / make for
amnng the Inllnwing wnrdsand phrases.
l55154
5. Prnvide an adequate translaticn fnr the fcllnwing cnllccaticns.
drive smn to madnessm ake for smn/smthset outjpin outthread one's way (through) t
6. Translate the sentences intn English using the vncahulal.y nl the text in the Il1cized parts.
1. Me7xne anzlereal zl Me'raYopsl /Ux. I'lpllcTzzH Izoaso>loa' HHTaTe;x ueo p#eêczzll/lzzrlh ce6e ormclxlBaeMble HM Mec'ra H rlepcoHa-H.
2. OHH kconzrtupoqtvlu ulWpaMll H (laKTaMH, IITO6B1 BBeCTH Jlmaeîi B 3Gnplcaelme H o'rBneqb Hx o'r TeMHO; CTOPOHbI CB()Cii IIOJIHTHHCCKO; HrP
23. flosepxHoc'a o3epa saecmeaa B JIYHHOM cBerre.4. PIM aO6p0c0BecTHO nllaTll'f Kallcèbllï J<?#/l1 HOHO CJILHHK.5. OH 6btcmpo Illell Baonb Ha6epelxHoii, npoKaaèbl6an reX èopo.'?y CKB03rpynnbl I'ynyllom llx 'rypHcToB.
6. Koraa Cot)lu cepauTcg, ee ronoc c'railosuercyl HeOIKHaaHHO Pe3KHMjaa-e npon3um eabnbl-u, M aTo MO>KeT IHOICITOBaTB Co6eceallHKa. :
7. He c'rou'r uA enAm b Hattly nporpaMMy, Beab MbI npoayMarlu ee B caMhl:MenlcHx aerraM x, 11 CMOIKeM Jlerlfo ee 6blnoanum b.
8. Ee ae'rH aMHl-lmposanH B AscerpanHlo, H eii npllxoa#lTcs IKHTI> B oèulto.Vdfreldd.
9. Talcue euzanmcKue coop> ei4lu HaIIOMIIHaIOT MHe BaBltrloHclkym 6amHl:,10. Kynoaa uepu eii H olcua aaalmii 6aecmwlu B JIy'LIM Bocxomlm ero conlm a,11. 51 6s1.q outeaoAvten o#zzzlzze-up/cawlzllz B 3a.IIe pecTopaua.12. Oxo'ra Ha èuns B ziecax Benapycu aanpemella Gozllatuylo qac'rb roaa.13. CnoHcopsl rlpllczlanH aeuM Ha rlpaaauHx uenlalii Sypgon Mopo-eHoro. '14. lllnlm6eprell JlBzme'rcyl #opnocmoM c'rpalli,l B BapeimesoM Mope.15. CnylllarrezlH 6BIJIIl ouapoBaHbl a'roii c'rpaHlloii, qyccmsennolï My3lailcoii.
' )16. Ero rmaH 6sIn ocuosau Ha xoaoènoMpacneme. j
17. Kaèe 3axpixlsae'rcyl noamlo, H TaM Moxtilo mxnymb Kelfx uenlal; Beqep. , f. 1
l8. yllçc noaazlo, aasai're Jzyqtue rlosepHeM Haaaa H nanpaaucucx x Aouy.19. 51 npocuyncx Ha paccBeTe, Koraa rl'rllusl Haqallll Beceno tqe6em amb Ha t
'
jAePCBLSX. j!20. B3pBIBoM sunupaa6umst Bce oxHa B aowle HarlpoTHB. )
j 't.
111. F0llnw-Up Activities
I'tead the text belnw and think nf the wnrd which Lest fits each space. Use tnly:ne wnrd in each space. There is an examile at the beqinning (0).
% zonéon NpWrymW)( 11 1863, the frst undergrotmd passenger railway (0) ,f1! the world openetlJ in London. Called the Metropolitan, (1) ran for just untlernt'ven kilometers and allowed people (2) avoid the terriblei'l tlwds on the roads above as (3) travelled to and from work. lt11 'tlk three years to complete and (4) built using an interesting'llethod. This involved digging up the road, laying the track and then builtl-11,)) (5) strong roof over the top. When al1 (6) . hadIpcen done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines were used to pull the caniages and it must (7)
I'een fairly unpleasant (8) the passengers, with a1l the smokelllld noise. However, the railway quickly proved to (9) a greatstlccess and within six months more (10) 25,000 people weretlsing it every day.Later, engineers were able to constnzct railways in a system of deep ttln-llels, (1 1) became known (12) the Tube. This de-velopment was only possible with (13) introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was ( 14)
of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened il1l 900. lt (15) white-painted tunnels and bright red caniages.Ctnd proved extremely popular with the public.
(From ''Cambridge First Cert#cate, 4 '')
Test 2
* Sllare your impressions of the the m ain character.* 'làlk of places of entertainm ent in M insk that students call al'lkjl'tl
going to. '
LESSON B. PBACTICE TESTS
Test 1
* Talk about the characteristic features of night Iife in London at thebeginning of the last century.
Read snme infnrmatinn abcllt shcpping in Dublin. Fnr questinns 1-13 chnnse frnmthe list nf ilaces A-G. Snme shnpping areas may de chosen mnre than Bnce.W hich of the shepping areas would you recomm end for som eone who
1. would like to buy a pullover?2. enjoys shopping in a stylish old building?
C ) .3. would like to buy something typical of Dublin? y4. has very particular tastes? '5. cannot go shopping on weekdays? :6. would like to shop and have coffee afterwards? ' ; y.. S7. would like to buy a gold ring? ; . t8. would like to buy something to read? t, ,'9. does not like shopping in the city centre? , j10. would like to buy something from an open market? ) /11. would like to buy a vase?l2. would like to find everything in one area? tl3. would like to shop in an established store? .
.. E
- - VVJXX j N 1 X t7(j: .'Shopping in Dublin is a delightful experience and oFers the visitor a magical combiôl y
tion of quality and value. The compact nature of the city centre puts everything withi: !easy reach. There is no need to nzsh; take time to browse through the many elegant strcdjand shops. Many of the principal shopping areas are now pedestrianised, making it 1leasure to ramble. îP 1A. GRAFTON STREET
Experience the wonderful atmosphere of fashionable Grafton Streetlwhich nms from St. Stephen's Green to Trinity College. Here, there is a cosemopolitan range of shops and cafes. There are long established departmentstores, modem shopping centres and intimate boutiques. Street busking alsöadds to the charm.
I ///C' SL4UARE TOWNCENTREI lltyre are also many interesting and exciting shopping opportunities to
Iif td ,4111(. outside the city such as The Square Towncentre in Tallaght, thet.!# !.i '.l centre of its kind in lreland, which has 145 shops under a great dome
i'l II.lt tlral light. Large areas of trees and shnzbs give the illusion of being, ,'If d !1 '( 'l's on a beautiful sunny day.
t 'IIRISTCHURCHl llere are weekend markets at Christchurch which is easily accessible
I'y I IA RT. And when the time has come to leave, take a piece ol- l'ltlblill with
ï i ,lI . . . Dublin Crystal.
( .. IIENRYSTREETI f' you are one of those exclusive visitors with expensive tastes dib ldtlt
11 ,1 pret to visit Henry Street, where the famous jewelers are found. McI )()w .4'11 's are specialists in Claddagh souvenir jewellely You can also lintl :t lilye',#'lt'ction of intenzationally famous Waterford Glass and Belleek Chin:l.Shopping in Dublin is fun and the city is there to be explored and enjlhyetl
(From ''Ffr5'/ Certllit?klts ' '')
tIIJJlV Elln Famaus Names
B. POWERSCOURT TOWNHOUSEAs well as the lively St. Stephen's Green Shopping Centre, there is the
Hibernian Way just off Grafton Street and the unique Powerscourt Town-house, an 18th century mansion and courtyard beautifully converted? withstaixways, ceilings, stone and omamental ironwork al1 wonderfully preserved.
fr NASSA USTREETln this area too is Nassau Street, where you will fnd a wide range of qual-
ity woolens including the traditional Irish sweater and the vely special Done-ga1 hand woven tweeds. While in Nassau Street you may fnd that special bookyou have been looking for or relax in the atmospheric and elegant cafes.
D. M OORE STREE TYou can cross the river to busy O'Colmell Street and its colourful neigh-
bour M oore Street, famous for its street vendors continuing in the trâditionof M olly M alone. Or once m ore rettum across the Liffey, over the Ha>pennyBridge into Temple Bar which has its own special character.
158
To see him act is like reading Shakespeare l)yiashes of lightning
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1 77J-./y f 4)
M RT l
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. Readinp and Ccmprehensicn Tasks
1. The fnllnwinj wnrds are essential fnr understandinj and discussing the malllideas nl the text. Learn the meaninj and prnnunciaticn cf these wnrds.
Nounsquotation Ekwgu'telj'n) quoting; smth quotedsouree g'so:s) place from which smth comes or is got
159
. ')'
1 J
appreciate (o pri:jhelt) judge rightly the value of; tmderstand and eqjsuggest gsg'dsest) to remind someone of something
Aqectivesincidental ( Inslldentol) small and comparatively unimportant ' .lslight gslaltq small, not serious or important
j '
unaware (jana wepl not knowing, not awareworth (w3:0) having a certain value; giving a satisfactory or rewardiqtttrn for 're
2. Practise the ppanunciatian nI these prpper names and intarnatinnal wnrds; '. ,I
a) international wordscommentator L'komcnteltaldetail ('di:tellq 'dokslkal) , tparadoxical gjpxroscholar g'skolcq !
j '.
theorize ( oloralz) ,'. !
b) proper names tAnne Hathaway ('œn 'hœoawel)Falstaff g'fc:lsttl:flHamlet ('hœmlotj tMacbeth (mok'beo) )Shpkespeare g'Jelksploj l
'elvn) 1Stratford-on-Avon Ejstrœtfod on
3. Read the tezt careltllly and da the tasks lhat Inllnw.
4%V?=
f44lC''I Ilke the o1d lady who was taken to see a performance thl' I IJljlblet 1:11(1yf//lll'l:tilled that it was full of well-known proverbs and quotatitdlls!
hlllftkespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made 1'1111 ,1.st! t)l' lllttkf cîîf 1 esources of the English language. M ost of us use about five tlltplls:llltf1.4,,,1 ' #.'; in our normal employment of English-, Shakespeare in Ilis wlpj'ks lIs(-(lxl'i,,lt twentpfive thousand! There is probably no better way I'(lr It jkjl eigldt'l4 ' 11 kpl, Englishmanl) to appreciate the richness and variety of' tlle I '''tlrllisll1#1Id),,I lCkge than by sGdying the various ways in which Shakespearc Ilsetl 11 .%îIt'1I Ct study is well worth the eflbrt (it is not, of cottrse, recommellttetl t$)l'f'i',ilànersl, even though some aspects of English usage, and the me:tlliflg ()l11 'Illty words, have changed since Shakespeaye's day.
l t is paradoxical that we should know comparatively little abotlt tlle Ii (t-#'j l I1e greatest English author. W e know that Shakespeare was born in l 5tpl$lI St ratford-on-Avon, and that he died there in 161 6. He almost certainly ltt-It'l/tled the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be surc. Wck lltlw he was married there in 1582 to Alme Hathaway and that he had tllreet Ilildren, a boy and two girls. W e know that he spent much of his life in L()l!-
41$,1) writing his masterpieces. B. ut this is almost all that we do know.
However, what is important about Shakespeare's life is not its incidentltltlelails but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholarsll:tve been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeare's llfe to the smal IIltlmber we already possess and for an equally long time critics have bettllIlleorising about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry ()fSllakespeare will disappear beneath the great mass of comment that has beel)
written upon it.Fortunately, this is not likely to happen. Shakespeare's poetry allt!Shakespeare's people (Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet Falstaff and all the othcrs)Ilave long delighted notjust the English but lovers of literatttre everywhere,Cknd will continue to do so after the scholars and commentators and a11 thcir
works have been forgotten.(From ''Shakespeare: .?1 L 4/, ' ')
4. Prcve pr disprpve these statements prnvidinj evidence frnm the textl . Every Englishman has a fairly good knowledge of the works by W .shakc-
Speare.2. Proverbs and quotations from his writings are one of the common posses-sions of English-speaking people.3. People are always well aware of the sotlrce of well-known quotations.
4. The vocabulary of a native English speaker is about 15 thousand words,5. Shakespeare's vocabulary is tltree times as big as the one of an average
Englishman.
161
or any Englishman,discussion as to who is the world's greatest
poet and greatest drm atist. Only one name canpossibly suggest itself to him: that of W illiamShakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowl-edge, however slight, of the work of our greatestwriter. A11 of us use words, phrases and quota-tions from Shakespeare's writings that have be-comc part of the common property of English-speaking people. M ost of the time we are proba-bly unaware of the source of the words we use,
there can never be any
6. The usage and meaning of English words haven't changed much :l- :'
Shakespeare's time.7. Shakespeare's life is enigm atic to the public in m any ways.8. A1l the theorizing about Shakespeare's plays may have a bad effkct.9. Reading his plays is a good way for a beginner to study English.
II. Languaje Fncus '
Reinforcing Vocabularyla Match the wnrds nn the Ieft with their syncnyms nn the rijht
ossess blamePaccuse ow neffort usageemployment attemptslight differentvalious insignihcant
2. Cnmplele the sentences, chncsinj helween the verhs in each nf the pairs: '.
value / appreciate . ,
change Zvfdr.p E
1. W e try to ... the kid's m enu as much as possible.2. Japanese industly ... to altem ative m arketing techniques. '3. He works for an antique fil'm, his job is to ... furniture.4 John has always ... good poetly
1 .3- Translale the sentences intn English using the vncahtllary nf the text.
1. M sl nonyqHnu aTu cseaeHu 143 Haaelxuoro ucmoqnuKa.2. O IKH3HH a'roro xyaolxlmxa HasecerHo Maqo - Tozlsxo ctynatïnue êezzlczll/.3. PDJIHMHJI Me-ay 3THMH asyM, BaplfauTaMH neananumeasnu.4. M y3slxa BenllltHx IcoMnoaHeropoB - Haltle o6tqee zllc-rleêve. j5. OH ne oco3naem, Icax Gonbllo oll ee oGlfaen. j'. 16. Ha BlalcTaslce Hac rlopaaHno paanoo6paaue Moaezle; oaeaw , KoTopylo it
uaM rloxaaarlu. ;7. OH He caenarl HM Maaeûuteû nonsl'rttu onpasaa'rs ce6x. 'b
'''' l8. OHH cnpocuzlu ero, Bzmaee'r zlyl oH xaxoii-uH6yas co6cmsennocmbm B iropoae. (
9. Koraa JlloaH BnepBBle HHTaIOT HoBblii 3aBeT, Hx rlop- ae'r o6MJIHe mHpo-K0 IOBeCTHBIX noc-llotutj lJ ljumam .
162
Nounsexecution (jeksllkjuzj-nq iuiction of ptmishment by deathmerit ('merlt) quality, fact, action, etc. that deserves rewardmould ('mould) container, hollow form into which a soft substanct ispouredwax (wœksj soft yellow substance produced by bees
1. (1 f 91 I 'ranna'rlu 300 YPI'I'OB 3a 31y MatlmHy Ho oHa cmoum ropaaao 6oame.1 1 l jttxo-ropble yrBeplltaeHlts a'roro ncHxonora IcalxyTcx napaèolœaasnw
4tIl, Ho oHH coaepea'r azleMellT HCTIIHbI.
111, Follpw-Up âclivities* Talk about Shakespeare's language using the information from
the text.@ Have you ever seen a production of a Shakespeare's play? Share
your impressions of it.
PART 11
Art does not reproduce the visible; rlltllcr. itmakes visible.
Paul Klee 4/.879 l gpfpAM for art's sake, with no purpose, for ally 14$11.-pose, pelverts art. But art achieves a purpllsewhich is not its own.
Benjamin Constant (1 767. . 1834)
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. Reading and tnmprehensicn TasksThe fallnwing wnrds :re essential 1cr understandinj and discussing the malnideas cl the text. Leam the meaning and pmnuncialinn nf these wcrds.
Wrbscast (kc:stz to make (a model/statue) by pouring a liquid substanceinto a mouldpeople ('pi:pl) to fill with people; put people inperfect (po'fekt) make perfect
' '''' * jsimulate ( slmju:lelt) pretend to be; pretend to have or feel
163
./4 djectiveseerie g'Iorlj cauising a feeling of mystery and feargruesome ('gru:sam) flling one with horror or disgustinfamous ('Infomos) wicked; shameful', disgracef'ulvile (vallj shnmeful and disgusting 'worthwhile g'wa:owall) worth doing; worth the trouble taken
2 Practice the prnntlnciatinn cf the fnllnwing wnrds: 1)
a) international wordsconservatory gkgnlsa:votarlj (n)criticism ('krltlslzmj (n) .duke (dju:kj (n)model glmodalj (n)personality gIpa:so'nœlltl) (n)sensationalism (sen'sel-fonollzm) (n) 'stattle ('stœtju:) (n)tableau g'tœblauq (n)b) proper namesMadam Tussaud g'mœdam itju:sauj or (tjurlso:)Montgomery (mcnt'gamarljParisian gpatrlzlan) (n)Robespierre (Iroubzpjcoj
3. Read the lext carefully and dn the tasks that follcw. .
Am. To .2z ,4t often comes as a shock to Londoners that M ad-
. ..
ame Tussaud s is one of the capital s top tourist , ,;E k '* '; '
attractions. M any lind this musellm p'uesome and '.) r'k' .. t.:'.frightening
. Others maintain that its collection of wax / : , (. (sàtues has no artistic merit. Some even point out that ' riE j
g.Ithe waxworks are simply a Parisian inventiop, tralzs- ')
ported to London by the estblishment's fotmder, 'M adam e Tussaud. Yet, despite these criticisms, M ad-nme Tussaud's has become a world fam ous tinstim-tion'. M illions of visitors from overseas and from iothers parts of Britin would not consider their trip tothe capital worthwhile without a stop at the untksualwaxwork exhlbition in M mylebone Road.
lt is, of course, true that M adame Tussaud's was French in origin.Maltltllle Tussaud was indeed born in Paris in 1761, and was herself a mo-dpllt,r ()f waxworks in her uncle's waxwork museum in the French capital. ltj. slpid she perfected her sldlls by modelling the royal family of France. De-klljte her monarchist sentiments, she managed to survive the French Revolu-liillk and the reign of tenor that followed it, makin: death masks of many oftlq litmous victims, including Marat and Robespierre. ln 1802, she brought,1le collection, which she had by then inherited from her uncle, and her chil-$I1 el1 to England. There she travelled the country for thirty-three years beforejt'ttling in London's Marylebone area. She was at that time seventpfolzrvelyrs old. Seven years later, she made a self-portrait, which reveals her as aq11)a11 and unsmiling old lady. ln 1850, at the age of eightpnine, she died
j,clycefully in her sleep.The exhibition consists of a series of halls. ln the first hall, famous for its
Itistorical tableaux, there is the tsleeping Beauty' fglzre, which has been castliom one of Madame Tussaud'p oldest moulds, thought to have been made$,1* Madame du Bany Louis XV's mistress, wit.h a mechanism that simulates
llreathing.The second hall is known as the Conservatory, where visitors can viewli Ik-size wax models of sport film and TV personalities. Among the more
lrecent additions are Joan Colllns and tennis champion M artina Navratilova.''Super Stars'', opened in March 1985, is one of several areas at M adame'I-ussaud's to use sotmd, light and special effects. Here can be found tennischampion John McEnroe, Daley n ompson and pop singers M ichael Jack-
Bowie.son and DavidNext to tTsuper Stars'' is the Grand Hall. n is room is peopled by histori-
cal political, military and royal fgures from Henry Vlll and his wives to2Raliv Gandhi, General M ontgomely Gorbachev, prime ministers of Britain
and from abroad, the Royal Family, and the Duke and Duchess of York.n e next hall is undoubtedly the most famous of the waxwork rooms -
the Chamber of Horrots. Nowhere are the visitors quieter thm1 in this eerieplace. Terrifying scenes follow tenifying scenes: there are models illustrat-ing methods of execution; famous murderers like Christie in their appropri-ate settings; and, in the cells, the most infamous twentieth-centmy prisonerswho were sentenced to life imprisonment for their vile climes. Illusion iscanied even further as visitors walk below decks aboard HM S Victozy atTrafalyar, with Lord Nelson dying amidst the smoke, sound and fuzy
It ls easy to understand why some people criticise M adame Tussaud'sfor its horror and sensationalism. lt is even easier to understand why morepeople go there to be entertained.
(From ''Madame Tussaud.. -4 L# in Ftz'r ')
165
' ( $' ksitors models4. Prave a? disp?pve the Icllpwing stalements by prpviding evidente Imm 111: 14 f 4 f ktlsider shock(
'
9 llection attracts visitors because it is of great ' îVIIXWOIQ Setting1. M adame Tussaud s co ' 11 lb-size eftkcttic value. Iight museum
2. M adam Tussaud started as a modeller of- waxworks in Paris in 1761. , i,l'propriate overseas3. she was involved with the royal family ot France.4. she managed to survive the French revolution and the reign of temlt l tlamplele the Ipllpwinj sententes tlsing the wnrds Ircm the bnx belnw-cause she stopped working and emigrated to England.
5. Madam Tussaud never changed her political views. ' ) xot many of the insects ... the winter.6. When she came to England she at once settled in London's M erylebone : we had a long wait, but it was ... because we got the tickets.
1 I ''averyday language is oûen not ... in speeches and other formal situations.5. Check ycur cnmprehensicn cl the tezt by chacsing the riglll allernative. 1 My mother always ... that I learned to talk at six months old.
*' 'l'he machine is designed to ... conditions in space.1. Tourists go to see M adam Tussaud's because t f, ,('he ... you are looking for is in Oxford Street.
a. the wax models are mastepieces of art; ,' t ,I-he horror film seemed ... to him.b the models stir their imagination. ' '1; jt 'rhe lovely valley was a beautif'ul ... for a honeymoon.
'f i? ' h ' little in passing the examination if you cheated.
2 M adam Tussaud '' F ere S ... .1 1 t 'shey lit two big ... candles.
a. sympathized with the French revolution;b. was committed the idea of monarchist rule. . 'ï stlrvive worthwhile appropriate maintain simulate wax eerie
3. M adam Tussauda. inherited her waxworks', . establishment setting merit
b. bought the waxworks in Paris at the begimzing of her career. . -
4. You are likely to find the wax models of sports stars in i 7 j' yranslate the fnllcwinj sententes intn Enjlish using the vncabtllary cl the textiç ;A ' . =
a. Super Stars ; . )b. the Grand Hall. ,' E l L'lTa Icollnelmlu He uMeem xyW/azrecvl/cszltllk qennocmu.'
.' . HecMo'rp.q Ha KPHTHU , 3ateèenue MAIJaM Tlocco HpouBeTae'r.
$. People go to the Chamber of Horrors because ' 4 oua cogeptuencmeocaaa esoe Macmepcmqo, pa6oera, B Boclcosoii Ma-the are interested in history; ' E ' jj csoero mlim
.a. y czepcxob. they like to be entertained. 4 .1 BsI suaenpl nocyepmnym Nacay rlyttllcuua?
.qEE . jjf k . PIHTCPQCHO, CMOXXM JIH MbI 6lallcMntb Ha 3TOM 'IW AHOM D'rarle Hallle;
6. The musellm '' HCTOPHH?a. is justly criticized; . f >. A B'ronopTpeerbl omlopbt6aM;m BHMTPeHHH; MHP XJWOIKHHKa.b. desenres its Popularity. # /
. DTa Moaells 6bIJ1a omauma rlo 6onee paHllel'i 3arOT0BKe.ï: '''# Fk. HexoTopsle IIICJIBI cllaG-ellsl MexauHrmoM, uMumupymwu.u xom Gy.II. Lanjuaje Fccus i. i). BocKoque yzlzv sl, eunoanennlae w noauslûpocm, Mory'r 6uwsycmpa-
/ IMRIOW KMM.Reinforcing Vocabulary E t t ). Coaepualme èurypsl naaaqa Ha coomaemcmcylowe.u //zle aacrrasuno
noceerylTeneii npuTuxuyrrs.'/ '1. Cnmhine the wnrds frcm the twn cclumns tn make cnrrect tnllncatinns. .' l l Y6Hiit!a 61:1.71 rlpnroBopezl Ic nokcu-utennovuy arzcrlz/vezzzzz/.
J I 2. M y3eii MaaaM Tlocco cnpa<eèauso ynpeKalom aa rlpucerpacerue K y-a-come merit ! ?# caM 11 celKauluM
.
artistic worthwhile f.($ 167
166r
'
' ,
. j ''ft . .
111. Follnw-up Activity
@ Share your opinions of the following:- which of the halls you would go to if you hadn't got enough tillle ysee a11 of them . Give your arguments', :
- what other wax models of your contemporaties apart from Gorbach ' ... . .
'
you would like to see at the museum. Persuade the others that t 'deserve being placed there; . '
- what you think of horror scenes and flms. i
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST ,
Read the text telnw and tnmplele llle senlences (1-7)-
Wtan 3-p at l ir '-pa/4 r, a oun nSimon Jenkins, journalist and author, writes this month's Picmre Choice. t7.. .
( ' !1)1)E L))'tg$)$$)lW,,ù;y).j!I tl'ttb'% hat on earth is going on'? U - '):y - J?;. .qjji)..:Jy.-Ir-i',E.i'i s#., ;i..tt-j:y.t?.E):..: 7.?fè.)rtt,tk:'; tj,y rr. r ys,- , g jgjj?g.. :jy; gk $4,:y gyyj j, jkyjj ,, gjgj jyyj jzjjg iyjj,gtg jz j:jjg yj gky gty :!g; jyyu jyg)j j;rjg jk,l j jjj :-j.' j, It E . : jtl ' (:': '.E.' ;g .. ' tEr... Cijt .; jygjrqjigjjgyj, :.;r.r.j y ,,g j;;;;;y ,t i ').p' q,é)' r jl) g .,.' !y.., , dentijud, this painting is one of thc N. 6è.. :I. $. -.' . , gtj :@ : (jt(.;yj;t, . jirijjjg-jjj!,y jyj.ëikë), j .LL.. . ' '. ,,.;! ..ët'(!E ptl y ?:). '? : .( iiirrrjiyjyj.jjjkyjjjjjy ... .;.:ï r),u ,:fkj . .: :j, jjjs ,jjg jj, jkyg;i yyjjjjjj,, jjy. gjj jjrp jjjjjj .7' ; : , ïtt ..,... y;)z, li.kr.'iittt? tional gallery s most en gma?. ta.wakk... , ,.> c ) ( jjzs , wys xjost critics date it towards the c11(l'k' :1 . .: '!:. . ' ' r ji!'ijgq: :ç qirqj'lttEjy )qE))lE:(rg: ,);.)jjjygjjj(.jj) .: . . gtq(:.kj.:r: $: . .. . .i: ) . :'ii!;i:ë:L . . :. Eëjr. tyj ryrjlyljjjjjtj.yyjtjtj. jLLLL?L j jt,;@ yr ,.. :: ,
:1(. r!! ,,,k ëy ., r,. j,;jj jjggjjltèt 'tjïy/ttyt) . gilijtjtlti? ! j), ). E ),,; Vermeer s working life, around l 6 jE ' ; Etlljjfqt '-ljyt,y'l.jEJ ittljt' y.)) ' 6;.,11 :,.,)))lk tt ))t) ' -, : j yyyyï-yy : Tjjey jàn.d it austere and spare. Th ere i . 'E :' '' .' , $y-.. . - . )) -h@t-y;,..t; (-à;3,ïL,3. $hE, :i.r.qr g'7.: ..lt@ , . . 71:, 1t*$-l) tr , ï ;..)it.k- .' .t '' t i,j)!j);.;jy.),.
'y(;),:iëjj,;, yyt,, jvjjjLj, yy,. . g))i l)?i'''.''>11 , ' no softhess, just bare walls and scv4f'ê,è ' '. '. - k
-ki - ù r. .' y ;. t.jqpëj jy rIII@i,.. ...- . . ?T --. ' ' '.' 'ç3bLL--'''1ïïëbïL,.--,,. ...-.... ''-''.''? .,-,,'# j i! . pë1è è jhEjjllë): (,),E(t ,,,, , t ,: t ' '' rectangular lines. I used to fmd it a l1:#ù
yjaVti 't5'i'::ëj::I)j(j)i.kLl)h>)îEli)@.ttt);th, j p j tjyjg to jove
, another of Vermteri'EEk'*q)+.,CEyy*k;4tjdg'1j)ytj(i y ' .' j l .' jj jyytejsrtuaj qxercjsrs with light flfll ??,, r. i..k..r' .t .
. '
. ); ik E: '.. ' : .'
.t:)i:Fiqj rië. ::E j : . ' . 111: . .x : ! jysE,EEssy y,., jg shade. And what kind of musiciall tj 4t i this? She stands gazing at us, her hall: fî
..L. .. . -,j-tE?-,:: :.- ...... . ) ..1qj
. ... surely too 1ow to play a talne, frozel) 14 kjj jtj yejystj jyryj j jtime
, m ocked y cup -. y,found comfort in that familiar Vermeer serenity, the placid self-assurance ef '(the Dutch golden age, but no excitement.
Then conjecture came to my aid. l have been fascinated by Vermcef 'jlife - such fragments of it as we know - and by the ethereal women wl1()44representation dominated his later years. They al1 share a similar look, tlatk'.eyes, prominent nose, strong jaw line. They wear distinctive garments t1lj1-pose in domestic roles. Vermeer's wife, Catarina (who bore him 15 chiltltew1 1 of whom suwived), is widely accepted as the model for his four Sipr:l.nancy'' studies. Recent research by the American scholar John Montias 0:
168
iivermeer's life and work is surrounded by elaborate theorising'' meansa. has been studied in detail',b. lots of things about his life have been invented;c. hasn't been studied at all.
çi-l-hen conjecture came to my aid'' meansa. it was m y guess that helped m e;b. the proofs that I obtained came to my aid;c. some facts came to m y aid.
169
tllt' (I:ltes of the children's births suggests that the yotlnger11116.1' pictures could be his elder daughters, Maria and Elizabeth.
'I'l1e two Vermeers in the National Gallery are both of girls apparentlyi19 tlle same instrument, similar in appearance and identical in dress. Ver-plpt'e1''s eldest daughter M aria married shortly before l1e dicd. This richl,l1le dress is virtually the only object seen in his pictures thltt was not men-l 1. 'lled in his postmortem inventozy I regard this, coupled with the simi-l:kl il ies of appearance, as at least circumstantial evidence 1-(11' tllis being a
I'lclure of M aria.Venneer's life and work is surzounded by elaborate thetlrîsjlljl, l (tàt the
I'i/ssibilit.y that this might indeed be Maria, eldest of Vermeer's llllge I'1llllîly,
r',:tve this picture new depth for me. As eldest in this musical I':ll)ti ly, sllewtluld natttrally have played the virginal. As eldest she was the lirst 1(h ;11:tl ry,ti) be dealt cupid's card. What was more natural than that Venlleel sldlktlltlIlikve painted her thus, perhaps as she prepared to leave home'? lt is t1f, l'ltll'etllan a guess but it brings this work to life.
women of the
(From ''F/.?c National G'fI//t'l'4' N(, îj'.$. ' ')
tt. . . this painting is one of the National gallery's most enigmatic will ks''
m eallsa. the painting is widely known;b. a11 the infonnation about the painting can be easily obtained;c. very little is known about the painting.
ççl used to fmd it a hard painting to love'' meansa. he has always disliked the painting',b. he couldn't help loving it;c. he couldn't love it at lirst sight.
çlM ost critics :nd it austere and spare'' meansa. the critiès nnd it elaborate',b. simple and plain, without ornnments;c. severely strict.
6. t%.. . the ethereal women whose representation dom inated his later yralxflm eansa. Verm eer was influenced by ethereal wom en;b. ethereal wom en were his artistic ideal;c. he started representing them at the close of his career.tf.. . intellectual exercises with light and shade'' meansa. intellectual gam es;b. using bright and rich colours in painting',c. experiments with representing light and shade.
TEIIN llu Theatre
!,$ t'I'seas g auvoisilzj across the Sea11 i-levant g'relovont) connected with the subject'à'hl'llisticated gsolflstlkeltxd) (ofmental activityj relined-- e('l1tI'lt.x '- ,:111 'f 1t'v ''lllerable ('valnorobol) easily harmed, hurt or attacked,' sellslt ive
Itltnd the text carefully and do the tasks that fcllcw.
. /x ltltough Cambridge University offers no course in drama, it is l)l (,1,;,1 'lN'' l I I8e most active centre of student theatre in Britains and has cllltsistcylï l&'J...' ,',.tI t'ttt a large nttmber of w ell known alunmi.
# 'illltbridge Theatre Overseas is only one of a large number of 1llt-Jl1 l t-(fl . ,.14 '.'ç within the University. It functions, as do most of these groups, :,s :1t ''., t i', sity Society. This means that it is rtm entirely by students, wI1t) t'tllk,1,.1,.. tlyeir commitments to the society and its projects with their acadellklt. ' .1 1.. l11 subjects as diverse as English, Engineering, Classics and Mediciltt'
The 1996 Tour
C ':,1 llbzidge Theake Overscas is a small Cam- Lïqq 4 . t'ïtt -. .'t!E)',v(k ,)tg f . , %.'.7 Y ib'b i.I1!' E ' '
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.1., . l 'k tljeet it would never hawe happened. Brit- . $'%? -k,,k,,i 11 l ''.lllbassies and British c ouncil oëces in. 1, lk t'ity we are visiting have bcen extremely helpful, ofrering advice antl
',) .1 '$'rt. lt is a testament to tlae hundred plus people involved in the projecttl i.tt itgainst al1 odds, the touv is happening with such success.
We hope that an interpretation of one of Shakespeare's most sophisti-. 'li i l plays by a young Engli sh theatre group will be of great interest in Eu-' . .1 ,. ' Ctlld the Russîan Federatîon. Flmding for the tour has been provided byii t. I 'll'ers of the company, c ambridge University, the British Council and
. . .1 l 11 lrtnies in England.
Acting is merely the art of keeping a 1a1j4group of people from coughing.
Ralph Richardson (1902 I '?'ï,#)
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. Readinj and Cnmprehensinn Tasks
1. The fnllnwinj wcrds are essential fcr understanding and discussinj the m.llideas cf the text Learn lhe meaning and prnnunciaticn cf these wcrds.
Nounscommitment gkoimltmant) a responsibility or promise to follow lt t'kxl,tain course of actionconcept ('konseptq a general idea, thought or understandingodds (odzq the probability that smth will or will not happenvenue g'venjur) a meeting place arranged for some pumose or activif?Verbsappeal (o'pi:l) to to please, attract or interestfund gfandq to provide money for (an activity, organisation, etc.)grasp ggrarspl to succeed in understandingredeem Erl'di:mq to compensate; make amends forreject grlldsektq to refuse to acceptAqectivesconsistent Ekon'slstontl (ofaperson, behaviour, belie#, etc.) keel'ilskto the sam e principles, line of reasoning or course of actiondiverse gdal'vars) different, variousentire glnltaloj complete
170
The group is visiting Poland, the Baltic States, Russia! Belarus .' jUkraine. We are perfonuing in a wide variety of venues, ranglng from 9seat theatres to a ruined Cathedral. Dttring the 28-day tour the moup is trg:ling over 5000 miles, visiting 15 cities, and presenting 17 perlbrmances.totzr will be very difscult for the 24 members of the group; the travelllcombined with such a busy schedule is a great challenge to all those involy
Director ',ç notes
The W inter's Tale is not for the cynical or the hard-hearted. Its chaf -ters overllow with humanity - weaknesses, tendernesses, jealousies, anj.grief - and they a11 demand our sympathy. lt is more about vulnerability tipower, happier to redeem than to consign to damnation. lt is universally r -evant, now as much as before.
t. ,
**I cannot be my own, nor anything to any y'.f be not thlne. M k'' )
ln bringing this delicate and resonant play to the stage, and in taking tll -staging away from our home, into new and foreign places, we havc gl .through many stages of understanding and rejected many interpretatiollgfacile and simplistic. W e have also been prey to many fears over its rec: tjtion: we are British, al1 of us native speakers of English, and we are pres.ing ottr work in the main part to people who are not. lt has been ditxcult
d h tions of this play and our presentation ()f .us to try to understan ow percepwill diFer in the various places we will visit; it has been a great stretch :our collective imagination to try to think our way into different cultures, (1$ferent values, different preconceptions.
6.1 am afeatherfor each M#z,fl that blows. ''This process has beeù dilcult, but rewarding. We have had to questi
how we ourselves see Shakespeare, and how we go about accessing 11work. For although we are British, the language of Shakespeare is still q 'our own and is still foreign to us; and although we often blithely comme 'him as universal, we know that making Shakespeare work for a motl.English-speaking audience requires great thought and effort. ln our prcpn/tions for presenting this play abroad, we have been forced to look furth - 7. q.within the text, and within ourselves, to try to grasp the essence of thc g1j/and to bring it out in a way that does not require a British sensibility to ctl - ,
prehend it, but which appeals to all. ? )
(From 'Drama in Cambridge: the 1 996 7)/1/16 ''
l-,lllllplele the sentences chntsinp the rijht alternative.
il ( 'êtmbridre University offers a course of drama for its alumni.1 ' I t is the blggest centre of smdent theatre in Britain-t l 'lle University has a drama department.
2, ' I'he students provided money for the tour.11 'l'l1e tour was linanced by the University. .i 'l'11e tour was. linanced by several organizations and members of the
CtllT1pany.;1 I'lle theatre performed only in small halls.I,. I'lley perfonned in diverse glaces.( ' I'hey performed in big stadlums.
,1 ''rrhe Winter's Tale'' is about strong characters.1, 'rhe play makes us despise the weaknesses of people.('. 'I'lRe weak and passionate characters arouse sympathy of the audience.
)1 l lltelpretation of the characters was quite an easy task for the performers.11 'I'hey considered a 1ot of interpretations too simplc and shallow.t' ' I'hey thought any approach would do.
$1 'I'he language of Shakespeare sounds up-to-date.11 lt 's quite easy for native English speakers but hard for foreigners..' It sotmds foreign even to native English speakers.
k, 'I-he students wanted the play to appeal to any kind of audience.I , 'l'hey thought that only Englishmen were able to comprehend the play.k 'I-hey believed that the play could appeal only to strong-willed people.
1$ lex! Features and Language Fnctls
1 , hjvlistic Differentlation of Vocabulary
11 'hilc reading the text you come across some wtprl.ç undphrases whioh' // ï ' (vpical ofthe Ianguage oftheatrical reviovs, articles on theatre /Jt'p=> '? nlunces, etc. Jbz/ can easilyfeel that these words andphrases are .5'(plibtit'ally marked, i.e., differentfrom words which arc used in cvcrw ptfy''./'ï 'f '('h. These Ianguage peculiarities can be accountcdfor by the t'f)???l'lllllicative purpose ofthe text, which is advertising frz a broad .$'c&A't-.lksides, this text abounds in spec/c *technical '' words to Jt) '$v///
f/?l .(lh.e.. talking about staging aplay andpresenting i t to an a?/t//t'/lt .t'
* Look through the following Iist of words and phrases and deellwhich of them are m arked as described above.
blithe a variety of venues y 'precopception a stretch to one's imaginationimplistic access one's work tossophisticated ttzrn into reality 'facile think one's way intoresonant reject an interpretationagainst a11 odds grasp the essenceoverllow with humanity perceptions of a playcommitm ents to society
B. Reinforcing Fpccslz/lr.p1. Cnnnect the adjectives frcm the tnlumn nn the Iefl with the apprnpriate nnull
frcm the cnlumn nn the rijht Use an article where necessary. Nnte that the nntlnlmay be used mnre than nnce.
vulnerable informationoverseas ideasdiverse tastesconsistent smdents 5sophisticated spot ' 'relevant interests
I
2. In each Lcx belnw match the wnrds which are similar in meaninq.
fund appeal praise grasp commend ',a) verbs understand linance attract '
overseas consistent diverse joyful regularb) adjectives ssticated fbreign blithe complex variedsop
3. Cnmplete the fcllnwinj senlences chcnsinj the suitable Fcrds lrcm the bnx.
1. 1 couldn't ... the meaning of his words. $2 The ideas in his various speeches are not ... . l* i3. The quarrel ... in rivah'y between hvo tribes. '!4. If youjoin in the discussion, make sure that what you say is ... . j5. The concert's still on Samrday, but the ... has been changed. 1,
r
'
appeal consistent diverse fund grasp odds originateoverseas prey relevant sophisticated venue vulnerable
f' t Jround windows are particularly ... and sectlre locks should be itted.1 t ljlerations of this kind often involve the use of highly ... equipment.8 . . trade is expected to increase significantly this year.'$ 'I'Ile category of malnmals contains creatures as ... as lions, elephants and
Iltlman beings.I (4 'I'I)e project was ... by the government.$ l lt was his sense of humottr that really ... to me.l .' When she thought of her daughter's futttre she was ... to anxiety.1 6 'lnhey are not likely to win, the ... are against them .
Prcvide an adeqtlale translatinn fnr the fcllnwing cnllncatinns.
be pray to a fear raise moneybring smth out turn into realityconsign to damnation
Translate the senlences intn English using the wnrds and phrases Ircm the textin the italicized parts.
l . C'lyaeHerbl Haiiay'r Mn020 NXJITN&l.Y > (aKmyWlbnblx #JlJl nlIX) yrlpam-HeHH; B Kolme KHHTH.2. Cyab:l aon-ubl 6sITs TBepaBIMI4, crlpaBealllfBblMll H noclteèo6ame-llb-
zlhlNlz B IIPIIMCHeHHH 3aKOHa.3. M ecmoM 3HMHIIX OJII4MrIHGCKIIX Hrp 1998 roaa 6b1J1 H36paH ropoa Ha-
rallo B XIIOHHtI.4. Bo Bpem I'lrPbl B xolûlteiil/AadlMfhle IIaCTH Tella ;IODKHbI 6bI'1% 3amHmeHbl.5. Ta= 11033115 m mlclla npurleKamb Jlloileii c Cw ktïuymonqelm bl.M BKYCOM.6. ABTOMO6HJISHM IIPOMLIIIIJIQHHOCTB C'rpaaae'r H3-3a afd###cJlC;l/li KOH-
KXPCHNMM.7. OHH cTapazo'rc.g GopoTbc, npoïllB Tl-ellblx o6cmoameabcma.8. bbl.rlo pemello co6pamb (nalqonumb) aeHbr:l JlJl.q rloe3alf.H Tea'rpa BxpynHsle ropoaa Pocclm .
9. Xoraa JI ayMalo 06 aToM, Melu oèoaesaem cpl#r .1 0. HypxHo nocTapaa c, nolu'a 3T0ro qenoBeKa, a He npeèa6amb ez/ npo-
l l . y HHx 6sI.qa oxleHs nanpxx ennaa zz'/z#ftyl.âl/.12. HyyxHo MHoro caelaTs, HTo6sI npemaopumb 3ToT rmaH B )xH3HI>.1 3. lzlx solzlosarlo, xaxHM 6yae'r eocnpuxmue rlbecbl JIIOO MH apyroû xyaw-
'1ypbl.
111. F01Icw-Up Actlvity t )* Get ready to speak about $
- the actual realization of the project of a Cambridge Student Thelttf# CEtouring to Eastern Ettrope and Russia: the problems and the rewartjs;
- the dilculties of presenting Shakespeare to a modern audience, csgeycially a non-English one.
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Read the text and fill the wcrds nn the riqht into the gais. Use them in prcpl/jrammatical Inrms. Ycu will nnt need alI the wnrds.
T% cm#nJf4J#p+ Cn#-:JJ want clothesC see them,'' thetold a costume (1) . . ., tron't design anythingone could buy in a store'' De M ille's viewsnorm in the grand era of the Hollywood studious when(2) was a11 and the designer's chief ftmction was to(3) . . . actors and actresses into stars. Costume designersnowadays play a (4) . . . role in movie making - that mostcollaborative of art forms - but the (5) . . . lilmgoer sel-dom notices their handiwork because realism in dress (6)
Both the Hollywood system and the (7) of thecraft have changed, as this sampling of costume designs(8) between classics and flm-shows. lndependent de-signers often buying ready-made outhts to (9) . . . a ehar-acter, have (10). .. the in-studio wardrobe departmentsthat once tailored cutting-edge fashion for stars. Moderndesigners work with the director, the production design-er, and the actors from the script stage onward to (11)a character through the clothes they choose. The occa-sional historical epic or fantasy film still (12) plentyof scope for the designer's imagination. But, as contem-porary designer Albert Wolsky stresses the cosmmes are!a single element in a flm's (13) .. . deslgn scheme. Theyshould (14) .. . with ttface, hair, color of eyes, ftmziture,sky. The (15) is, you shouldn't remember the clothesbut the feeling.''
that will m ake peoplefilm director Cecil
gasp when theyB. De M ille once
that any-were the glam ottr
to t'urnto predominatcto suitto admireto replaceto maketo shapeto suggestto offerto rem oveto watchto balancevitaloverallcurrent
average
designerpointconcept
176
' k';)-:((7172(@)% V (GO IN G PM CESAN D SEEIN G TH E W O RLD
lllëlklj' qo 0n a Lnng Railway Journeyl sought trains, I fotInti l'Clsst-llltt-l ..i
1' '/7,4-/'t 'ît t
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. Reading and Ccmprehension TasksThe Iollpwing wnrds are essenliaj fnr understanding and disctlssing the mainideas nl the lext Learn the meaninj and prcnunciaticn t)f these words.
, 1. General Vocabular.v
Verbsaffect (o'fektjor somethingbeckon E'bekanj to make a signal to somebody with your hand to showthat you want them to come to youbetray Ebl'trel) to be disloyal to someone who trusts you so that they
to do smth that produces an effect or change in someone
are harmed or upsetblink gbllpk) to shut and open your eyes quicklydump gdAmp) to put smth such as a load, bag, etc somewhere in acareless, untidy wayemerge (I'm3:d5j to appear or come out ftom somewhereenclose (Inlklouzj to put smth inside an envelope as well as a letterflood (tRAd) to make a place become covered with waterprocure (pra'kjuc) to obtain smth especially smth that is diëcult to getrattle g'rœtl) to move quickly, making quick repeated knocking noiseroll (roul) if smth that is round rolls, it moves by turning over and overseek gsi:kl (sought, sought) to look fortend gtend) to look after someone or somethingwithdraw (wlö'dro:j (withdrew, withdrawn) to leave a place, espe-cially in order to be alone or go somewhere quiet
Adjectivesghostly ('goustllq slightly frightened and seeming to be connected wighosts or spiritsmajestic Emo'dsestlk) very big and impressive jsparse gspc:s) existing only in small amotmts ,sumptuous ('sampt-fuos) very impressive and expensiveveritable ('verltobl) a word used to emphasize a comparison that yuthink is correct
j '#. Topical vocabulary: words and expresslons to do with a) trave .ling (by train) and b) the spec/c details ofplaces described.
'kœrlds) (n) Barou 1a) carriage (cart gkcl:tj (n) Tenera iircumference (solkamfrcns) (n) oxppxuoc'rs icZallge LISe1d31 (n) Konelhalt gho:lt) (n) ocerauosxaIatitude ('lœtltjIudj (n) aonro'raschedule g'Jedju:l) (n) pacnHcaHllespan (span) (v) Bzcazoqa'rs (nepuoè spczucwz/, paccmoaltue)a destination plate Ta6nplvllta c yxaaalmeM KoHequslx rfyuh-roB;IBHPXeHHJI noeaaaa scheduled stop ocerauosica no pacrlucalluloa standard gauge c'raHaapa'uag xole.qcome to a halt oc'rauosuerbcx (0 uoe3ae)
b) cummerbund (lkamobandj (n) Icymax ,headscarf ('hedskc:fj (n) nzlaeroxencampment (In'kœmpmcntj (n) Mec'ro zzarep? ênomad ('ncumœd) (n) xoxleslmlcpaddy r'pœdl) (n) nozze, rae soaaezlszsaeercx pucslope gslaup) (n) cxnou;underwear (landaweal (n) zmpxzlee 6easeyurt rj3:t) (n) Iop'racarved window frames peazlsle HazluqzlHxyla Dom ad encam pm ent Jlarepb KOHeBHMXOB
litllorama (jpœnolrcImg)II,:tzaar (ba'zc:)t'llampagne gj-amlpelnjclllatact ('kontœkt)corridor ('korldo:)cultivate g'kAltlveltjIlask (flc:sk)genre ('5(1:rJr1l)) geographical namesAsian (eIJn)I3eijing gbelldslpjGeorgian tlds:h:dsonlthe Gobi ('goubll desertKirghiz g'kaIglz)Mongolia (monlgaulla)
paralysis gpodrlt?l 1s1,.; )icket (' I k 1 t IP 43prairie ( prgor) )serenade (,sero'lleftl jsoprano Ilsolpru:nosl)slzmo ('su:moulthermos E'oa:mos 1zone ('zaunj
Peking E,pi:'kIp)Siberia (sal'blorlo)Trans-siberian ('trans slll'l'lv,l l o'Il lUlan Bator ( u:lcl:n 'bu:1:1Ithe Urals ('juoralzz
2. Read the text carefully andtln the tnmprehensinntasks that lcllaw.
1% F'-J-JIA P W =
2. Practise the prnnunciatinn nf the fcllnwing wcrds.
a) international wordsadequate ('œdlkwotqantithesis (an'tlolslsqarbitrary g'c:bltrorl)
goulash g'gu:lqj-jmahogany (mo'hogonl)obelisk ('obollsk)
1. ls it any wonder that trains are a literary genre all on their own'? WI jlttrs from Graham Green to Agatha Christie realised that there is lltplltilsgtluite like curtained sleeping compartments to quicken the narrative jlljlqp.1'0 board a train that crosses countries and continents is to feel that atlylljltîg
lllight happen.2. ln M oscow's Yaroslavl station, the destination plates of the Traltj r;iberian Express shone in the station lights: M oscow, Ulan Bator, Peking, l'ljqsengers, swathed in steam, hurried past the lit windows: Russians clutcllilsgcardboard suitcases, moustached Poles in ili-ftting suits, Chinese with bik'ycles, a scattering of west Ettropeans, and wave on wave of central Asians lk',whom the Trans-siberian is a local train.
3- My frst-class compartment had the air of a slightly down-at-heel gmltlemen's club. There was an armchair, a writing table, lamps with tasselltdshades, and a Chinese Thermos flask for tea. ln the corridor was the train'Nschedule, tw'o columns of unfamiliar names spanning six days.
We left at midllight. The moon, clearing the rooftops of Moscow, flootl-ed into the compartment. Beyond the city were dachas among ghostly birch-es, a lake where rowing boats were moored in the moonlight, and countrystations set behind picket fences. 1 put my feet up, thrilled to think I could
cross Asia in an annchair.The scale of the Trans-siberian, the longest and greatest of railjourneys,is dim cult to comprehend: 5,500 miles, seven time zones, nearly 100 de-grees of latitude, a quarter of the way around the Earth's circum ference.
179
178
) f'h ilway was al1 the rage at the Paris Exhibition of 194
. -1 e new ra .where four sumptuous carriages formed the centrepiece of the Russiml sta -
Prospective passengers were able to dine in a mahogany-panelletl (!il1icar, gazing out at a painted panorama which was rolled past the window!was the begilming of a European love-affair with this most spectaclllaf 'railways. h
5. In the corridors on the Erst morning, my fellow passengers w .è .
abroad. Not for the Trans-sibeyian traveller the pretence that others d()exist, the polite avoidance of eye contact. We introduced omselves likt t'' ,new neighbolzrs we were, and 1 remembered a line of Paul Theroux':: - .
sought trains', 1 fotmd passengers'' :E 'Next door was a vast Japanese man with whom I shared a connectt t
bathroom. He turned out to be a sllmo wrestler who was afraid of iying, ' .
landings, he muttered rolling his eyes like a soprano. Beyond the wrcstlwas a compartment of Chinese scientists, who spent their days gambling.
. - tthe mornings and evenings they sang. Standing in the conidor in their tlllltwear, they serenaded the passing landscape in high quting voices. i
6. Food in the dining car was adequate, if uninspired. Goulash forllwkpart of every meal. Georgian wine came and went arbitrarily, although tk:was never a shortage of vodka. But the best food was to be found at the .t
. (l.tions where the train made scheduled stops. The platfonps were veritak:jbazaars, and we retunzed to our compartments laden with roast chickel. ,),.sausages, fresh bread and cakes, melons and grilled corn cobs, ice-crepëu?and bags of hard apples. The urban shortages of which we hear so much #'not affect the train. Russian's problem is distribution, not tmder-productidp,
7. The towns we passed, indistinguishable from one another, were 11 l)14yof smoldng chimneys and grey apartments blocks. But the cities werc f:4'.''L)
.interzuptions to a landscape that made sense of Tchaikovsky: grand, cntl/bling and majestic. When God made the world, he must have taken 1111 tkileftover space and dumped it in Siberia.
We rattled across wide walnut-colottred rivers and climbed intt' lh#Urals, where the timber cottages had canred window frames and briyhidoors. Women in headscarves were bent over rows of cabbagesj whilc chtl.-dren ran through yards of washing and woodpiles.
8. At the height of the Urals we crossed from Europe into Asia, and I3œsengers gathered in the corridors to see the white obelisk beside the trlltkwhich marks the frontier. Dusk was falling through the trees, and I markejour passage with a bottle of champagne - one of a case I had procured ilsMoscow for the joumey. Every evening the corks went off like cannons utliof the windows.9. But the very ease of the journey began to betray me. I read, 1 slept. 1.ate. l began to forget who I was. Only at Omsk I leapt down to engagc witk
180
4.41 11 tt'. A group of Kirghiz women with bright headscarves and gold teeth,Iiltillyr ()11 a bench in the sun, beckoned to me. They were keen that I marryùllo 4 ,1 1 lleir daughters. lt was a generous offer, but l was not sure this wash!.', Itlttj withdrew to the sanctuary of the train.
lIl tlle end it was the other passengers who rescued me from this paralysis.I 1j. In the morning we were in the Primorskiy mountains, nmning
11,1. '$t)'.l1 meadows enclosed by birch trees. Pine forests on the higher slopesSlipew Iilng shadows down the motmtains and on to villag' es full of timberfudtf't Ilelow us, Lake Baikal shone in the early light.
l I . 'l-hat night, the evening of the fourth day, we crossed into M ongolia.lIl tlle morning, the steppes of Mongolia undulated to long horizons, and
#fffllt's.: pasture. For miles we saw nothing; then two or tlu'ee yurts, a herd ofS'l 'kt''; grazing in a water meadow, a woman tending a flock of black goats.
I 1ICtT1 Bator, the capital, seemed to have no more permanence than the:I,I,lJ,(! encampments. The apartment blocks looked half-fnished. Horseseel i' tethered by the doors. On the station platform the older Mongolians al1wsltt' traditional dress - a kind of silk dressing-gown, held together with attilllltlt,l'bund, and tall leather boots.
1 2. In the afternoon we entered the Gobi desert. The grass grew sparser,lllf' l t'tl soil blew away in the wind, and the track ran as straight as a drawnlilli' At Saynshand, a thin wire fence protected the station and a few bleakII'w'; ()1- stone houses from a11 that emptiness.
1 3. That night we crossed the boarder into China. Cold stars hung overSllf' tf:lrk prairie at Erlian, where we waited while the bogies were changedfllkll, wide to standard gauge. ln the morning we woke to a landscape thatwlï'; f I1e antithesis of M ongolia. The empty pastures had given way to dense4î'lf lvrttion. Peasants in lampshade hats stood calf-deep in rice paddies. Anfllfl ttllln drove an ox cart along a lane between poplars. Like M ongolia, thisA $1.. :1 tilueless landscape. But here everything was man-made, ever.y tree at'llll/tetl tree, evezy inch of land cultivated.
l 4. At Peking we came to a halt, and emerged blinking into the real'# ' ,, 1(l again. For a11 the enticements of China l was sad to leave the train.
?I i It :k week it had been home, seclzre and famillar. Now l had to begin travel-
(By Stanley Stewardh'om ''The Times Saturday Scview '', 1992)
Trans-siberian Trains Timetableand a Map of Trans-siberian Railway
ltbformation: valid as of15 Janualy 2008.!'? ,' vhown, only the most important ones.
Not aIl Trans-siberian trains
181
Ajourney on the Tzwzzl-zjk'âerzWzl Express Rossia is the Iongest lrll.ride in the world. The frlj?z is deeorated in typical Russian x/y'/e includ.ing its trade markgoldandredcolours. The train is consideredone'ofthêbest fzwfn.ç in Russia in terms ofservice, kiendliness ofsta and upkeep,
The train has 1st and 2n4 class compartments. The 2nd class com.partments have a unique s/y/c with green curtains embroideredwithpic.tures ofall ofthe Russian cities through which the frtzfn passes. The /Jtclass compartments are decked out in Russian ,:/.We red and gold cn/-ours. Each compartment also has a FF. The rrtzja also has a niee diningcar that has a special menufor thepassengers.
Train times: For train stops in Russia, the Mb-çcow time is x/ltlw.G + J. For frafn stops in China and Mongolia, #cI)'I'ng time is J/)o*.G + 8 or Moscow + 5. The time is in 24 hourformat.
Bookings.. It is notpossible to book a tzw/a ticket in Russia, one can o?jbuy it 45 c/tzy.ç in advance. Thus, ifyou want to ensure you will have a tickêyou should buy it. Fozf can do it through ourpartner company s'drvfc' e J/ere,
Buy I'zl advance.. It is strongly recommended to buy the ticketsfor Tran8.Siberian trains in advance, due to high popularity ofthis route.
Disclaimer.. the prices and timetables of trains in Russia change ve .often and the Russian railway is not informing us about these changes. xîlalthough wc 're ing hard to keep this page up-to-date, its' possible that ,
' iIl be outdated. î lsome lnformation w t# !For exact quotes and times, contact a rtzf/wtzy agent through the Tral .
Ticket Reservation Onlinepage on this site. !''j r,
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182
'l'rain: #004. Moscow - Ulan-Bataar - BeijingIleparts: Moscow, Yaroslavsky railway station (on Mopdays, at 22.03)Arrives: Beijing (5 d 1 1 h 28 mins later, at 14.31)Itoute: M oscow r0d Oh 0 mins, at 22.03) - Vladimir (3 h, at 1.03, stops
ltlt 23 minsl - Nizlmy Novgorod - lfirov - Perm - Ekaterinburg (1 d 1 h 52Illllls, at 23.55, stops for 23 mins) - Novosibirsk (1 d 2 1 h 32 mins, at 19.35,k((,IJs for 20 minsj - Krasnoyarsk (2 d 911 17 mins, at 7.20, stops for 20Illillsl - Taishet - Angarsk - Irkutsk (3 d 3 h 19 mins, at 1.22, stops for 23Illlllsj - Slyudyanka (3 d 5 h 49 mins, at 3.52, stops for 10 mins) - Ulan-udel $ tt 10 h 40 mins, at 8.43, stops for 31 mins) - Naushka - crossing Russian-Mfhngolian border - Sllklae-Bator - Ulan-Bataar (4 d 4 h 17 mins, at 07.20,:lllIAs for 30 minsj - crossing Mongolian-chinese border - Beijing (see the
lthl-lte description).Price: 1st class - $475 US (de luxe cabin with a shower), 2nd class: $362t /F; (through Services / Train Tickets)
Trans-M ongolian Trains: Moscow - Ulan-Bataar - Beijing
Train: #003. Beijing - Ulan-Bafaar - MoscowDeparts: Beijing (on Tuesdays 7.40)Arrives: Moscow (5 d, 11 h, 39 mins later, at 14.1 9)Route: Beijing (0d Oh 0 mins, at 7.40) - Ulan-Bataar gl day 5 h 35
lllins later, at 13.15, stops for 35 minsl - Ulan-ude E1 d 23 h 20 mins, at2.00, stops for 20 mins) - Slyudyanka (2 d 4 h 23 mins, at 7.03, stops for 10Illins) - Irkutsk (2 d 6 h 36 mins, at 9.16, stops for 23 mins) - TaishetKrasnoyarsk E3d 0 h 52 mins, at 3.32, sto/s for 20 mins) - Novosibirsk i 3tf 13 h 5 mins, at 15.45, stops for 28 mins) - Ekaterinburg (4 d 8 h 49 mills.:lt 1 1.29, stops for 23 mins) - Perm - Kirov - Nizhny Novgorod - Vladlnlll'(5 d 7 h 59 mins, at 10.39, stops for 23 mins) - Mo:cow (see the rotltc tlç
scription).Price: 1st class - $475 US (de luxe cabin with a shower), 2nd class: $,!t,?US (tlzrough Services / Train Tickets)
(From http://www wgto,ssia.net/Transport/Tmetablessran.b'bb'llbv' /./,1 )
4 T lnwn the rcute cf the train cn the map and pnint ntlt the cilies and tôtmlpjp.. raceit crnsses tm its way.
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5.Each statement belnw (a-n) is related tc the key sentence cf a paragraph. @. lthese statements with the apprcpriate paragraphs (1-14)-.7
a. There are al1 sorts of people among the author's fellow-passengctj, jb. The Trans-siberian Express enjoyed popularity from the first daywas shown to the public. y
c. n e author was thrilled at the scale of thejotuney he was starting ed. Most of the people boarding the train were Central Asians.e. The grey cities seemed insignifcant in contrast to the majestic 1an 2scape around them. ,hp
f. n e author's first class compartment didn't quite loot up to the maë'g. Travelling by train is an unpredictable thing. k .h. The episode at Omsk brought the author back to reality. i; )i. The author was impressed with the variety and quantity of food.j. Crossing the frontier from Europe to Asia was marked as art event. 'k. Leaving the train was a sad moment. fj1. The author was delighted to see Lake Baikal. l j
m. The Mongolian endless steps and pastttres seemed cheerless adh jtdreary to the author. ? !n. The author was struck by the sharp contrast between Mongolian an1 !iChinese landscapes.
rext Features and Language Foctls
.k, ibtvlistic Markers ofthe Text
I /lt ' text I'kç a magrine article written by apm/exs//a5/./f?///'??tJ/j.$'/. 777g pur-/'f ,xg ofthe /cx/ is to give a detailed account ofa most l/r???.$,??:# t'blnu'iencekl 'hich he has had during a fong-
jtpzfmcy by the Frtr/rl.ç-usf//ytr/'/t/ll /$'t/??k ',$'A',The authorskillfully combines abundantfactual fqforplf//dt/p/ îj'ilh :?t'-
t 'ltl.ate and meticulous descrliption. X//lfn a Iimited -çl'zt! (4' (t ??lfp:t?rï??t-(lt'ticle he aims at depicting a longjourney wi//l itS lp/cif/fts't'f 'l3is ' 1'f ll'i(l-f/f?z?.ç of Iandscape and scenery The author achieves /li.$' f'/,/f 'é '/8k't '.$'lhrough the laconic andprecisejournalistic style, which .5'ctv?lA' /t , # '# tt ? t ./t?/c with the train :ç knamicpace and its continuous ?z;ovt'???f'll/.
The author is dehnitely a 'k'er..p good tl-j-cryez: He has :? xlhltl' ..j ', . > ,/(lctails, none ofwhich seem insignijcant to him.
e.g. a group ofKirghiz women in brlkht JJ'Jf/SrJFIVCV; fT $'fl.$/ Jf///flnese m an, etc.
The fexl abounds in wff/y and sometimes ironical remarkv t' d/,?,.'h $ ittj:the author's impressions and attitude to the reality hehnds Jlfr?lA'4'// /ll
The language ofthe article is enriched by the apt citpicc (tl'ilttâ /,y:f'? #'epithets, rpzzzlwrgpzz,ç and metaphors.
e.g. a down-at-heel gentlemen ',: club; God ... took all #lr l*'p(tb'.''m ace and dumped it in Siberia, etc.
1. Prnvide mnre examples cf epithets, metaphnrs, etc-frnm the text.
Recall the ccntexts in which the lcllcwing word-comhinaticns are tlsed,
a nan-ative pulse (j 1)ghostly birches (j 3)a yolite avoidance of eye contact (j 5)unlnspired food (j 6)a veritable bazaar (j 6)a rare interruption to a landscape (j 7)a blur of smoking chimneys (j 7)yards of washing atld woodpiles (j 7)the leftover space (j 7)make senje of smth (9 7)the sanctuary of the train (j 7)
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6. Fctus cn the essential details and give extensive answers !n these qtlestinns.
1. W hy are trains a popular tbpic to writers?2. From what station does the Trans-siberian train leave?3. W hat was the interior of the frst-class compartment?4. When did the train leave?5. Why was Starlley Steward ttlle author) impressed by the scale of thejoumey?6. W hen and where was the new failway exhibited?7. How did the passengers' behaviottr change after the journey began?8. W hy did the author think the food in the dining-car was uninspired?9. W hat so14 of food could be bought at the stations where the train mad:
scheduled stoys?10. W hat did the Journalist think of the towns and villages the train passed?11. W hat attracted the author as the train climbed into the Urals?12. What marked the frontier letween Europe and Asia?13. W hy didn't the author like Ulan Bator?14. W hat traces of cultivation did Stanley Stewart observe in China?15. W hat did the author think when the train came to a halt at Peking?
7. Beread the text and identiN the details cf the factual infnrmatinn relevant fnfthe time the article was wriqen at.
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B. Reinforcing vocabular.v 'j l cak at tha wcrds in tha charl and fill in lhe apprnpriale btaes with their deriva-1 Find the equivalenls nf lhe fcllnwsnj wnrds in the textheprcduce lhe ccnlex lives frcm the text.
which they are used. -.-. -L verb Noun Adjective Adverb
. include a11 of a period of time;d ith smth' (
- -'--
. heavily loade w , prospect. a shape that you cannot see clearly; ' .
@ appear;
arbitrary* a member of a tribe that travels from place to place; : - -----'
short. the distance measured around the outside of a circle; . --. --- - - .. shaped like waves that are rising and t-alling. inspire
. avoid2. camplete the Inllnwing senlgnces usinl the wnrds lrcm the hcx in the appfnprl . .
fcrm. , comprehension
î kuu cwithdraw bleak rescue rattle enclose halt dump sparse - . ..
d leftover OWXCbltlr emerge rage cat've blink floo
empl
1. The cart .. . along the stony road. distinguish2 vegetation in this area accounts for the nearness of the desert.
- -
. . . . jjostg
3. At last the sun .. . from behind the clouds. . . -.4. He . . . to the garden for a private talk. t cultivate
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5. The ships on the horizon ttmzed into a distant .. . ; j se
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para y6. Who . . . al1 these books on my desk? ''j .ln the late 60s platform shoes were all the . . . . '' ! distribute
7.8. 1 . . . as I came out into the stmlight. intenupt9. The landscape looked . . . and bare.10. They are still in the water, waiting to be ! permanent11. Three days of non-stop rain . . . many Eastern cities. ' '
end12. There was a very high wall . . . the courtyard.13. Someone . .. their initials on the tree. tradition14. Al1 sorts of . . . vegetables can be used to make soup like that. . - - . -- -,
15. Heavy snowfalls brought traffc to . . . in many parts of this cotmtry.16. . .. in Bangladesh caused over 1000 deaths. 1. Translate the fnllewinj sentences using the vccabulary cf the textl7. M ichelangelo . . . this hgure from a single block of marble. '1 . l-lyrem ec'rBHe rloe3aoM - aTo pxe cawlo rlo ce6e ecn aumepamypttbtit
18. She . ... a greetings postcard with her letter.,
j JXCCXW'19. They ve made a linal attempt . ... the company from ru n. guoauggu c xxax sse..w Kouequstx nyugmog asuxqeytux noeaaa cug/ltt2.
20. A sudden gust of wind made a11 ottr windows npu cae're soxaansuslx orHei.
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nead a magazine adicle abolll a woman *h0 made a spetlal lrain jcurney.Chnnse the mnst suitable heading frnm the list A-I fnr each parl (1-7) nf theadicle. There is nne extra heading which yntl dn nnt need t: tlse. Thcre is an ex-ample at the beginning (0).
LESSON B. PBACTICE TEST
ö'& Train fo CJ/SI
'rhe daily pattenz.Difliculty with the plumbing.A strong sense of absence.Caring for the passengers.A taste of each countlyA reminder of previous glory.The train acts like a m arket.Getting to know the locals.Slow progress.
111. Fallnw-up Actlvilies* Write a paragraph about the English journalist's impressions oftravelling through the vast spaces of hussia, China and M ongolia,
* Recall an episode from your travelling experienees and writestory using the vocabulary of the text.
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(, J7 2
ïve boarded the train in Moscow as the sun On the lirst night l was puzzjctj llvpl jl',wwas setting. Our cabin was a vision of past get any water from the taps, 111141 $'II$tp#$grandeur: heavy mirrors, old light Nttings bnzshing my teeth in mineral wlyspl I l1,IcIC'nd various pictures of different country discovered that there is a pict-e (lf lllflfltlscenes. I sat on my bed and drank tea as Sticking out behind the tap, 1,1141 1111$, 1111.1I watched Moscow slipping away. This h1tS to be pushed up in ordcr lkll' 1I1e wlslci
to be my home for the next four to appcar.was
llights. The greatest train journey in theworld was, so far, living up to my expec-tations.
I 3
''Hi, guysy'' said a voice from the next-door This was proper train travel. Thcre wple lIttcabin. n is turned out to be .Rachel, from delays, ne problems with the trllrk tI9 tlioNew Zealand and she, too, was travelling all signals and l fell asleep as the traill rlltlggpllthe way to Beijing in Chjna. We each had a through wesjern Russia, an'd woke tpj' wllllluxury cabin and each day an attendant the train still chugging througll weqttll 11cleaned and dusted the tiny room and looked Russia. Outside, smoke curled 11611,1 1I$pafter us. This meant that whenever the train Chimneys of little houses surrotlllllpll tpj'topped he would make sure we were back birch trees.son board on time.
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I sat with Rachel in the restaurant car and The train moved onward to Mongolia 4 .discovered tllat the food was provided by the stopped in Ulan Bataar, where the platfe icountl,y you happen to be passing through at was crowded witlz people. 'rhey had com: tj jtlw time. n is meant that in Mongolia the buy from the traders who had piled thêll. 'meals were quite small and simple and in boxes Onto the train when it leR Siberia.
China they were like a feast with lots of dif-ferent dishes to choose from. .
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5 r 7 . !
During the Erst and longest part of the jour- n e fnal train which took us to Chill.ney, 5,191 kilometrcs be-een Moscow and stopped, considerately, at a station situatd $Siberia, we moved omcially f'rom Europe within the Great Wall. so we could take ph# t
tos. n at leh two days in Beijing before * iinto Asia. At each station we got out to j
stretch our legs and settled into a peaceful Xw home. The whole trip Iasted just over 4 itrain life, broken only by the occasional en- Week but we came back feeling we lmd be.ergetic walk along a platform in a distant aWay for months.
town where we smiled at thc local people.By the time we reached Irkutsk we hadcrossed 5ve time zones in four days, result-ing in the unusual experience of train lag.
F m ''F/r.ç/ Cert6cate Practice rea/,g Plus J ' )rm
ia hat a nnderful nrldj
Travel, in the younger sorq is a part of educ: '?1 .
tion. He that travelleth into a country before 111hath some entrance into the language, goeth tschool and not to travel. j'
Francis Bacon (1561-1 JJIJ.
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING g1.
1. Readinj and Cpmprehensipn Tasks )l
1. The fnllpwing wnrds are essential fBr understandinj and discussinç the malildeas nl the lext Learn the meaning and prcntmciaticq cf tllese wards. tlboulder g'bouldo) (n) Am.E a large stone or a piece of rock tldrift gdrlftl (v) to move along smoothly and slowly on water or in the aij
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f'lklbrace (Imlbrels) (v) to put your#4It'I,, i11 a friendly and loving wayIkeight gfreltq (n) a train that carries goodslltjp ghopj (v) to jumplllpp a train (plane, bus) Am.E get on a train (plane, bus, etc.)illtently glnftentll) (adv) showing strong interest and attentionIknapsack g'nœpsœk) (n) a bag that you can carry on your shouldersItloving g'mu:vlpl (a) making you feel strong emotions, especially sad-
ljf'ss Ctnd sympathyshrug (JrAg) (v) to raise and then lower your shouldersstride (straldz (n) Am.E a long stepwince (wlns) (v) to suddenly change the expression of your litcc :ts lj
lr:lction to smth painful or upsettinga roll of exposed films a long piece of flm, photos that llJss I't-efl
wk Clpped around a ttlbe several times so that it forms the shape of 21 ttll'ea wad (wod) of dollar bills a thick pile of banknotes
atnns around sotnetllke 111,(1 l1$ ,!4 j.
Read the tezt carelnlly and then dn the tasks lhal fnllnw.
TravAr.by G/z-rzswzl ##/. lltn
( ;. Keillor is an American writer. He is famous for his articles & radio proglrttllplllog litwllich he describes life & recent events in the town of Lake Wobegon, dcep iI, tlle Ilisöl l(,I Middle America. '
y ffteen-year-old son has just rettmzed from abroad witll a tlklzlttrolls of exposed flms and a htmdred dollars in uncashcd tl avfllul ':
('ltecks, and is asleep at the moment, dlifting slowly westward towaldq ( 'el$(l':tl Time. His blue duffel bag lies on the hall lloor where hc (lltjlpl/pis it,Itllout four short strides into the house. Last night, he slept in IhIl'iN! alII1 llli?lwenty nights before that in various beds in England and Scotl:tlltl, 1,411 :1-4(lcntly he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walketj ilI ulsd wwt'Inbraced and he said he'd missed home, his electrical systelll Ntlddfkillt'çwitched off, and he headed half-unconscious for the sack, whcrc I tlllttgllifille beat his o1d record of sixteen hours.
l don't thirtk 1'11 slecp for a while. This household has been I'ltlllllllg tl l'Iwfèver over the trip since weeks before it began, when we said, ttll, (,11: lkIII4#II#yyt)u'11 be itl London! Imaginel'' It was his first trip overseas, s(, we pf/..f'dtluvel books on him, and a t.ape cassette of useful French phrascs'. dlew t'j! :
* Am .E.
191
list of people to visit; advised him on clothing and other things. At the luggage store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he looked at a few suitcas,and headed for the duffels and kllapsacks. He said that suitcases were mofor o1d people. I am only in my forties, however, and I pointed out that a suitcase keeps your clothes neater - a sports coat, for example. He said he wasa'taking a sport coat. I'he voice of my mother spoke through me. çr on't yowant to look nice?'' 1 said. He winced in paiil and turned away.
My mother and father and a nephew went with him on the trip, durinwhich he called home tllree times: from London, from Palis, aild from a vi1 .lage named Ullapool, in the Highlands. ttlt's like no place in America,'' hreported from London. Near Ullapool, he hiked through a crowd of Scottishsheep and climbed a mountain in a rainstorm that almost blew him ofl- thèsllmmit. He took cover behind a boulder, and the sun cnme out. In the villagw.a man spoke to him in Gaelic,' and, too polite to internzpt, my son listened tohim for ten or ffteen minutes, trying to nod and murmtlr in the right placeg.The French he leamed from the cassette didn't hold water in Paris - not ev*his fallback pllrase, tparlez-vous anglais'?' The French he said it to slwuggd.and walked on. ln Paris, he bought a hnmbtuger at a tiny shop rtm by a Grecouple, who oFered Thousand Island dressing in place of ketchup. Hescribed to me, and the Eiffel as he had described Edin.
on the streets.outside
7.
Notre Damebmgh, Blair Castl ,e hotel rooms, meals, people he sawtKW hat's it like? '' I asked over and over. l myself have never been
the United States, except hvice when I was in Canada. W hen 1 was eighteen,a friend and I made a list of experiences we intended to have before we'j ?reached hventpone, which included hopping a freight to the West Coast,leaming to play the guitar, and going to Ettrope. I've done none of them,When my son called, 1 sat down at the kitchen table and leaned forward and, 1htmg on eveg word. His voice came through clearly, though two of the calls' jwere like shlp-to-shore commtmication in which you have to switch from'' 1Receive to Send and when l interrupted him with a ttGreatl'' or a ççRea11y?'' 1 '(
'
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knocked a little hole in his transmission. So l just sat and listened. l haver '!never listened to a telephone so intently and with so much pleasure as 1 didg ';those three times. It was wonderful and moving to hear nesvs from him that 1was so new to me. ln my book he was the first man to land on the moon anl knew that 1 had no advice to give him and that what I had already givenwas probably not much help. ''
The unused checks that he's left on the hall table - almost half the wad (sent him off with - is certainly evidence of that. Youth travels light: no suit, 'case, no sports coat, not much luggage, and q slim expense accotmt, and yehe went to the scene, got the story, and came back safely. 1 sit here amazed)The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a counyou've never seen is a night you would gladly prolong into a week. h;
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2. Study the Iist cl the Icllowinç expressions fmm the text Check yptlr tlnderstand-ing hy matching each cf the expressicns cn the Ielt with the derlnitions given nnthe ripht State which cl the expressicns has a metaphcrical meaning.
run a 1ow fever over smthpress smth on smbdraw up a listtake covernot to hold water
try hard to give smth to smbfnd shelter/protection from bad weatherpay close attention to what smb saysbe very excited about smthbe of no use
193
Find evidence in the text lB prove nr disprove the fcllnwing slatemeqt: aùfltll 111.atllhnr's allilude K his stm and his trip.
. The boy's parents had been excited weeks before his lirst tleip over.etp
began.. The boy's father wanted his son to look nice and neat.
. The father was fmscinated by his son's describing the places he had nevef
visited himself.. The boy's father was amazed at and proud of his son's achievement.
. The father seems to be over-protective about his son.
Il. Text Fealures an1 Lanjuage Fncus
.d. E valuating the author !j' style and the language ofthe /e.x/
1 There arepassages in the text which are not immediately related to thesubject matter and give cx/m information and details. Theirfunction isnot to add morefacts but to reveal the author'sfeelings and his attitudetowards the event being describei
e.g. In the village a man spoke to him in Gaelic, and, too polite tointerrupt, my son listened to him for ten orlyieea minutes, êr-pfzzg tozl/l and murmur in the rightplaces
2 The text is characterised by a wide use of metaphorical expressions,similes, exaggerations and idioms which are typical ofeolloquial speech.
e.g. .1l/-/o-,&/ltve communication, afallbackphrase, ete.
1. Find snme mnre examples nf extra infcrmaticn and acccunt fcr its tnntrihutinn t:
lhe slcry.
hang on every wordget the stor.ygo to the scenehead for the sackdrift slowly towards smthbeat one's o1d record of 16hoursbe the lirst man to land onthe m oonswitch off (his electric sys-tem switched ofg
prepare a written list of smthbe involved in a situation (activities)go to bedachieve one's goalbe the explorer of some tmlcnown placesstop ftmctioning (about the mind and body)
move to the regular time and routine
sleep more than 16 hours
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l 3. PaaroBop wla<no zle#ettglzzf o'r oaHoii TeMbl x apyroii.l 4. KopaGnb c ryMaHH-raplloii nowfomslo nanpaeaxacx x seperaM l '1,11 I II?
nocTpaaaBltlero OT D MJIe'l'PSCeHI'IS.l 5. Ee peqb 6I,Izfa Talcoii mpoeamembnoû, HTo Blal3salia cneabl Ha I'.)ld'$;$ N
rlpucyercrrBylomHx.16. OH HHqero He OTBeTHJI, Tonbxo noiucaa azlevfr-zz H o'rsepHyncl.17. M an.b He-Ho o6nxaa H notwnoBalla csolo aoqb.l 8. Oua enuxameztbuo BcMaTpHBazlacb n zluua Ha èoerorpaillH, xax Gy24 I t,
c'rapazlacs 3aneqau eTw llx B csoe; HaMJITH.19. Bslno HHTepeczlo Ha6zlloaaers, xax o6llaxa wlstau no He6y.20. AIu cvuopuluaacb pzzl soau, Koraa 3y6Ho; Bpaq c'razl cBepnlfn ee rly(,.
111. Follnw-up Activities* Recall a particular occasion when you travelled on your own wlth-out your parents. W rite a paragraph about your impressions.
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
* Recall the episodes where these expressions are used in the text.
B. Reinforcing Vocabulary1. Chccse the variant clasest in meaninj to lhe Inllnwinj wnrds and expressinnl
frcm the text
1. a trip overseasa) on one's own;b) a sea voyage;c) a trip abroad to a country across the sea.
a duffel baga) a rucksack;b) a suitcase;c) a briefcase.
3. blow off the summita) organize a meeting of government leaders'b) make smb fall from the top of the mountaln;c) sum up the facts.Thousand lsland dressinga) exotic clothes;b) special bandages',c) spicy sauce.
2. Translale inlc English usinj the wnrds and expressinns frnm the text.1. M oîi IIJITHU IOTHJIeTHII; cblH Bepuyzlcx H3-3a rpaunubl r èecxmKaM om -
czzllzahl.x nnellox H coerlle; nozlnapoB B xlexax.2. OH 6pocua csoii plox3ax # necKoabh'ux zwszftv om aBepu B KoMllaly.
194
The three exlrat'ts belnw are aI1 tnncemed in scme wa# with travel and tctlrism.Bead the extracts and fnr questicns (1-6) chcnse the answer (A, B, C 0r W whichyBu think fits best acccrding tn the text '
195
> w ac//- a Nové# h, Lyn, you can't be serious.'' Bridget Cooper flicked her aubtlm
hair back in a careless gesture that distracted every man witlll:a two-table radius, and glanced at me reprovingly. ç4You look like deatkwarmed up, you know. The last thing you should do is take another trans.tlantic llight.'' j'Y , lept straight through !W ith anybody else, l might have argued that I d s
9 htthe New York Eight two days ago, and that my next business flight wouldn tbe until the twentpfrst of January ... but with Bridget, 1 knew, I'd be wast.ing my breath. Besides, I'd known her long enough to realise this was sim.ply preamble. Bridget never worried about anybody's health except her own.And she never rang me at nine on a Monday, suggesting we meet and hav4
lunch, unless she had a reason.Bridget was a one-off, an exceptionally talented writer with a wild im-agination that made her books for children instant classics, and a wild naturethat drove the poor directors of my literary agency to distraction. In the fouryears since l'd signed her as a client, Bridget's books had earned a fortunefor the Simon Holland Agency, but her unpredictability had caused muchtearing of hair among my colleagues. My favourite of her escapades - theday she'd kicked the BBC presenter - was now a Simon Holland legend.And 1, who had survived four years, and one week's holiday in France with
Bridget, had risen to the stat'us of a martyr.
How does Lyn feel when Bridget advises her against travelling?
A. touched by her friend's concernB. offended by her friend's reasonsC. surprised at her friend's insistenceD. suspicious of her friend's motives
2. W hat do we leaz'n about Lyn's colleagues?A. They are unwilling to work with Bridget.B. They fmd it hard to take Bridget seriously.C. They admire Lyn for putting up with Bridget.D. They blame Lyn for introducing Bridget as a client.
ofrrravéourneys are the midwives of thought. Few places are more conducive tointernal conversations than a moving plane, ship or train. There is an a1-
most quaint correlation between what is in front of olzr eyes and the thoughtsthat we are able to have in our heads: large thoughts at times requiring large
l96
$' Ilwws, new thoughts, new places. lntrospective l ellt-t't iillls1 t ' stktll are helped along by the flow of the lanflsllfll )c. ' I .114- l/tilltl nlay be re .Içllutrtnt to think properly when thinking is all it is sllllj'l'tlt-ll t$) t.f(1. 'I-lle task' klll be as paralysing as having to tell a joke or lllilllit- J,t 1 :$t'('t-l#l ( ,l, tlelnand.l Ilillking improves when parts of the znind are giveyl (3jI)t-j lilslss- :tre cllltrgedïvI l 11 listening to rnusic or following a line of trees.
Of all rnodes of transport, the train is perhaps l l1e I htx.qil 11,1 ! ,4 , , jltlllgl'll :l 11tl views have none of the potential rnonotony of tbtbse $41, qlttj, t ,1 1)l;lt1t..1 lkcy move fast enough for us not to get exasperated btll Nlt pwl y' t.#ld ,IIh!ll j# )14 lcntify objects. They offer us brief, inspiring glimpses itttsl j#I I vtttt- (1( , .Iltllins, letting us see a wolnan at the precise tnoment wllell slls, tak' cu a f 4 lj l1 l f 11'n a shelf in her kitchen, then canying us on to a patio wllrl e 4, 11 pjp, 9 l-kpllceping and then to a park where a child is catching a ball thrljwlt IIv tl f Ip
tlre w e cannot see.
According to the writer, why may people think deeply on a lollg 91,,11 tlc v'.'A. They are inspired by things they see out of the wmdow.B. They are bored and so have lots of time for reqection.C. 'fhe mind is only partly occupied in looking at the view.D. The mind is free of its usual everyday preoccupations.
He sees the train as the most conducive to thought because ofA. the particular speed at which it travels.B. the varied lanclscape through which it passes.C. the chance it gives us to compare olzr lives with others'.D. the need to keep pace with the constantly changing view.
4% uvg œfe or4% uvg @ raking a holiday is no longer a matter of just packing a sunhat and head.ing for the beach. From transport pollution to the impact on local com.
munities, today's tourist can no longer ignore a whole raft of ethical con-cerns that must be considered before any booking is made. And, of course,tourism does have its environmental cost; by definition tourism involvestravel, and air travel is the most polluting form of transport most people willever use. Long-haul qights release tonnes of greenhouse gasses into the at-
mosphere for each passenger they carlyBut that's not all. Patricia Barnett, director of the organization TourismConcem, points out that in a world where only 3.5 percent of people havetravelled to another country, there is something in the essence of tourism it-self that highlights inequality. Growing tourism to developing countriesmeans that the quarter of the world's population which lives in the north not
197
'tt ')'
ly consumes B0 percent of the world's resources, but is now travelling t: ton 1the south and consuming the other 20 percent as well. So perhaps tourism ijp )in itseltl a display of conspicuous constunption something which ptlat t.people can aspire to, but are unlikely to attain. J'
,1 djcctivesafloat (odt-lcut) (adj) qoating on waterIush (lAJ1 (a) (about plants) having many leaves, looking healthy and
strongtranquil (Itrœpkwll) (a) pleasantly calm, quiet and peacefulverdant g'v3:dont) (a) covered with freshly growing green grass and
plants
2- Practise lhe prnnunciaticn cf the ftllcwing internatitnal wcrds and gecgraphical
names:
a) international wordsatmosphere L'œtmasflo)clinic g'kllnlk)concentrate ('konsantreltlcruise gkruIz)geographical (jdslo'grœflkalq
b) geographical namesCaledonian (jkœllddounjon)Filipino gjflll'pimoujIndonesia (jlndcu'ni:zla)the lndonesian Archipelago gjlndoulni:ajon jctkllpellogoulthe Java Sea (ldsck:vo)Scandinavian gjskœndllnelvjon)
omcer E'oflsz)passenger ('pœslndso)standard g'stœndod)tropical ('troplkalqvolcano Evol'kelnaul
3. Read the text carefully and lhen tln lhe tasks that ftglnw.
crûjinâ l Y@+ f, fJ4 gniontian #Jil.-fhere are over 12,000 islands in the lndonesian Archipelago. For (,111
voyage tlzrough the Java Sea we will concentrate on just nine which althotlgllgeographically close, ofl-er the kaveller a fascinating variety of scenery ItII(l
cultures.
Thc writer suggests that tourists areA. largely unconcerned about the environmental consequences of travel,B. increasingly aware of the ethical arguments surrotmding tomism.C. willing to pay the price of the environmental damage they cause.D. mostly indifferent to the needs of the communities they visit.
Patricia Barnett's main point is that tottrismA. represents a waste of the developed world's resources.B. encourages people to make unnecessarily long journeys.C. can only be enjoyed by a minority of the world's population.D. prevents most people enjoying the benefts of intemational travel.
(From 4'CAE Practice Tests '')
(IIIIN llo It's a Belightful ExperienceA man travels the world in search of what heneeds and returns home to find it.
George Moore (1852-1933)
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. Reading and Cpmprehensinn Tasks1. The fcllcwing wcrds are essential l0r tmderstanding and discussinj the main
ideas a1 the text Leam lhe meaninj and prcnunciatitn nf these wcrds.
facility gfo/sllltll (n) equipment, or services provided for particular
servicesleunge r'launds) (n) a comfortable public room in a hotel or otherplaces used by many peopleIuxury ('1AkJorI) (n) very great comfort and pleasure that you get fromexpensive food and beautiful surroundings
verbs in'hc:nsl (v) to improve smth or to increaseenbance Eln198
ï -
.,:,.. j: , . .. . :. g. 4. .i' .h:.. . . . , .jj <y).h;k.. . . . . . '.' :. .,
+; . . . ? . ,, .. . . . : .....:.:J .k , , , . E4cï1jj. Lz, . .,,E:$, r, , .' . ..'T!!F.th. ' :. ! $.k.y. ' Xf. .. ... .i1t$1>k. .
G. . . . '':JrR4qj:. . ' jj'. @jL:E .. qjL :.& , . . . .,. .,. .: ,y .u . .. . .. .. .: 'jr . , . . . ti..: .
' ':' ' ' .: . .& .''.' ..' 4,4j)6.. (jj ... . ij).,.:..k;j).,.,(jJ.. 'illhlh . .. (ëtj;jy'' ë. 41.;. . ....: : .'.::k: : ' ' ' ki.x.. !.. ,Crkï. .:'y!;j)î$1),!. , .1.1., . . .,yjJ(' .
' . . ' '' ' ' ' . ... zus . îs: . ,j). : <r, :x. . j ), . :.,,ë.E.. . .s s:fkil'd ,?,..4..x..rb .) . . '.!. 1iL. S,.
,pkzsjkli ' ' . ' . ' . . . . .,Eh è . ' . . e<.:' '.!E1 ...:. '' htIt1d1kIk. ':8: Chp : #y: ë v xkjax%: yy> *) %
. Wv . c : : <!Jh Y$<
. '? : : . . J . . .
.F..f'4:' ' ''' j : 1 c. + . x. -. . . f' ' ' .. '':. WJ;. .ë :'' ' '
:.jk#jEEEy.iz%TJ.JK>â%#:f1E JIYCJ a:t V 5t* xr ' % '%$%%'. . . . < XkL f'> '' ' ' ''' ' ' ' '
, ù: . . zwo ;
. .. . . . . . y; : .,,; . .%.v. '%: ;
. . . gy. . .
z . . S:' .. ,v%.'. . ' >s. '.>' .
c ' x-.xx .4,::t1$;. .1:, vk.j e.r ' -' ktvlllzt. >%, . . apf'/. '.:. xoxoa:. ..
' ''''x. ... o . ': 1: o-'esljk j 4 @ ..jt; ,JAJ. . t
'' ' .. '' v. :.
' ...:;y*... ' q '>z... s. ..' x s :kk : 'u 8.Y:29..4 . . . . ..' ' kk. ïk .44 t:jx k' j*à'$.. ..., , Nyr. . . '. '' ' ''t2'ï'.. '' . .?p jgjâ,
. . . $. j.''xr
199
r ;- -72+7:)474 e'- ?t) (jr ' y 2. Indeed this sea-journey through tlle.:. .j,,;rk.., . .. . . . -;:y-j, ,,-):k;;.. .,,2-k,,.(---
,,
kkjkj>). , t 4). j jslands will offer a breathtaking val ielyit-, , y û' . jy . , , y exot c'yk&x' -.' ;;t, e:
. '. . .
,?',. of- landscape; f-rom the dramauc to the tranqllilj. ::f(
,.$ C--,4jj. ) ,.-.;, j.y a mix ot- towering blue-grey volcanoes to l)l tI,(!t. ypj, ' LLL' . '''y. , ë' ' l ..: <' . -.,.j.).% ëtjr j:- jj' ..jCyy , i . - coastal scenery to cool hill cotmtly
ycy!' '''/' 3. There is little doubt that the most ctdln.'ï9E' ..:) . ...
J(., . . fortable and exciting way to travel throtlgll 111,
z! E 7: , -. 7t'..') donesia is by sea. Not only are the views lnllll j
tV#,- ship's deck so appealing but more importanl lj.2. ) s ' a.
the absolute ease with which a succession ()I jj.
: lands are visited without having to use l(x#
C-VXYJ'' Ilights and changes of hotels.4. After the day exploring: what clpttlp
be better than to return to comfort and luxury of an alr-conditiollelship for good food and company as we sail through the night for our I1:xl
port of call.5. This is a delightful journey for those who enjoy shipboard life!
the atmosphere is infonnal and relaxing. There will be no black-tie evclll.and entertainments. Rather a voyage with like-minded travellers wllq
travelling by sea in the special atmosphere that only a small Nlltjlenloycan offer.6. In addition to being one of the fnest exploration cnzise ships i11 tll:world, she ofl-ers the highest standards of accommodation, food and servit'eShe is also specially designed for unpredictable seas.
7. There is accommodation for up to 1 10 passengers. Al1 cabins are itlçu.side' with private shower & wc and refrigerator. lt has a single-sitting restall,rant, two lounges, bar, library, shop, beauty parlotm clinic: sun deck, swilllwming pool and plenty of deck areas for reading or observatlon.
8. The excellent facilities are enhanced by the Scandinavian Otxcers l1lltlM anagement which together with the caring Filipino crew make thc MjCaledonian Star one of the happiest and best rtm ships aGoat.
(From ''F/lC Times Saturday Sevfc;'w '', / QQ 11
4. Check yntlr cBmprehensinn nf the text by kiving extensive answers tn the KlIe#sing questinns.
1. W here are the nine islands chosen as ports of call situated?2. W hat can they offer to holidaymakers?3. W hat are the advantages of travelling
a) by a cnzise ship in general?b) by a small ship like the Caledonian Star in particular?
200
11 Text Features and Languaje Focus
1. The Language ofAdvertising
11 f' l ' 'SWhy is it so pleasant to return to the ship after spending the day (7sllore?Why is the ship called an exploration ship? How is it designed?l Iow many passengers can the ship accomm odate?W hat accommodation is available on board the Caledonian Star? ,IWho helps to make the voyage still more comfortable and fascinatirB '
Phccse tlle ccrrect variant to ccmplete the lcllcwing deliniticns.
' I'he abbreviation MS in paragraph 8 stands for:;l) manuscript;I)) merchant shipping',c) motor ship.'Fhe abbreviation wc in paragraph 7 stands for:1) water closet;b) without charge (6e3 Halcrlaaublx pacxoaoBl;c) week commencing.'I'he phrase black-tie events in paragraph 5 is closest in m eaning to;') a mournful gathering;l)) where everyone is expected to be dressed formally;c) a gathering of celebrities.' - in h 5 is closest in meaning toI he phrmse like-minded travellers paragrap:t) a1l of whom are intelligent people;b) whose way of thinking is alike',c) al1 of whom like one another.' I'he pronoun she in paragraph 6 stands for;!) the ship;b) the crew;c) the company.'I'he word run in paragraph 8 stands for;t) the fastest',b) working smoothly;c) organized elciently.
/ (Jpicalfeature ofadvertising is the use ofatljectives or nouns #cn(#/N&il high degree ofquality rhetorical questions, inverted word order r0N-
201
structions. The purpose of this is to emphasise the advantages (?f //?pamenities andfacilities, being advertised to attract thepotential tllaf.s>/fva.
ers or clients.
* Go over the passage and pick out examples of features typiexjl/
used in advertisements.
B. Reinforcing VocabularyMatch the wcrds in the twn cnlumns tn make ccrrect ccllccatinns: a) adj + ntlqh) nntln + nttln, c) nctln + nf + nnun. Give pur nwn examiles with scme cf thel
Add adicles where necessary.
a) adj + nounabsolutebreathtakingunpredictableprivateverdanttoweringlocalspecialcoastalgoodswimmingcmingappealing
paddiesiightcrewshowersatm ospherecompanyseavarietypooleasevolcanoessceneryvieyvs
b) noun + nounluxuryshipboardcnzisedeckbeauty
c) noun + of + nounportvalietystandardssuccessionchanges
areashipparlourhotellife
hotelslandscapeislandscallaccommodation
202
FiII in the apircpriate bcxes witll the wnrds lrcm the lexl related t0 the pnes
in the chart
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
succeed
Care
observe
geographical
entertain
casy
drama
travel
add
eomfort
luxudous
explore
tropic
special
accommodate
delight
predict
managf
float m .m .. .. m sma ..p- ... w
3. Translate intn Enjlish usinq the vncabulary cf the text.
1. Jtn.q aaimoro Hyretuec'rsM Bipl6paHo JICBJITb 3K30muMecKuX /r#J/)/>#/'#H uèoneAuu.2. Mbl 6Ia1.q14 noa Bneqa'rnellHeM Lîaxcamu<auiufeiïo pa3uoo6pa3ux llclj.aapxeii: om ê'flwylfdplzzzzeczftletl K rzltlrtlllzltm y, om mponuqecKoti #f?:
zamoù .llJcvllzzAlerlbzf/c-v K ztlaW t-lpltl-ce#blal Oadhllzlflallf4ll3lt'#cyaKauatv.
3. HeeoMllellHo, qTo caMoe KOMY0pTa6eJlBHOe 11 B TO Re BPeMJI caMtle 11//#mepecnoe u npunm noe nym etuecm 6ue 110 IIHJIOHe3HM - 3TO I1y'I'elIIê4
CTBIIe Ha Tenlloxoae.4. BaM nem pet?#xtlêlrHt/c#llz noab3o6alnbcx caMonerraMll, H K TOMY )140 B:I
He CBJI3aHBI C I'OCTHHHIWMH.5. 9TO TIYTCIIICCTBMC eDIIROM%IIIIJIeHHMILO6, KOTOPLIM HPRBSTCS MOPCKII:IlyTelllecTBllll # prpxzp poèa fl/Al.yff'r/tl#d, KOTOPYIO MOM T N#t#f)2ltl*iucumb TOJIBKO He6oJ1bI1loii K0pa6J1b.
6. BKyc Jllo6oro 6.qioaa Moeflo yayqtuums, eczlll Ic HeMy aoGaszl'rs Iljlx.
Hocerl'l.7. 0Hu ocrraHoBlu Hcla B IIJITH3BC3JEOHHOM OTeJle c npelêptlclllaM t4 .)7tltl#.
cm eavuu.8. Ha BatueM Mec're J1 6bI npeanoHna cnoKoùnym cezlbcxylo -u3Hs.9. MI>l c 'rpyaoM HalllnH K AKy NJ rklla6y, IIT06IaI nepenpaBHTbc# Ha llpyl 43j
Ceper.10. Bce Morno 6b1 3axollqlln cyl uenpeècKaaye-uslMu nocneaclzluMlf.11. O'raslxammlle BblpaaHnll Gllaroaapllocn 6nuMameabnoMy axllpfl,ll4'.f
rlapoxoaa, Ha KoeropoM OHH rlpoBen#l aBe Heaen:l o'rablxa.12. DTOT o'renh o'rnHqae'r oHells eucolzutL Jrt-ezzh yèo6cmc H o6cnyllllîl#ag
HHJI H oco6aa êtmfdlzllfllll anutocsepa.13. B crlone Kpacomsl BaM rlpeano-a'r uenslii pHa paalloo6palzlllalx yellyl14. M I>l He MornH He Bocxum arrbc? counoù aerleabm azllmlliicxHx nyI'(1ll 1$
rlac'r6um.l5. Xopom ee BnaaeHue IcowlrlslorrepoM allarlHTezibzzo nocucum saltln I:lJlll-
clal B rlonyqeulm pa6oersl.16. ltu locrrpaullu IosecTlloro xyaollcuulca cnoco6cmcywm eme 6oJ1I,lIlt'll
HPHBneKaTWSEHOCTH KHMFH.
111. Fcllcw-up Activities* Im agine yourself working at or helping a travel agent's and ctplll.pose an advertisem ent of a tour of your hom e country. Be sun' lemake use of the vocabulary of the text.
204
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Ilead the advedisements delnw and dn the lasks that f0ll0w-
ua% v, qour M aZ
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in the cafes and discover why Barcelona is such an exciting andiazz litan city. During your stay there will bö the ohance to joincosmopoi l excursions, including a city sightsceing toun'rhe great
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with its ever changing mixture of
205
C. Leisure Breaks to California from :469lf you want to experience the real Califomia, then take a United
Vacation. We ofrerjust the right mix of ftm and relaxation. From sun-drenched beaches to colourful Disney characters; lush, green vine-yards to exciting night life in the cities.
So whyjust settle for a holiday to Califonzia, when you can havethe real thing, a United Vacation. Call 01235 824344 for a copy of
our brochure or see yottr local travel agent.IJM TED VACATIONS - UNITED AIRLINESDON'T GO ON HOLIDAY TO AM ERICA, TAKE A VA-
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D. CORSICAThe fragrant island of Corsica is beautiful at any time of year, but
in late M ay and June the iowers are in full bloom and wonderful
country walks are a m ust.Corsica's beauty tnlly knows no bounds.And, with off-peak rates, a holiday there costs less than you'd im-
agine.To experience the beauty of Corsica in May, June, or at any timeof year, ring or write for ottr brochure.
Corsica, thefragrant isle. In season, al1 Kketupzz-(01242)240 310VFB Holidays, Dept OB, Normandy House, High Street, Chel-
tenham, Gloucestershire GL50 3FB
4. cannot afford a very expensive holiiday?5. likes city life?('. has a sense of adventure?7 enjoys swimming and stmbathing?8. likes music?9. enjoys the countryside?l (). likes boats? -
(From ''First Cert#cate Star'' Studentk book by fazlt. /5wf/p4,??lt?4/)
F:r questiens 1-10, thnnse from the advertisement: A-D. Snme ef the adver-tisements may be tlsed mnre lhan cnte-When mnre than nne answer is required,
these ma# de given in any crder.W hich holiday or holidays would you recommend for someone who:
1. likes wild animals?2. likes museums?3. has young children?
206
TH E ETH ICAL TEA CH IN GO F C H RISTIAN ITY
M 12
TIIV qaCreatian cf the oniversetllaet there be light . ..''The Holy Bible, Genesis, 1
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
1. Beading and Ccmprehensicn Tasks
1. The lcllcwing wards are essential fnr understanding and discussing the malqideas cf the text Learn the meaning and prcntlnciaticn nl these wcrds.
Nounscreation (krllel-fn) the act of creating; the tmiverse, world and all livingthingscreature ('kri:tjbz an animal, a living person or being of some kinddescendant (dldsendont) a person who is descended from (thepersonorpersons ntzzncmdome (doum) a rounded roof with a circular base; smth shaped like a domegrain (greln) small, hard seed such as of wheat or rice
Verbsbless gbles) to consecrate; make sacred or holyengulf llnlgztltq to swallow upreproduce Ejri:proldju:sj to produce the young of; to bring forth asoffspringresemble (rllzembl) to look or be likerule ovcr (ru:1) to have and use the highest form of power over (acountly, people, etc.)
Aqectivesdesolate g'desolgt) sad and lonelyIeafy ('li:fI1 covered with leavesraging ('reldslp) full of violent force
208
Read the text careltllly and d0 the tasks that lallpw.
W6* fl o C- #/p( ltls is an extract from the srst book of the O1d Testament called ttGenesis''. 'l1ye I1uI!It!'( iellesis' means torigin'. 'f'he book tells us about the creation of the univcrsc and tlle t'l'l -
ftlll ()f mankind.
1 In the beginning, when God created tlze ù i/. .2/.,Ei '''--'k't!!,ki ,tr jyj- 2.',,à 1.Illliverse, the earth was fonnless and desolate. . '. ?, I
' '' '!' p ) I .$ l)e raging ocean that covered everything was , ,. y; jyk q.;.b);i .,.: ,,ellgulfed in total darkness, and the spirit of Godwas moving over the water. Then God com- j, Lh, ïitjj.: . , - L . ;. j.jj j, jjyy,,.. . . , .jllanded, Kttaet there be light'' - and the light ap- f, ./, ;.s,. (yjjj
y yyjj. ' ! ' ' '..k/ Ei! i!-t'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''d
: li Epeared. God was pleased with what he saw. ' y t' g'I'hen he separated the light from the darkness, ''; ,,kynd he named the light çr ay'' and the darkness ''' ' ' '
''Night'' Evening passed and morning came -lllat was the frst day.
2 Then God commanded, ttet there be adome to divide the water and keep it in two separate places'' - and it wasdone. So God made a dome, and it separated the water under it from the wa-
it. He dome ttsky'' Evening passed and moming cameter abovethat was the second day.3 Then God commanded, ttet the water below the sky come together inone place, so that the land will appear'' - and it was done. He named the lal1llçtEarth'' and the water which had come together he named ttSea''. And G()dwas pleased with what he saw. Then he commanded, çtet the earth prodtlceall kinds of plants, those that bear grain and those that bear fruit'' - and it wllsdone. So the earth produced a11 kinds of plants, and God was pleased willlwhat he saw. Evening passed and moming came - that was the third day.
4 Then God commanded, <<taet lights appear in the sky to separatc (ll,yfrom night and to show the time when days, years, and seasons begin.' tl,#,:will shine in the sky to give the light to the earth'' - and it was done. S(1 f Iiptlmade the two larger lights, the sun to nzle over the day and the mool) tl, f 111,.over the night; he also made the stars. He placed the lights in the sky t(, Nlpilleon the earth, to rule over the day and the night, to separate light f-ronl $$tI1 kness. And God was pleased with what he saw. Evening passed and 4n6,1 llIIlp
came - that was the fourth day.5 Then God commanded, ttet the water be flled with many killlt: t1f Ii ting beings, and let the air be flled with birds.'' So God created tlle glpftl nol'monsters, al1 kinds of creatures that live in the water and all kitltl: i,f t!tI$l4
nam ed the
209
WAnd God was pleased witb what l)4saw. He blessed them a1l and told fl1tcreatures that live in the water to re.produce, and to lill the sea, and l):told the birds to increase in numhetEvening passed and m om ing came ''that was the fifth day.
6 Then God commanded, ççLetthe earth produce a11 kinds of animallife: domestic and wild, large antlsmall'' - and it was done. So Godmade al1 and he was pleasctlthemwith what he saw.
7 Then God said, xW nd now we will make human beings: they will bclike us and resemble us. They will have power over the ûsh, the birds, an1al1 animals, domestic and wild, large and small.'' So God created human bc-ings, making them to be like himself. He created them male and femalc,blessed them and said, ttl-lave many ehildren so that your descendants will
!live a11 over the earth and bring it tmder thelr control. I nm putting you incharge of the fish, the birds, and al1 the wild animals. l have provided a1lkinds of grain and all kinds of frtzit for you to eat, but for all the wild animalsand a11 the birds l have provided grass and leafy plants for food'' - and it wasdone. God looked at everything he had made, and he was very pleased.Evening passed and morning came - that was the sixth day.
8 And so the whole universe was completed. By the seventh day God fin-ished what he had been doing and stopped working. He blessed the seventhday and set it apart as a special day, because by that day he had completed hiscreation and stopped working. And that is how the tmiverse was created.
(From ''GoodNews Bible. Today !ç English Version. '' -N J: Collins Bible, 1982. Genesis 1, 2.)
lI. Text Features and Interpretatinn nf Meaninq
W. Evaluating the 5'tp/e ofthe Text
RepetitionFoz/ have noticeé ofcourse, that nearly alI theparagraphs ofthe text
begin and end in the same wtz-v. They open with the sentence 'Then Godcommanded ... '' and close with 'Xvening passed and morning came -
2 10
//ltz/ wtu the jrst (second, etc) day ''. Thus, each of the paragraphs ist'nclosed in aframe ofalmost identical sentences, delimiting the stagest?/'cz-cw//tpa and making it easy to trace theprogression ofideas.
Ft??,/ can/nd repetitions within theparagraphs:e.g. And God waspleased with what he J'tnftThere are also sentences identical or similar in their syntactical
structure, which are repeated throughout the /e.x/Je.g. 1. ''Let there be Iight'' - and the Iight appeared
2. ''Let there be a dome ... '' - and it wtzx done.Repetition is a stylistic device which Jlctp.ç to create a peculiar
rhythm ofthe biblical /cx/, close to that ofpoetic speech (Note thatpara-graphs ofthe biblical text are traditionally called 'verses ). Repetitionscontribute to creating an elevated .ç/y/e ofnarration and its specsc ex-pressivity.
* Find m ore examples in the text to illustrate the given stylistic de-
vice.- Which sentence is repeated throughout paragraphs 1,3,4,5,6,7?- Pick out instances of syntactically identical or similar sentences in
paragraphs 3,4,6,7.
S. Interpretation ofMeaning1. Read the ccmmentary given belnw tn get a mcre prcfeund understanding nf the
hiblical messaçe. Befcre reading the ccmmentary check ynur knnwledge cf these
scientific and religinus terms.
density (ldensotl) nzloTuoc'rbspecies (lspi:fi:zl +1 unchangedl BMa, ocoGlaprotozoa (lproutolzouol +0 (aooa.j npocTeiittluemammals (lmœmolz) (p/l Mnexonu-rammHeprimeval matter (prallmi:vol lmatgj rlpaxfaTepuxMamepuajsolid substance ('solld lsabstons) Tsepaoe semec-rsoray energy ('rel 'enodsll Jlyqesas aueprlusupercondensed gIsju:pokonldenstj csepxcuca-rbl;righteousness ('raltj-osnos) upaseimocaprophecy L'profoslq upopoqec-rsotheologian g,oloiloudsonl Gorocnos
(nep6onaqanbnan
Time, Day .
God created this world, having called it out of non-existence into temrary being. Thus God's idea of the world became realized in concrete ti -
and space.The material world was made by God in 6 creative days, or periods.notion of Iday' or Itime' is relative for the Creator, for there is no differenfor Him I<between one day and a thousand years; to Him the tw'o aresam e''
. (2 Peter 3,8). So the word tday' in the Bible should be tmderstood
an indefnite period of time which actually might have lasted thousand:years and longer. :
# .
Prima M ateria
God's first creative act was making the original matter (prima materi.A11 the visible forms of existence were made from this original matter. In tbook of Genesis it is referred to as 'water ', which shows its instability, nlybility and lack of density. The Spirit of God, moving over this primeval m4Ater, prepared it for further creative acts of God.
/
'
'r .
The O ig Bang'' T/le/r.p
Modem science has changed its views on the origin of the Univetëi the theory of the big explosion appeared. It maintains that 20 millitlrls nce
years ago a11 the universe was in a supercondensed, plasmatic, collapsi:lstate. A1l its substance was like one dot, which existed regardless of timc ll:é .
space and consisted of elementary particles. For some unknown reason th: toriginal nucleus exploded with a dazzling qash, turning into a ball of flfq fl
..which began to expand with an incredible speed. The density of the matt4twithin the ball was 1094 grams per 1 sm3, and its temperatare was 1033 (+grees. Whilst expanding rapidly, the matter was losing its density and cool.ing down. Interacting with each other, the elementary particles began $êform atoms, molecules, and then stars and planets. The particles, which wefdnot transformed into solid substance, remained in the universe in the fonn efray energy. So tlight' is the photons and neutrino of ray energy; lçdarkness'' ..lçseparated from light'' is the nuclear partiçles of solid matter.
Some scientists believe that our universe is still expanding, embracinjlarger and larger spaces.Thus, the ttbig bang'' theory is one hypothesis which may help to dlj.close a little the mystery of creation and bring explanation of the supenmtq.ra1 nearer to Our Comprehension.
2 ,
Darwin !ç Theor.v is Shaken
'I'I1e creation of a live soul, which wasn't present in the primeval nlattrl.h'Ils ( lod's second act. The origin of dilerent species is a mystery to us. I'er-llfflks, there acttzally was an evolution by the Creator's Will, but it didn't takeIlllllitms of years and ended when the species becam e stable. The main argu-lIp''I1t against Darwin's theory of evolution is that paleontologists have neveri#lrktxovered any intermediate species in birds or anim als.
l'Fe are Beautiful Blossoms, God.s- Beloved CreatitmBy the sixth day the world of live creatures created by (JtxI was like a
Stltf and graceful tree, with protozoa as its root and mammllls 1ls i$s tllpi)d klltches. But this tree didn't have a blossom to crown and dectlrlyte itfllc k ing of nature hasn't been created yet. ttAnd now we will mllk'c Iltllllitly
l lt ' l l t j; s . . . ''
Our World is Ntv Forever'I-his is testifed by the prophecies that we can 8nd in the New 1-eNllll, pt.'llt '
'' I 'Ilcre will be a day, when the sun will grow dark, the stars wil l 11111 Ii l ', I lltls:kven'' (Matthew 24,29),, Eithe heaven will disappear with a shrjlj 1)(1iNt-1111$1 the earth with everything irt it will vanish'' (2 Peter 3,10); 4<the llcllvt-tllyIfi'tlies will be melted by the heat'' (2 Peter 3, 12), Z'for the heavens ltlltl tlkt'(-111 tl' that now exist will be destzoyed by lire'' (2 Peter 3,7). So our lilè is# ,i6 Illltpl'e than tça puff of smoke that appears for a naonlent and then distllpjpttlll q''1 liltlles 4,14). But then, as God has yromised, there will be ttnew hcavclls k11I#1;$ lhttw earth, where righteousness w1ll be at honae'' (2 Peter 3,13).
Give extensive answers tn the fnllnwing qtlestinns:
What is the actual meaningof the words:what he saw''? Was the world made perfectf I1e word ttcosmos'' in Greek means tperfect'order'. W hat were the feamres of this perfect harmony?In what way was the fifth day of creation diFerent from the previous $1IyeN'?în what way was man diflkrent from other living beings?
What were God's gifts to man?What were man's specially appointed responsibilities on the Earth? Wlltlttlo you think of a theological postulate, w hich maintains that man wa:called by the Creator's will from non-existence into existence to be glxl (911
the Earth?
and God was pleastuiand harmonious? (Nolc lltltfarrangement' Ebeanty' fII,#l
213
3. ln the text ahcve find the sentences, which cnrrespnnd tn the nnes taken frt:the nussian versicn cf the Bihle.
1. 3eM.u ee Gslna Geasoiwa u nyca'a, M TsMa Haa GeaaHolo, H ;yx Bo)I(1$juocuncx uaa Boaolo.
2. 11 yBm ezl Bor cse'r, vlw ou xopotu, 14 o'raenHn Bor cBe'r o'r TBMIC.3. 11 cltaaaa Eor: aa 6yae'r Tsepas nocpeau Boasl, H aa o'raenyle'r oHa Bozlyo'r Boabl.
4. Z CKMM B0r: aa IIPOH3PRCTMT 3CMJIS 3CJICHI>, TPZBY,aepeBo rmoaosuToe.5 11 co3aazl Bor aBa cBerrlua BenHKMe: CBCTHJIO 6OJIbl1IOe,AHWM, H CBeTHJIO Mellblllee, JIJIJI YIIPaBJICHHS Htmbioy
6. H cxmaaa sor: aa npouaseae'r 3eM.ag ayttly llcuByloraaos. lf ca'aao 'rax.7. 11 G arocnosun Hx Bof; rosopl: rlzloallTecb H paw llo-aiTecb, :HZTIOZHO Te BO;m B MOPSXN M FITHNM J!a PMMHORKAIOTCS Ha 3eMJle.
8. 11 cKaaazl Eor: aa npouaseae'r Boaa npecMslicaiomuxcx, aytuy llcllBylo', gn'rlmbl qa nozlew 'r uaa xMneio, no TBepim HeGecuoi.
9. P1 cKaaazl Bor: co'rsopuxf uenosexa no o6paay HallleMy.. . . 11 COTBOPMIIBor neaosexa no o6paay no o6paay Bolxulo co-rsopMzl ero,
Cemmylo ceslx. d
JIJ.IS yllpalmellll:H 3Be3abI.
Tl0 Poily ee; CKOTOB jl
cBoeMy,Mpxqlluy u lxeumuuy coTsopun Mx.
10. l'1 ysm ezl Eor sce, uw oll coaaaa, u so'r, xopotuo secbMa.l 1. 11 Gnaroczlosun Eor ceasMo; aeus, H ocsrH.q ero, H60 s ozlsl; aezlb
rloqll.rl o'r Bcex aen Csoux, xorropsle Bor Tsopuzl u coauaaa.12. 1'1 tharocnosun ux Bor If cxaaarl UM Eor: luoaplrrecb H paw zlo-aiiTecb
14 HZFIOJIHS;TC 3eMJ1I* H O6naaai're eio H BllaâlbltlecTByii'fd Haa PbI6aMHMOPCKHMH, H Haa IITHIOMH He6ecHbIMH, H HaA BCSKHM JKHBOTHIWM.
4. Lnnk hack at the text anu try ln restnre the successinn cl cnd's creative acts:
5- Say whith tg the allernasves in each pair nf the sentences belcw is true.a. God provided all kinds of grain and fruit for the people to eat.b. God provided the birds, nsh and all animals for the people to eat.
a. He created human beings male and female and told them not to be to-
gether and remain childless.
111. Lankuage Fncus
lleinforcing Vocabulary1. Find pairs nf synnnyms in the hcx helcw.
dominate engulf lonely multiply stonny rule llvel'reproduce cover desolate raging
2. Translate these sentences into Enjlish using 1he vncahulary cf the text.
1 . Fbpoa Bclcope c'ra.rl noxo- Ha Boellllblii Jlarepb.2. M Bl cMoerpezm B oxllo Barolla Ha nycmunnbtù Ileii3ae, f'Ollble zlktlAt'nnll 11
KaMCHHCTyIO IIOIIBJL3. ILITOPM syu4eqtul HeCKOJIbKO imeii.4. DTa KapTllfla - mGopel4ue 60JIbl1l0r0 MacTepa.5. OHa rlpelçpactloe ctnèanue, Oqellb ;I06PaS H OT3LIBHMBD .6. Y Hero B nocneallee BPCMS MHOFO #TWJIz/llIz.Y HeFIPHJITHOCTQfi.7. DTa Tltalxb ukeem cm tlcvldtl c XJIOIIKOM, H0 XJIonoI( HaMH0rO l!11(#II#lOe8. I13necTH0, HTO KOPOJIL VaPJlL3 l ynpa6Paîa Allrllêleii B Tetlelllle l I Ile I
6e3 rlalMaMellera.9. l'lpopa6oTaB ycnelllllo 2 roaa, OH #ljIJl nocmaaacu #tl aace uezltlli 4 t l 11
MaraalfHoB.l 0. OH omqeqrt 3a IIPHIYTOBJIeHHJI x npaaalllllty
IV. FplInw-Up Actlvities* Get ready to discuss these problem s in class:
- the temporaly character of our existence.
2 1 5
1?. blessed them and told them to have l'nltny t'lll ld 11 frf 1a. God commanded that the descendants oI- tlltt l', t:l jlet ##fl.(, qltfypjpll :iq t ##)
one place.b. It was God's will that their descendants shtltllil I tke tlll tt twf' Il.i. sA4 4#.t
and bring it tmder their control.a. The Creator did not intend to leave the animals i,1 Ip(-( 'jllc 'a ,.a1eb. The Creator put the people in charge of the anilll:îls.
a. God continued His work on the seventh day.b. He had stopped working by the seventh day and blessrtt ,1
- parallels that can be drawn between the biblical Story of Creatioll lll:the big explosion theory.
- god's expectations and the way man has justifed them. The actual f.dlations between the people and the animal world today.
* Choose one of the points above to write a com position.
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Read the texl below and lhen detide which wnrd besl fils each space. Pul $11Ietter yntl chqcse fnr eath queslion in the ccrrect ja; nn your answer sheetldjexercise bejlns wilh an example (0).
Example: t) A
H*y Jf in d'f/a:any species of animals and plants have disappeared from the cartk.They have died out or become (0) . But sometimes animals ep
plant (1) ... can be found buried in rocks. These are called fossils. lmprintj 1:rocks (2) (... prints, for example) are also called fossils.Mot every creature (3) ... as a fossil. Many simply rot away completely 11111
leave no (4) ... of their existence. Because many creatures and plants havc d#1appeared without leaving any fossils, we will never krlow anything about thelh
The shtdy of fossils, or palaeontology, to give it its scientifc (5) . . . b4vcnme established at the beginning of the nineteenth cenmly Before this r4vsearch began, people did not believe that fossils bad once been (6) . . . . Larjtfossil teeth were seen as evidence of a race of giants in the past, while Illil.monites, a very (7) ... type of fossil which you might easily flnd yottrself (1ha beach or among rocks, were called snakestoues because of their snakc-likj(8) . .. . People believed that snakes had been (9) ... to stone by a miracle.
The most famous fossils of a1l are the dinosalzrs. There are, of course' 1*dinosaurs on (10) ... in zoos. They were not (1 1) ... to extinction hy hulllalljas some animals have been, but became extinct millions of years beforc otlfown species developed. The reason why the dinosaurs became extinct is slllla mystely Many theories have (12) ... the disappearance of dinosaurs wishmajor (13) ... change.One possibility is that a gigantic meteorite crashed into the earth ( l 4) ,.iso much dust into the atmosphere that the (15) of sunlight was redureéThe temperature would have fallen and, as a consequence, many types utplants and anim als would have become extinct.
(From ''Cambridge Advanced Englisb '')
tlll11II Ella The Temptatinn and Fall nf Man
1 A extinct.' A bones$ A toe,1 A lasts'à . A mark-sf). A nam e/ A alive8 A comnlon') A typel (1. A transforml l A exhibitionl ,' A htmtedl 4. A conaectedI .1 A clim aticI h . A disturbingl tb A heat
B extinguishedB evidenceB pawB smwivesB proofB termB physicalB usualB mannerB madeB appearanceB broughtB joinedB temporalB displacingB am ount
C remoleC pansC palmC contintlesC remnantsC descriptionC livingC normalC shapeC alterC sightC chasedC explainedC weatherC puttingC degree
çtln the sweat of your face you shllll eltl l,I fqllljtill you ret'um to the ground, for otlf tl 1' it yi I4iwere taken . . .''
The Holy Bible, (,'t'llta'/.,'. f / f?
LESSON A. INTENSIVE READING
1. qeading and Cnmprehensian Tasks
The fallowing wpl'ds are essenlial fcr tlnderslanding and disctlssinj lhe Itt:lnideas mf the text. Learn the meaning and prcnunciaticn cI these wards.
Nouu sbeast (bilst) a folzr-footed animalbelly g'belll the part of the thttmanl body between the chest ant! tllp Ifhg:cherubim E'tferoblm) bibl. one of the second highest order ()1' allgel:conception (konlsepfnl becoming pregnantenmkty ('enmltl) condition of being an enemy', hatredflesh gflejl soft substance, esp. muscle, between the skin antl bt/ltf':herb Lhs:b) low-growing, soft-stemmed plant (ojten used in lllt,(//# (tkvorfo z'-//twtpz/rfng-/-tat)mnostvil ('nnstrll) either of the two openings at the end of thc 11$,:4.
rib (rlb'j one of the tkvelve pairs of bones in the chest of a man or :1l1ll!li1lseed gsi:d) the pal4 of some plants that may grow into a new plalllserpent g's3lpont) a snakesweat (swet) liquid which comes out from the body to the skin to t?t'4,1 ittemptation gtemplteljh) smth that attracts or temptsthistle El0Isl1 a wlld plant with prickly leaves and usually purple fllpwt'l :thorn (0o:n) a bush, plant or tree having shaz'p pricklestunic g'tju:nlk) a loose armless garmentW rbsbruise gbru:z) to injure by a blow or knock to the bodyguard ggc:d) to defend; keep safemultiply (lmaltlplalq to increase in number by procreationsew (sou) to work with a needle and threadtill (tI1) to cultivate (land)toil (tolll work long and hard
Adjectivesashamed goïelmdj feeling shame or guiltcomparable g'komparobl) that can be comparedcunning (lkzNnlpl having clevezness in deceiving', cleverflaming ('flelmlpj buming brightly; brights' strongnaked (nelkldj (ofaperson 1ç bodyj not covered by clothes
2- Read the text carefully and do the tasks that lnllnw.
1 S And the Lord God said, Etlt is v$.).''s ' *-Q..., %ï ' t'-e' D ' - t - .'z- q.#q.' t :'éj17 F' .j . * '.ii : ' 16''%'.e!k $7 ' . 'V. ?F.'!
tu .. ' lsj , jjy. , jk. , j.. ,.../jjjrg.$, : . j 1 y ( s;'l4 /1 ë',#)od that man should be alone; l % . ./r .x, , .(kLï/. z,z,-. . . . :r , . ktk , . .
' '. l l I I nake him a helper comparable t.: / v' ' .7) ..y yj,j j . f,... yy . 'y..y . al l 1' l 14 ')L . '' '' .
'661..- ki)r'- '' ti fikl '$ikk, :
'.' ; .t.ri(; ' . . . ,: i; . ; . - .
/ ( ? . !jkt;k --ï(),,)t. i '. hs...)'' t f#.'' 4rré'('? .:#pa. ' ' - /r .t
l Out of the grotmd the Lord )L; 'k s,- .,z. ,,, ' l
t .4 '4 I fonned evely beast of the lield -0--41'. 'hl''# q ' . :J
.'t#-- , . 1.'-
.,.: ' '
,. ' ' -
i. .
. . ..., ;j;: :!j
,,?qjjyy;' . . : . (jy ... . :: ,
,''lt l every bird of the air, and k. ,; 'k. ,r y r, , . , .t
I àl ( ,1 Ight them to Adam to see what c'h j ,1. .,'! L;skj.fn', ' ..j :) ' '.t11.' would call them. And whatever Y , '' .7 . , :t'>> 1) .. ' N.(
,) ', (c ) w . , ,
A d !; h ln called each living creature, '' ','')).yJ' ( '.'' 'jt t -t. --L è': - ' '.i .'.' -s)r i 7 .,' ,j) . + , . ' ..1 l 1. 1 1 waS its nanle. k .. p t.' L' . . '
''rij.'. j ' :? y. :' 1 ' .2 . '' * ' . ..'2t' So Adam gave names to all / ' ' - ' -.uu...,'*-'' '- > ; ' ' u-'
. .,1 $ Ie, to the birds of the air and to' ï't'l y beast of the lield. But for A dam there was not fotmd a helpel' t'. ,1l,j,;1I id
1,1(- 1() lzizzl.71 And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam, :,11(1 Ijt' '.li 1 ,1'f'tI I le took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place.72 Then the rib which the Lord God had taken from man 1.le lllrttlc' fttfç , 1,
.vt'lnan, and He brought her to the m an.23 And Adam said: çt-rhis is now bone of my bones and flesh of' çltv tI, )I.
''
Ikt' shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of M an.''04 Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and be J'tlilyt'ts ï' I I'I .
.,. ,It?, and they shall become one flesh.25 And they were b0th naked, the man and his wife, and were n()1 :kl,t1;$I ' i. .$
T% A /SJMIN=# in 4/2, ûarèn
7 And the Lord God fonned man of the dust of the ground and breltllll'glinto his nostrils the breath of life; and man beeame a living belng.
8 The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there He pllt tllc
man whom He had formed.9 And out of the ground the Lord God made evel'y tree grow tl1l1f $!!pleasant to the sight and good fbr food. The tree of life was also in the 11l1(t'l$of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
15 Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of E(lk'Il t,!
tend and keep it.16 And the Lord God eom manded the man saying, G%()f every tree t)l llàr
garden y0u may17 vtbut of the
for in the day that you
freely eati''tree of theknowledge of good and evil you shall nt't ('Itt,eat of it you shall surely die.''
! Now the serpent was moretlif' Isord God had made. And he'i'()t! shall not eat of every tree2 And the woman said to the
i ' f l 1de garden',J 'tbut of the
ctmning than anysaid to the woman,f the garden'?' ''oserpent, çtsv'e may eat the fruit ot' tII(' f I i', .,
lntllts t ()l- tlltl li t-ltl ï$ 1,1. 1j4:1-1 Jts ((;t)(l illtlt-tul ..w',.l
fnlit of the tree which is in the midst of the gardell, ( i. ,( l 1'., ,1I(f, 'You shall not eat of it, nor shall you touch it, lest you die.' ''
.
i Then the serpent saîd to the woman, tçYbu will not surely die.For God knows that în tlae day you eat of it yotlr eyes will be ('j,t',.c,I
'',ïI you will be like God, know ing good and evil.''t' so when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, tllkhl 11
f 'ld'.tsant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she ttllkk t ,1 1111 îlkt ttnd ate. She also gave to her husband with her, and he ate.
the tree of which 1 eommanded12 Then the man said, ::TI1c
ave me of the tree, and I ate.''g 13 A
nd the Lord God said to the woman, l%What is this you have (i()l1i''.'The woman said, çt-f'he sepent deceived me, and I ate.''
14 So the Lord God said to the serpent: ''Because you have dont' i1.I:you are cursed more than a11 cattle and than evel'y beast of the :eld; ol1 vl ''i'belly you shall go and you shall eat dust a11 the days of your life.
15 And 1 will put enmity between you and the woman and betweell y' ,IIdl .seed and her Seed; He shall bnlise your head and you shall bruise His 1,t ' l
1 6 To the woman He said, iûl will greatly muhiply your sorrow il' y' ,41,conception', in pain you shall bring forth children; your desire shall 1,f' 1',4
your husband, and he shall nzle over yotz.''17 Then to Adam He said, ûiBecause you have heeded the voice ('I vi,s'gwife, and have eaten from the tree of which 1 commanded you, saying, ' 'ï 6 ,!'shall not eat of it'; cursed is the grotmd for your sake; in toll you shail ('.11 .'f
it a11 the days of your life.''18 80th thonu and thistles it shall bring fol4h for you. And you sll:tlj
the herb of the feld.19 ln the sweat of your face you shall eat bread till you rettmz to the gld ,1#11'1for out of it you were taken; for dust you are, and to dust you shall returll.''
20 And Adam called his wife's name Eve, because she was the m()llI('I ',I
a1l living.21 Also for Adam and his wife the Lord God made tunics of sk it1 '4ti.l
clothed them .22 The Lord God said, ûçBehold, the man has become like one ol' l 1'..know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take alst' ('t Il4w
tree of life, and eat, and live foreven''
7 Then the eyes of both of thenl w. ),opened, and they knew that they welc 14,1ked; and they sewed fig leaves togt'llsefand made themselves coverings.
S And they heard the sotmd (,f tl',Lord God walking in the gartlen iIp l9p:cool of the day and Adam and his h$/ll:hid themselves from the presence f ,1 ll'nLord God among the trees of the gltl tlk ,4
9 Then the Lord God called to A(tI,l#'and said to him ttW here are you?''
ê t% . .1 0 So he sald, 1 heard Your vldik r lI!the garden, and 1 was afraid bectlll?.t' 1was naked; and 1 hid myself.''
i 1 And He said, t<Who told ytyll tllltlyou were nalted? Have you eatmt 11 t'I,!
you that you should not eat?''woman whom You gave to be with mt', .'9$e
'
' ' therejbre the Lord God sent him out of the garden of Edt'. . td ' f ' l l ' ' '
'', î 'llàld from which he was taken..
!'1 So He drove out the man; and He placed a chertzbim at thf ' 1-,' l ' .1 ' 1 '. !! f pcn of Eden, and a flaming sword which tttnled every way, tt ' )' '.'.1 ' ' i l ''
.1 5, Cin the tree of life.(From ''The Holy Bible ''. New A-fpg Jam. '.ï l ' ' ' î' ' ' '
Thomas Nelson Publishe6 1 982. t 2 ''1' ''' ' ' '' ' '
.
$ ltnswer the fnllnwinj kuesticns using quctaticns cr relerence Irpm the ltrxl
i !ow 'was man formed? W here did God put him?What were the two trees which were put by God in the rpitlst lt t l ''
f larden of Eden?What was the role of man in the Garden?rlid God give names to animals Himself or entrust Adam w ill, t l 1' l ' ly loes this suggest that Adam had a powerful mind?h low can you prove that Adam was the most perfect of al1 crcC'l I .1 'i.) the Garden of Eden and that none of them could compart.t w lf li 1' '' ' '1 Iow was Eve made? Which quotation suggests thatAdam pi'l #'d , ' '- ' l '
J)s part of himselt''?Wàs it arranged by God that man should be devoted to his wl It' t''' '' '
!4.) anyone else?# 1ow did the serpent trick Eve into eating the forbidden fz'g i6'''( .',ould Adam and Eve bear the presence of God after their IJ'll' 'k )id Adam behave like a coward? W ho did he try to put thc l 'i;!', ''! low did God punish the serpent, Adam and Eve? W hat att l .'' ltention in the way He formulated His punishment for Eve'?What could Adam and Eve have done to live forever? W b:Il ' 1I' l '
(() prevent that?
11 fcxt Featutes and lnlerprelatlpn pf Meaning
1 t 'omparing Versions oflhe Bible
1è/?? have read an cx/rtzc//m??o the New King James F'cr-çjoz l ' '/ ' /!-?''//?/f?, which is a slightly modernizedversion ofthe King Jazzlt '. ' ' d-/? t lnslation of l 611. This version has preselwed its zatz-/tzs'/ # ' ' '/ ' ' -////, qualit.
v ofbeing a precise translationfrom the origintll 1' '?'f -' '-if/pï' Bible. Some versions, such as, for instance, the Gfptp: I A'' ' ' - 1( /IWJ.
)J j' English Version) present the biblical content tlll: / /'', ' ', 'i't'ryday English.
221
* Let IIS n()W Collcentrate tm O m e langllage difference: between '
tW@ Versions. '
1. Wotd Ch0k8 1
Trl and cnmpare the chnice nf wcrds in the twc Mersicns. Read the sentelwhlch are laken frnm Tnday's English Versinn an1 find their eqllivalenls 1:lexl whith #nlI have read-There are at Ieast 9 diierences in the chnice d WIand phrases. Fill them inlp lhe tharl belnw.
1. Then the Lord God placed the man in the Garden of Eden to cultivate
d it .guar .2. Then the Lord God said, tçlt is not good for the man to live alone. I -
make a suitable companion to help him .:
/ '3. She replied, t'I'he snake tricked me into eating it.''4. tt1 will make you and the woman hate each othen'' .5. tll-ler offspring and yours will be enemies.-.'' (6. :tI'1l increase your trouble in pregnancy and yotlr pain in giving birth,spite of this you will still have desire for youz husband, yet you will '
subject to him.''7. And he said to the man: ççàrou listened to your wife and ate the fruit, w -
I told you not to eat.. .'' .8. Then the Lord God said: uNow the man has become like one of us and
,, ) 1.knowledge of what is good and what is bad.
Today % English Version King James Version ,
1 . Cultivate and guard tend and keep '..
2.3.4.5.6.7.g
'
9.!
2. Syplar Inversian:
In some sentences of the Acw King James Bible wc come across l&.version - a stylistic device which contributes to the expressiveness .the text. .
J222 !
In the chart helcw there are sentences taken frcm Tcday's English Versicn cf TheBihle. Fill in their equivalents frnm the King James Versinn and cnmqare thestructure 0f sentences in the twn versinns. Pick nut inslances nf inverslnn. Sa#which pad cl the sentence (cbject etc-) is placed befc?e the stlàject.* Note that the modal verb 'shall ' in the New King James Version is usedto express threat.
Todayb English Version King James Wrsion
l . I Ie made all kinds of beautiful trees grow there. . .,!. You may eat fnlit of any tree in the garden. . .4. I Ie formed a woman out of the rib . . .,l. You must not eat the fruit of that tree ...5. You will crawl on your belly. . .f1, I will increasc ... your pain in giving birth ...'l. 'I'he ground will be under a curse . . .8. You will have to work hard a11 your life . . . and sweat toI'lake the soil produce anything.9. You were made from soil, and you will become soilagain.
It. Interpretation ofMeaningRead the cnmmentary helnw and try tn krasp the main ideas and concepts nf thebihlical text ptl have read.Befnre readinj the cnmmentary checkynur knnwledçenf lhe fnllnwlng wnrds:
apostasy Eo'postaslq (n) Goroo-rcvnuHqec-rso;brutal ('bru:tol) (adj) lxecToxllii;evasive (I'velslv! (adj) ylcloilqHBbzii',indulgence (Inldaldsonsl (n) yrowwlme, norrsopcTsosalme;intrude glnltru:d) upon (v) B'roprancs;strive (stralvq (v) c'rpeMu-acx',surpass (solpcrsq (v) rlpesocxoimn;trial (ltralol) (n) Ilcrlbl-raHyle.
What is 0ur Nature Like?
l'lltls man is made in the image of God. His body, like the bodies of animals,is ltlade from soil or dust of the ground, but his spiritual nattzre is breathedillll, him bï God. It's man's soul that contains in itself the image of his Crea-14,1'. God's lmage is in the qualities ofour soul - in ou.r spirituality, intellect,ltlients and feelings. The two main qualities that make our nature like God's
223
<1;
are creative capacities and afree will. 0ttr likeness to Him is in a possibtlt ' 'of becoming perfect like Him. He says to people, <<Y'ou shall be perfect -Jas your Father in heaven is perfect'' (Matthew, 5:48).
The Firsê People !
Adam and Eve were made perfect and sinless. Their physical and me:abilities by far surpassed our today's capacities. Their mind was acute, ti 'nature was pure, their bodies were immortal. God came to them in tlle ç-of the day and talked to them. This was the frst, perfect religion ofkind - a live, immediate contact of people wit.h God, a moral union of 0and m an.
IF/J.# was That Fatal Tree Put into the Garden ofEden? .The tree of the knowledge of good and evil was chosen by God as a tflfor Adam and Eve. lt was placed there for the Erst people to Jeaz.obey God. '
Their disobedience was the greatest disaster in the history of mankin;people broke God's commandment for the flrst time. The forbiddengave them the knowledge of evil and their nature altered. Coming to AdGod says: ç%W here are you?'', giving him a chance to confess his fall op
' 2.heartedly, but Adam gives an evasive answer trying to put the blame onwife (çtshe gave me of the tree and l ate'') and even on God himself (''woman You gave me'3. Eve also tries to justify herself (ttrf'he serpentceived me and I ate''). So God's judgement was pronounced. '
How Bad was ThatforAll ofus? '
n ere's no point in mocking the insigniâcance of ou.r forefathers' crime,first sight their deed doesn't seem very severe. However, a closer exami-tion will reveal what immeasurable depths of evil there are in it. This drevealed their pride (çtyou will be like God''), lack offaith in God, laekregard for Him, ingratitude and envy. They are guilty of stealing, Jl#z 'Cyou shall sttrely die'') and even murder, because by their deed they m !a11 their descendants, all mankind subject to death. j
Thus, Adam was the gate by which sin came into the world, destrûylits harmony. Sin came into our genes, blinging disease and death. Mbeasts started to disobey man, and became fearful and dangerous for -because he ceased to be the kind keeper and guard of the earth and becasellish and brutal conqueror. ç%A1l of creation groans with pain, like the pof childbirth'' because of man's corruption (Roman 8:22). This unna
224
Say which nf the alternativeG are hetter answers tn the fcllowing qtlestipns. Givereasnns fnr ynur thnice.What kind of death was meant by God when He said to Adam and Eve:'*. .. for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die''? (2:17)a. physical death;b. spirittzal death.
qtltte is hard for the animals as well as for a11 the natm al world and they aret'agerly waiting for the people to com e to their senses.
Is Freedom ofthe HW/ a Hard G#iPl Iltving created man free, i.e. capable of realising his free will and being mas-ter of himself, God doesn't want to intnlde upon his freedom. M an is free tollttcept or reject Him. God looks upon man as an individual, not as a puppett1,l a string, and respects his diynity. He teats man like His greatest value, forttlan is the only one in a11 creatlon that has God's spirit breathed into him.However, freedom of the will is a yift, which is dangerous and hard to
(lcal with. lt implies a 1ot of responsibillty. n e New Testament has it, ttYouwere called for freedom, only do not exercise yolzr freedom for ieshly indul-gcllce'' (Ga1at.5:13). But otlr world is striving for the evil more than for theg(,()d. Saint Fyodor Studit compares ottr world in its wildness and apostasyl#) :t horse, which is galloping desperately, not knowing where to go or whatt4' do, because the rider is dnlnk. It's the image of mankind that is madetlnlnk by sin, having used its freedom %as a cover for evil'' (1 Peter, 2:16).
However sinf'ul man is, God doesn't t'tlrn away from him. A new Adam,Jcsus Christ, comes into the history of mankind to redeem people's sins andqllve them from spiritual death and slavery to sin.
Why couldn't God let people live on the Earth forever after their fall?
(3:22)a. if peolle lived forever they would become weary of life;b. if people lived forever their sins would become lmlimited and sophis-ticated.
Why was Adam more afraid of God's ptmishment than Eve?a. because he was more cowardly than Eve;b. because he was cleverer and realized better how great their fault was.
W hy didn't Adam confess his fault and ask God to forgive him?a. he was too proud to do it;b. was afraid that Eve wouldn't be forgiven as her fault was greater andGod would send her out of the Garden of Eden, so he decided to sharethe ptmishm ent with her.
225
3. a) Ncte the meaning cf the fnllnwing metaphnrs. '1' ! )çher seed' (Andlwillput enmity betweenyou and the woman DV ' t(3:15)betweenyour seedandher Seed ...) means: the woman's seed is Jesus Chritt
who will be born by a woman, who will light the serpent (the devil) and pr..vail over him . t(3:21) ttunics of slkin' - Koxanble ptlab; (Alsofor Adam and his w4Jë
the Lord Godmade tunics ofskin and clothed them). The metaphor may bë jintepreted in the following way: tunics of skin are a symbol of a new bo#,.'that Adam and Eve got after their fall, a body which became mortal anèsubject to disease, suffering and pain. The tunics were made by God t:tprevent people from seeing the spiteful demons, the sight of which the#couldn't have endured. However, these tunics also separated them fromthe anyel's world and made it impossible for them to communicate witkGod dlrectly.
1
b) Cnmment en the metaphnrical sense nf the fnllnwinq: ,
t'Where are you'?' (3:9)tl was naked' (3:10) l
at .
111. Lankuage Fncus
Reinforcing Vocabulary* Translate these sentences into English using the vocabulary .of the text.
1. M eeay DTHMH JIBYMS CCMBSMH Bcerila CylllecTBoBaDa CITbITMqpaiueèa. '
2. rlzlazle'ra flzfp'ozl cpaeuuâta no pawepy c Hame; JlyHoi. 13 Xou rlozmultg npoaomxaqa paccTas> 'rs eMy JloBylllxu, oH 6= /
CJIHIIIKOM Xumep JWS HMX.4. B aOMe HHIITO He 7KHBeT C D BHHX IIOP, TaK KaK JIIOAH B 3TOii MCCTHOCTX
1V. Fnllnw-up Aclivities
* Get ready to discuss these problems- the qualities of hllman nature.
f Adam's fall. lts signifcance for the whole man-.- the consequences okind.
in class:
* W rite a composition to share your thoughtswill as an essential quality of hum an nature.
about freedom ofthe
LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
Read the texts (A-C) and answer the ltlestinns fnllcwing it
z1. The Parable ofthe Talents @fl//àeh', 25:14-30)14 ççFor the kingdom ofheaven is like a man traveling to a far countly
who called his own servants and delivered his goods to them.15 t4And to one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one,
to each according to his own ability', and immediately he went on a jollrney.16 Etn en he who had received the fve talents went and traded with them,
and made another :ve talents.17 KuArld likewise he who hadreceivedw o gained two more also.18 ç6But he who had received one went and dug in the grotmd, and hid his
lord's m oney.19 tiAfter a long time the lord of those servants came and settled ac-
counts with them.20 %tSo he who had received :ve talents came and brought five other tal-
ents, saying, çLord, you delivered to me five talents; look, I have gained fivemore talents besides them'.
21 ç4l-lis lord said to him, çWe11 done, good and faithful servant; you werefaithful over a few things, 1 will make you ruler over many things. Enter into
the joy of your lord.'22 ttl'le also who had received two talents came and said, tlaord, you de-Iivered to me two talents', look, l have gained two more talents besides them.'
23 ççl-lis lord said to him, tW el1 Jonc, good and faithf'ul servant; you havebeen faithful over a few things, l will make you ruler over many things. En-
ter into the joy of your lord.'24 ççn en he who had received the one talent came and said, çtaord, lknew you to be a hard man, reaping where you have not sown, and gatheringwhere you have not scattered seed.
25 ttAnd I was afraid, and went and hid yottr talent in the grotmd. Look,there you have what is yottrs.'
CLIHTaIOX qT0 Ha Hero HYIOXCCHO npoKllRmMe.5. 3a qTo BbI ero cyallTe? Kaxoe xqo OH IIPHXIHHHJI BaM9.6. Cekena a'roro Pacerelllls tmellb MeslfHe.7. C Tex nop, xaK OHH CTM M 3aHHMaTB aellbrM, HX IIPO6JleMbI NMI4P
pvxzzzzrl.8. HaM cDeayeT c'TapaTbcll npomutocmoRmb PMHOX Pa3HbIM Co6aalqnaAf.9. W OH CmblèWtcA CBOerO IIOCTNIKa, HO He XOTWJI OTKPMTO FIPH3HATbCBOIO BHHY.
10. COJIAaTaM IIPHKMM H 0XP4l4Rm b BCe BbIXO;!BI H3 3D H#IS.
226 227
26 ç<But his lord answered and said to him, çYou wicked and lazy servatj' !knew that I reap where I have not sown, and gather where I have notlyou
scattered seed.27 çç'Therefore you ought to have deposited my money with the banketl, .
and at my coming I would have received back my own with interest.28 t'rherefore take the talent from him, and givg it to him who has tmi
talents. î '29 tFor to everyone who has, more will be given, and he will have abunh
1dance; but from him who does not have, even what he has will be taken away
30 tAnd cast the tmproftable servant into the outer darkness. There wilbe weeping and gnashing of teeth.' ,
;1
B. The Parable ofthe H'le and Foolish virgins (Matthew 25:1-13) $. t
25 ç<erhen the kingdom of heaven shall be likened to ten virgins who toàkh bride room.their lamps and went out to meet t e g
2 <4lNow :ve of them were wise, and :ve were foolish.3 4irfhose who were foolish took their lamps and took no oi1 with them, !4 Etbut the wise took oi1 in their vessels with their lamps,5 ttBut while the bridegroom was delayed, they a11 slllmbered and slept' .,6 çiAnd at midnight a cry was heardl <Behold, the bridegroom is coming; 7 (
go out to m eet him ! ' '7 R'Then a11 those virgins arose and trimmed their lamps.8 &çA.nd the foolish said to the wise, tGive us some of your oil, for our t
lamps are going out.' '9 ttBut the wise answered, saying, tNo, lest there should not be enoug,h
for us and you; but go rather to those who sell, and buy for yottrselves.' .10 ttAnd while they went to buy, the bridegroom came, and those who
were ready went in with him to the wedding; and the door was shut. j11 4tAAerward the other virgins cam e also, saying, tLord, Lord, open to usl' çtvBut he answered and said, çAssuredly, I say to you, l do not 112
know you.' h13 ttwatch therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hottr in which
the Son of Man is coming.
i Is It Lawful to .Pe, Taxes to Caesar? (Matthew 22..15-22) 'c The Phar sees:15 Then the Pharisees went and plotted how they might entangle Him in '
His talk.16 And they sent to Him their disciples with the Herodians, saying, ,
çt-feacher, w e know that You are true, and teach the way of God in truth; nordo You care about anyone, for You do not regard the person of men. t
17 4çTe11 us thereforey what do You think? ls it lawful to pay taxes to1, .Caesar, or not? .
1:
@
2.
3.
Answer questinns 1-3 W chncsing frcm the paraàles A-C.W hich parable lays emphasis on the following?
l . being vigilant and thoughtful2. being obedient to the authorities3. developing yottr abilities and gifts
18 But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, ftW hy do you tcst Me,
î'ou hypocrites?19 ç4show M e the tax money'' So they brought Him a denarius.20 And He said to them, çtW lzose image and inscliption is this?''21 They said to Him , Gcaesar's.'' And He said to them, <<Render there-
fbre to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are
(J0d'S.>'22 W hen they had heard these wtprJx; they malveled, and left Him and
went their way.
Answe? qtleslinns 1-9 by referring t: the parables A-C. Ynu may chctse any nf
the parables mnre than nnce.
W ho1. sent their disciples to Jesus2. was delayed in the night3. who remrned. his master's money with interest4. paid no attentlon whether the person was of noble or 1ow ozigin
5. was surprised by Jesus' answer6. blamed his master for being self-interested and cnlel7. did not provide themselves with what they needed8. wanted to blame Jesus of disobedience to the ruler9. fotmd themselves before the closed door
Match the wnrds and phrases frnm texts (1-5) with their implied metaphcricalmeaninps (a-e).1. oi1 a) the Kingdom of Heaven2. the bridegroom b) good deeds3. wedding c) God4. trade d) submit to the authorities5. pay taxes e) develop one's talents
229
TIIIN l a The Ethics ef a christian Marriaqe
ttMan ... is the image and glory of God; butwoman is the glory of man . . .''
The New Testament, 1 Cor //
LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
1
:*%lr1f
2.
lawful (l1o:fol) obeying the 1awmutual ('mju:tluall equally shared by each one
Read the lext carelully and da the tasks that fnllnw.
T& xrv- ,sf ofuafrimonyhe book of Genesis contains thestory of the first matrimony sanc-
tifed by the Lord God in Paradise.Having created the Erst m an -
Adam, God revealed to him the es-sence of his life and behaviottr in Par-adise. From then on, Adam was to(IKSS and keep the Garden of Eden.Then the Lord said, 'tlt is not goodthat the man should be alone'' (Gen.2, 18) and made another human beinglike him - a woman. And the çfrib,which the Lord had taken from man,
d brought her tmto the man. And Adam said: tt 'This ismade He a Woman annOW bone Of my bones, and flesh .of my flesh: she shall be called W oman,because She waS taken out of Man.' '' (Gen. 2, 22-24)
EVe lmto Adnm GOd acted as the 0f the bride-Thus, by bringing friendoom, blessing their conjugal tmion. Adam, on his part, readily accepted Eve.Then God said to them : ç<Be fnzitf'ul and multiply and replenish the
Eal4h.'' (Gen. 1, 28). This blessed union of the husband and wife into one be-ing and one life was the mystery of marriage. t4Therefore shall a man leavehis father and his mother, and cleave unto his wife' and they shall be one
? the ideallesh.'' (Gen. 2, 24) The verb ç4cleave'' used in the scrlptures conveysof the closest lmion of their physical and spiritual interests. God doesn't al-1ow people to interfere with this tmion. Christ taught: KçW hat therefore God
hath joined, 1et not man put asunder.'' (Mk. 10, 9)By performing the rite of matrimony the Chmch elevates the conjugal
union to the level of a sacrament. lt is regarded as a spirimal mystery whichcan be compared to the mysterious lmion between Jesus Christ and Hischurch. Accorcling to the New Testament, in the last days Christ will come asthe bridegroom and the church will present itself to Him as a chaste virgin.
In a Christian marriage the husband takes upon himself the cross Of thefam ily life, expecting his wife to share his burden by becoming his assistantand friend. The wife responds to her husband with a sincere devotionprompted by her heart and mind.
231
1. Reading and Cnmprehensinn Tasks
1. ne fcllcwinq wnrds are essential lcr understanding and discussinj the malnideas nf the text Learn the meaninl and pmnunciaticn cf these wnrds.
Nounsbond (bond) an agreement, feeling, likeness, etc. that unites people orgroupsconsent (kanlsent) agreement, permissionessence ('esons) the central or most important quality of a thing, whichmakes it what it isfornication (lfomllkeljl having sexual relations with someone outsidem arriagehumility (hju:lmllltl) the quality of being humblematrimony ('mœtrlmonl) the state of marriagerite (ralt) act or ceremony, esp. in religious sezvicessacrament g'sœkromont) ceremony in the Christian church (matrimo-ny, confession, etc.)Wrbscleave gkliiv) unto stick fast to; be faithful todeprive (dllpralvj smn ofsmth to tmke away from; prevent fzom usingelevate ('elovelt) to make the mind, soul, etc. better or higherhonour glona) to show respect tonourish g'nArlfl to cause to stay alive or grow by giving food, water, etc.reveal Erl'vi:l) to allow to be seen; to make knownsanctify ('sœpktlfal) to make holysubmit gsab'mlt) to to yield (oneselg; agree to obey
,1 djectiveschaste gt-felst) pure in word, thought and deeddue (dju:) to owed or owing as a debt or rightfruitful (lfru:tful! successll; useful; producing good results
230
V
-
jbout m:. tt and see what it says at'urn to the New Testamen $,Let us now )
rtrim ony.
l#7ve:and Husbands
çtet the wives be subject to their own husbands as to the Lord, becauxthe husband is the head of the wife.. . Wives, submit yourselves to your hul.bands, as is proper in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives and do not b:bitter with them.'' (Col. 3: 18, 19). Man fçis the image and glozy of God; butwoman is the glory of man. For man is not from woman, but woman frommam Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man . .. Nev.ertheless, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent Qfman, in the Lord. For as woman came from man, even so man also comeathrough woman; but a1l things are from God.'' (1Cor. 11:7- 9, 1l, 12).
Rl-lusbands, love your wives... Husbands ought to love their wives, , .even as their own bodies. The one, who loves his wife, loves himself, for n:one ever hated his own qesh, but he nourishes and cares for it.. .
Let each of you love his own wife as he loves himself aqd 1et the wif:see that she respects her husband.'' (Eph. 52 28, 29, 33). Gllusbands, lik..wise, deall with them with understanding, giving honour to the wife, as te
the weaker vessel .. .'' (1 Pet. 3:7).ç%put on, therefore ... tender affection, kindness, humility, gentlenesggpatience. And above a1l these things put on love, which is the bond thgtlmites everything in complete hnrmony. .. Let the peace of Christ rule ill
your hearts...'' (1 Col. 3:12, 14, 15).
3.
About M arriage
ttet each man have his own wife and let each woman have her ()w:husband. Let the husband give to his wife what is due, and likewise also th.wife to the husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body)but the husband; and likewise the husband does not have authority over hi1own body, but the wife. Do not deprive each other, except for a time by mu.tual consent, that you may have leisure for prayer, and then be togethetagain, that Satan might not tempt you because of your lack of self-contal. . ,To the married I give charge (not 1, but the Lord) that the wife not be sepa.rated from her husband and that the husband not leave his wife.'' (1 Cor. 7)
Honour God in Your Body
çtM arriage is honourable in all and the bed is unstained, but God will
judge fornicators and adulterers.'' (Heb. 13,4)
232
'W II things are lawful to me, but not al1 things are helpful. A1l things areIawful to me, but 1 will not be made subject to any. . . The body is n0t forlbrnication, but for the Lord. . . Do you not know that one who joins himselfttl a prostitute is One body (with her)? çTor,'' He said, 'Ethe * 0 Shall be oneIlesh.'' Run away from fornication. Every sin a man commits is outside hisbody, but he who fornicates, sins against his own body. Do yOu not knowthat your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom y0uhave from God, and you are not your own? You were bought With a price,
therefore, honour God in your body'' (1 Cor. 6)CiW hoever divorces his wife and marries another, commits adulteryJtgainst her, and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she com-
Inits adultely'' (Mark 10:, 1 1, 12).Eç. . . lf any brother has a wife who does not believe, and she is willing to
live with him, 1et him not divorce her. And a woman who has a husband whodoes n0t believe, if he is willing to live with her, 1et her not divorce him. Forthe tmbelieving husband is sanctifed by the wife, and the unbelieving wifeis sanctifed by the husband; otherwise yotlr children would be unclean, but
11OW they are h0ly''. (1 Cor. 7: 12-14).(Quotationsfrom ''The New Testament. Mccoraà Testament Translation ')
Prepare exteneive ansWers tn the fcllcwing questions.1 W h0 was the frst friend of the bridegroom in the history of mankind?2. W hat is the mystery of marriage?3. What elevates the conjugal tmion to the level of a sacrament?4. W hat is the spirimal mystery of matrimony compared to?5. In what way is the husband similar to Christ?6. W hat are the responsibilities of the wife?7. How should husbands keat their wives?8. W hat does the New Testnment say about intimate relations between hus-
band and wife?t). W hy is fornication considered to be a deadly sin?l 0. W hat was the price man was bought with?l l . W hat is the attitude of chtlrch to divorce?
lI. Interpretatlon cf Meaning
1. Find the quntatinns in the text which are equivalent ta these quntatinns frnm theRussian versicn cl the Bible.
l 44BoT aTo KocTs oT KocTe; MoHx H naoTs oT FInOTH MOe;', OHa GyaeT
HYV IBaTbCS XçCHOIO, H60 B3STa OT Mylhlçah).
233
2. Gl-lorroMy oceraBH'r qelosex o'm a csoero 11 MaTb cBolo H HpltrlerlMTc, x
AxeHe cBoei, M GyilyT (aBoe) oaua rlno'rbp.3. ql-llloaHTecs, paaMHoxcaii'recb H aacezmii'f'e aeMzlxm.4. GHTaK, q'ro Eor coqeraa, Toro qenoBex aa He paqmyqaeo .5. Mpx rrecn o6paa H czlasa Bopx> ; a aella ec'rs caaBa Myllcap.6. qBrlpoqeM, HH MpK 6e3 llceHbl, HH pxeila 6e3 My-a, B Focnoae. H6o, xaxxcella OT Mypxa, Tax H Mypx Mpe3 Axelly; Bce pxe - o'r Borab.
7. (4)KeHbI, IloBllHyiierech CBOHM MylxblM, Kax Focrioay.. .)).8. rfel'ax aolpxzlbz Mpxs, JIIO6H'I'b cBoltx eeH, Icalc cBolf Tenalh.9. f4H6o HHltq'o HHlcoraa He HMe.q HeHaBHCTH K CBOH IIJIOTH, HO HHTRCT d
I'pee'r eep.10. rrlïallciwlii 143 Bac aa zllo6HT csozo eeny xax caMoro ceG ; a llceHa A:
y6oHa'cl Mpxa csoerop.11. flGollee llçe Bcero, oGzlelçlïerecb B JlIo60Bb, KOTOPM ec'rb COBOU IIHOCT:
coBepmellcTmk.12. ffEpalc y Bcex aa 6yileT qecTeH, a zlo-e Henopoxmo; 6zzyalmxos lxe g
npelzo6oaees cyallT Borhy.13. (œ ce MHe rlo3sonlrrezlsHo, Ho He Bce rfoaeaHo; sce MHe noasolm rrezblmr
Ho Imq'ro He aollxHo oGnaaan Mllolop.14. GBerai're G yaa. .. G.qyaHulc I'pettlH'r npoerHs co6c'rselllloro Telayh.15. GM PK oxaablsa; pxezle aon>xHoe 6naropacnonoxcelme; noao6uo H lxeHg
MyYy . . .)) .
2. Say which cf the alternatives is trtle:ççW ives, submit yourselves to your husbands'' meansa. the wife must serve on her husband like a slave;b. she must treat her htksband with respect ms someone responsible for her,
ts-f'he husband is the head of the wife'' meansa. the husband must take the burden of maniage upon himself;b. the husband must be a privileged spouse taking the advantage of his wif:,
Eçl-lusbands ought to love their wives. . . even as their own bodies'' meacga. husbands ought to be most sincerely devoted to their wives and be.
have accordingly;b. husbands should only take care of their wives' bodies.
4 ftYou are not your own'' meansa. you are not responsible for what you do;b. yollr body and soul belong to the Creator.
t4l-lonour God in your body'' meansa. consider yomself to be equal to God;b. avoid bodily tmcleanliness which mars God's image in you.
234
ttA1l things are lawful to me but l will not be made subject to any'' meansa. in spite of lots of temptations 1 will have a perfect self-control overmy passions and desires;
b. I am free to indulge in any passion or desire.
111. Language Fccus
Reinforcing Vocabulary1. Make a Iist nf werds and wnrd cnmbinaticns frcm the text which are associated
with matrimnny.e.g. a spiritual mystely a blessed tmion, kindness, etc.
2. Prnvide an adeqtlate translatinn 1nr the fnllcwinj phrases.
be subject toconjugal tmionput astmder
3. Cnmplete the sentences with wnrds tn dn with matrimnny. Try tn juess the wcrdW the first lelter.
l . Church s the conjugal union.2. Should a wife s herself to her httsband?3. She had given her husband years of a and support.4. n e Christian Church unites persons in holy m .
5. F will be judged by God.6. Her parents refused their c to their marriage.7. Tom and Susan have a 1ot of m interests.8. G is a very agreeable quality.
4. Find pairs ()l synpnyms in the bcx delnw.
unstained charge gentle affectionaccuse obey pure mild love submit
commit adulteryshare smn's burdensincere devotion
5. Cnmplete the sentences using the wnrds frnm the textl . What would a smdent do if he . .. . .. of his books?2. One day the truth about his event will be . . . .
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3. The wages .. . to him will be paid tomorrow. , IV. FclIcw-Up Activlties4. lt's unwise to ... between husband and wife.5. The two countries were united in the ... of friendship. i * Get ready to discuss what you have Iearnt from the text about the6. He tried to ... me to cheat in the examination. following:
7. separate holidays and weekends apart .. . more clearly than any words th. - a proper way for a man/woman to behave in a conjugal union;j)state of their marriage. . - what you must avoid doing not to insult the image of God in your
body;6. Supply the ccrrect fcrm nf the wcrd in capital Ietlers tn fit in the hlanks: - which of the obligations of matrimony you think the hardest to fulfil.
1. Doris is an wife and mother (AFFECTION). , ri @ w rite a composition describing your views on reaching harmony2. You should try and resist the (TEMPT). . and happiness in married life.
3. Pilate was a ruler (LAW). ) è4. He takes a keen interest in matters (sP1lt1T). ' LESSON B. PRACTICE TEST
5. she is an old lady IINTERFEREI. ' : , Read the texts (;-C) and answer the questiens that fnllnw.6. His words seemed to me (MvsTERv).d that it had been a meeting (FRuIT). '.f- Water Turned to x ''e (John 2:1-11)z. All agree8 There are solicitors who help people in their troubles (MAT. . ' On the third day there was a wedding in cana of Galilee, and the moth-. r oj-ssus was tlwre.RlMoxvl. e
2 xow b0th Jesus and His disciples were invited to the wedding.t 3 And when they ran out of wine, the mother of Jesus said to Him, KGn ey
7. Translale these senlences tlsinj the vccabtllary 01 the text , ,,, Ilave no wine.
1. DTI1 aBe Bemll OGilaaaio'r BHeHIHHM CXOJCTBOM, H0 PUSHHRIOTCS ll# 4 Jesus said to her, fçWoman, what does yottr concem have to do withCymlê. Me? My hotlr has not yet come.''
2. OnaCHO H PDPyIIIHTeJDHO JUIS JlytllH nllmamb IIYBCTBO HCHaBMCTH K 5 Hjs mother said to the Servallts, ffW hatever He Says to you, do it.''ZIOJISM. 6 N there were set there siX watemots of stone, according to theOW
3. 3a cBoe npeclyluellHe OH 68121 Auluele I'PaNJaHCKHX IIPaB. larmer of pmijication of the Jews, containing twenty or thirty gallons. 114. Y Meim rloaropea rmpor, a roc'ryl 6yèym (êtw:vczzhl npuèmu) qepe: :ppjece.
Ilollqaca. y q: ,,Jesus said to them , Fill the waterpots with water. And they Elled5. l'lpoYcolo3 yqllTelleii Tpe6yex qT06bI aellbrH, npllMuma+vltlec.M HM, jlj;m up to the brim.tW IJlH BblflsaqeHlal HCMe;WCHHO. 8 And He said to them, ''oraw some out now, and take it to the master of
6. sauaxxe omuo-enux (aza,z) Mepxay a'ruvu asyvx uapoaaxm ue Morp ,, a oey took it., tl,e feast. A.n6sla.s Jzerxo paappueu-.6onsmuucvse co au paapemaevcx cosepmavs w as. 9 w lzen the master of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine,
z. rauncmeo 6paxa sxo csxm euuuuav .
ltnd did not know where it came from (but the sewants who had drawn tlw8 Kovuane.r o'rxaaaacx aaa.s cosacue ua aaov rmau. water knew), the master ofthe feast caned the bridegroom.9 wa--,--e. -u- up,,,w -,-- ,,-,,,--- ---,- --s- m-- - ----x Ioa-d 1-- s-id t- hi-, .,s.-o, -- -t th- i-gi- i-g --s --t tl,- g--drmusunerug, ecnu osu upoaoa-av aagacw shy . wine, and when u,e guea. lmve well an,nk, then u,at which is infbrior; but
10. cowpsu,cu ogxaau,a noàquuxmscx aucuurlaxse. you have kept the good wine vmtil now.',11 aeveu z'pusez,u x csxwesuuxyu ou vnazocm.ua ux. '., 11 This beginning of- signs Jksus did in cana ofoalilee, and manifbstedl2. Asapux npouaouma ua-aa uegpe-uoc-ru pa6o-ruuxos. k. l Iis glory; and uis disciples believed in Him.
f (236 , 237
Y
B. The Parable ofthe Persistent H'ïflow (Luke, 18..1-8)1 n en He spoke a parable to them, that men always ought to pray 1,11(1
not lose heart,2 saying: eçefhere was in a certain city a judge who did not fear God nor
regard m an.3 G<lNow there w as a widow in that city; and she cam e to him , sayingj
xAvenge me of my adversaty'4 GAnd he would not for a while; but afterward he said within himself,
t'rhough l do not fear God nor regard mans5 tyet because this widow troubles me 1 will avenge her, lest by her con-
tinual coming she weary me.''6 Then the Lord said, I'Hear what the tmjustjudge said.7 ttAnd shall God not avenge His own elect who cry out day and night ttl
Him, though He bears long with them?8 ç41 tell you that He will avenge them speedily. Nevertheless, when the
Son of Man comes, will He really lind faith on the earth?''
C. The Parable ofthe Wedding Feast (Matthew 22:1-14)1 And Jesus answered and spoke to them again by parables and said:2 tt-l'he kingdom of heaven is like a certain king who arranged a marriagc
for his son,3 ççand sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the wed-
ding; and they were not willing to come.4 ttAgain, he sent out other servants, saying: 4çTell those who are invited,
ttsee, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and fatted cattle are killed, and allthings are ready. Come to the wedding.''
5 l<But they made light of it and went their wayss one to his own farm,another to his business.
6 ççAnd the rest seized his servants, treated them spitefully, and killed them.7 ItBut when the king heard about it, he was furious. And he sent out his
azmies, destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city.8 çç-rhen he said to his selwants, ç'I'he wedding is ready, but those who
were invited were not worthy.9 &'rherefore go into the highways, and as many as you find, invite to thc
wedding.'10 <<So those servants went out into the highways and gathered togethcr
a11 whom they found, both bad and good. And the wedding hall was fllcd
with guests.11 <4But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there wlul
did not have on a wedding garm ent.
238
12 vçso he said to hiln, C'L?O- riend, how did you ctlllle i11 llt!l t, w itlts 34,4 j$ jvcpjtlillg garment'?' And he was Speechless.
13 tç-f-hen the king said 'to the servants, <Bind hinl hallt.i jylttf f t'tlt. Cllke (stltjJtway, and cast him into outer darkness; there will bc weej,illp, lIljtl gljiltjllitjg
r,f-teeth '14 Atyor many are callezt but few are chosen.''
Answer questitms 1-3 by chncsinç frnm lhe parts A-c.
W hich part emphasises t>e following?l . God calls a11 people but some Won't hear him.?. Jesus' first miracle was rerformed to make his disciples believethat he was the son of G od.
3. The power of prayer is great.
2 Answer questinns 1-g by chncsinq frnm the parts A-c.ynu may chnnse any cl
the pads mcre than nnce.
Which part refers to the following?I . the guests ignored the kjng's invitation'2. the worse wine was selved at the beginning3. the woman asks for protgction from someone who oppresses her4. there was a severe ptmfshment for the mtlrderers of the king's
servants5. it was made by Jesus to m ake His disciples believe in Him6. those who had been invjted were not worthy7. the guests were expected to wear special garments8. the man was tired of thg Woman's complaints9. many are called but few are chosen
3. Match the wcrds and phrases frnm texts (1-6) with their implied metaphcrical
meanings (a-f).1 . wedding2. the king's servants3. a wedding garm ent4. His own elect5. outer darkness6. went their way
a) a place where there is no presence of Godb) the Kingdom of Heavenc) the prophets sent by Godd) rejected God's calle) living according to God's commandments9 the believers
239
(1J a Spiritual Standards ef christianity '(
ttGod resists the proud but gives His grace tothe hmnble''
The Ncw Testament, James 4:6
?LESSON A. INTENSIVE REABING
1. Readinj and Cpmprehensipn Tasks
1. The fcllnwing wnrds are essential fnr understandinj and discussinj the main 'ideas cf the text Learn the meaning and prcnunciaticn cf these wcrds. ''
Nounsbribery ('bralbarl) giving favotzrs or gifts to influence smn in a posi-tion of responsiblility .chastity g'tfœstltl) (state o9 being virtuous in word, thought idespondency gdlpspondonsl) loss of hope ''flattery g'flœtorl) praising smn insincerely in order to pleaseidolatry (alldolotrlj the worship of idols 'malice glmœlls) active i11 will; desire to harm othersperversion gpalv3:j'nl tuzning from right to wrong; change to smthabnormal lmnamral: ..
revenge (rllvends) deliberate inqiction of injury upon the personts)ïfrom whom injury has been received .slofll (slouoj laziness; idlenesssorcery ('sc:sorl) practising magic with the help of evil spirits ':witchcraft Elwlt-fkrœftl sorcery; use of magic .wrath (ro:0) great anger; indignation ',
i
Verbs .abide (olbald) to stay; remain; live (in aplaee) 'condemn (kanldeml to express strong disapproval of (smn or some ,,action)entice (Inltals) to persuade srnn to do smth usually wrongexalt glglzo:lt) to praise highly .humble r'hambl) to have or show a modest opinion of oneself, one'sition, etc.; to make smn humble ?posrebuke Erllbju:k) to speak severely to (ojhcially or otherwisej ''repent (rldpent) to think with regret or sorrow of; to wish one had not. r
'
,:-
'
j- ,r
'
j:done smthtame gtelml to make tame '.'
240
Adjectivescontent (kpnbtent) satissed; happyeovetous ('kavotos) desiring eagerly to possess smth, esp. belongingto othersexcessiye (Iklseslv) too much; too greatfilthy ('fI101) disgustingly dirty; vile; obscenemerciful Elma:slful.l showing mercy; forgiving rather than punishingpresumptuous (prl'zamptj-uos) too bold or self-cov dent as a resultof having tpo high an opinlon of oneselfspiteful ('spaltful) having or showing unreasonable dislike for anddesire to annoy another person
2. n e meaninq nf these wcrds is prnhably familiar tc ynu-practise their pmnunclatinn:
a) international wordsdemonic (di:lmomkjhomosexual gjhoumzlsekj-ual)incest (n) ('lnsest)
b) derivativescraftiness g'krœftlncs)inseparable (In'seplrabl)loathsome ('lcuösan)
sensual ('senjbol)sodomite ('sodgmalt)
perseverance (jp3)SlVlJrJ11S1unstable yndstelbl)
3. Read the text tarefully and dn the tasks thal fnllnw.
Part l
clphela Mrtueo become a real Christian, one must obtain certainand heart, which are called Christian virtues. Al1
are the refection of the qualitiesof the Creator, in whose image we
qualities of mindour human virtues
, a;y,gtN , , .. , yy j. ..%. . .. z . . . jjtqqqjqqjj ... ' ' J .. .. . . I .. , k <, . ..g. 1 ltj ''.-w - y: : . - . ) y ,
were made. ' : q .) z. .. .. . '' . %.t < . ;.
The main Cluistian virtues are '. r'-'f .t' q '' '>.. . s. s . . ?
. , . .r . 4 .'' ' . .$ .. . 1'' J.' z' s :LOVE, FAITH, HOPE, H ILITY, ' i ' . . . )i ,' ': q ,4 6 jIWTIENCE, MEEKNESS, SELF- r . , 4 :.
. t ... . . .? . '' ' ljqr/ . ..
CONTROL. Other virttzes are WIS- ,.z ,9 , 'jt .p-, , u.s, ---tI)oM, KxowtzoGs, HoxEs-rv, (':'; ''$.' '1$'.w ' . '
< : ' '>' . ' -. $(IBEDIENCE, CO GE, FAIT1F 3:.$ f'' .lj , ' . k
-ut-lqsss, 'xsss, ,. ? .,., ..,,t. -' - -.
.
'a.. .. ..
1, ., g' .) ( . ' ' .'' ' . '. . . tr..pNESS and CHASTITY 7-, ' .2.,* '' . ' .'u6
241
This is what the New Testament says about them.
LOVE is surely the most important of al1 Christian qualities. The first
and the greatest commandment of God is that His creation must love Him.EçYou shall love the Lord your God with a11 your heart
, with a1l your soul,with a11 your mind and with a1l yotlr strength. This is the frst command-ment. And the second, like it, is this: You shall love your neighbour as your.self. There is no other com mandment greater, than these.'' (Mk 12:30, 31):<He, who does not love, does not know God.'' (1 John 3: 14) trreater lovehas no one than. . . to 1ay down one's life for his friends.'' (Jo1m 15:13) How-ever, it is only natural that you should love your friends
, but you should alsoK%love yottr enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curseyou and pray for those who spitefully use you.'' (Luke 6:27, 28) G4Be merci-f'uls just as your Father also is merciful.'' tLtlke 6:36)FAITH is the solzrce of wisdom, strengt.h and al1 virtues. Man was made
to believe in God. Unbelief is a perversion of hmnan nature, the sotlrce of a11
evil things. Being the resttlt of suppressing the truth and replacing it by lies,it is an unnamral state of human souls
. A truly spirimal person tçlives by faithin the Son of God'', Who loves him and gave Himself for bim (Ga1. 2:20)and W ho prays to His Father for the believers
. (Jolm 17:8)With faith one can do anything, for tçall things are possible to him who
believes''.(Mk 9:23)HOPE isinseparable 9om faith. It is inspired by things unseen because
<thope that is seen is not hope; for why does one still hope for what he sees? Butif we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly wait for it with perseverance.''(Rom. 8:24, 25) We are saved in hope. Despondency (loss of hope) is a deadlysin because it actually means lack of faith in God. If we hope, God helps us inotlr wenkness. So, we should always ççrejoice in hope'' (Rom. 12:12) and notttgrow weary in doing good'' (zThes 3:13). So, do not lose heart even if you areEthard pressed on every side'' (2Cor. 4:8). Never become despondent!
HUMILITYLS the mother of all virtues. A wise man is always humble forit is written. tt whoever exalts himself will be humbled
, and he who hlzm-bles himself will be exalted'' (Luke 14:11).
Hllmility is not weakness, but a godlike quality, for God Himself, in a11
his greatness, is humble, becoming a slave to a11 and taking upon Himselfthe sins of the world.
God wants us to obey the authorities, the existing laws, ottr parents. Et etevery soul be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authorityexcept from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God
. There-fore, whoever resists the authority, resists the ordinance of God.'' (Rom.13:1,12) t<children, obey yotzr parents in all things, for this is well pleasingto the Lord.'' <6W ives, submit to yotlr own husbands
, as is ftting in the Lord.''(Col. 3:18-20)
242
It is really hard for us to become humbles because Satan is constantlytlying to tempt us in olzr pride. How can one learn to be humble? Saint An-thony the Great says, tTeach yottr tongue to say 'Forgive me' and you willobtain hllmility'' (Monks' Doing. - M, 1993)
One should always bear in mind Christ's commandment, ttludge not,and you shall not be judged. Condemn not, and you shall not be condemned.Forgive, and you will be forgiven.'' tLtkke 6:37)
PATIENCE 'I'he New Testnment has ity ççBe patient, brethren... do notgrumble against one another, lest you should be condemned.'' (James 5:8,9)Apostle Llzke mites, :<By your patience possess yottr souls.'' (Luke 21:19)You should never complain, for Christ says, ttl rebuke and punish a11 whom 1love.'' (Rev. 3:19) lt is remarkable that God 'twill not allow you to be tempt-ed beyond what you are able''. Therefore, do not complain, for with thetemptation He will give you strength to bear the trial. (1 Cor. 10:13)
MEEKNESS 'tA servant of the Lord must not quarrel but be gentle to a11NTable to teach, patient, in humility correcting those who are in opposition.
(2Tim, 2:24, 25)Never try to take your revenge on those who ofl-end you. <<Do not avengeyottrselves, but rather give place to wrath (of God) for the Lord says,xxvengeance is M ine, I will repay.'' tç-fherefore, if your enemy hungers, feedhim: if he thirsts, give him a drink-'' (Rom. 12:17,19) EçBless those who per-secute you, bless and do not ctlrse. . . Do not be overcome by evil, but over-come evil with good.'' (Rom. 12:14, 21). Don't forget that meekness is aspirimal quality, which should not be mixed up with cowardice, for a Chris-tian must possess courage nmong other virtues.
SELF-CONTROL is a spirittlal power over one's iesh. Self-control, likepatience, is a gifl of God's gïace. You cannot rely on yolzrself in obtaining it,but you must ask God for it ln yotzr prayer. According to the saints, this gift,combined with freedom of the will, is something that makes it possible forman to achieve likeness to God.
lf you lose your self-control, you become an obedient slave of your pas-sions, yotu- mind is blinded by ttthe lust of the Eesh, the lust of the eyes andthe pride of life'' (1 John 2:16) and is ttlrned to the evil.
tçBlessed is the man who enduzes temptationl'' (James 1:12)
Pad 11
W- ann fru J4 -fl -ne must be very caref'ul about what is happening to him spiritually, be-cause we are constantly tempted by Satan. I'The whole world lies under
a sway of the wicked one'' (1 John 5:19). You can easily recognize his work:
243
*
pride, despondency, envy, hatred are from him. It's only with Christ's helpthat you can stand against his evil work in your life. tsResist the devil, and hewill flee from you.'' (James 4:7)
Of a1l sins there are some that are called ttdeadly sins'' because they areespecially nzinous for one's soul. They are actually human passions such asPRIDE, COVETOUSNESS, LUST SXUX GLUIVOM ANGER, SLOTH
Som e saints add two m ore sins to this list: DESPONDENCY and UN-FORGIVENESS.
Other sins like: idle talk, flthy language, lies, slander, theft, bribely llat-tely sponging, hatred, mtlrder, robbely magic (sorcery and witchcraft),adultely fornication, violation, hom osexual intercourse, incest, idolatly her-esies, unmercifulness and cruelty are originated from the seven deadly sins.
PRIDE is Satan's sin, the greatest sin in the eyes of God. StGod resiststhe proud but gives His grace to the humble.'' (James 4:6)
0< human reason is not wise before God. The New Testament has it:çt et no one deceive himself. If anyone among you seem s to be wise in thisage, 1et him become a fool that he may become wise. For the wisdom of thisworld is foolishness with God.'' lt is written: 'tl'le catches the wise in theirown craftiness. . .'' and again: t<'l''he Lord knows the thoughts of the wise, thatthey are futile. Therefore 1et no one boast in men'' (1 Cor. 3: 18-21). Godsays: ç%l will destroy the wisdom of the wise and bring to nothing the under-standing of the pnzdent.'' (1 Cor. 1:19)
So, if you are proud, tipresllmptuous and self-willed'' you'll be judgedby God. (2 Peter 2:9, 10).
M oreover, you depend on God for success in your life, in your work,etc., as Christ says, ç1l nm the vine, and you are the branches. He who abidesin Me, and l in him, bears much fruit; for without M e you can do nothing.''(John 15:5)
COVETOUSNESS. :ç.. .rfhe love of money is the root of all kinds ofevil. . .'' (1 Tim. 6: 10) çro not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth wheremoth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal. But 1ay for yottr-selves treastzres in heaven, where neither moth nor nlst destroys and wherethieves do not break in and steal.'' (Matt. 6: 19-20) Covetous people are go-ing Etthe way of Cain'' they Gtrun greedily for prolit'' and ççpelish'' (Jude 1:11)
ç4W e have brought nothing into this world, and it is certain, we can car-zy nothing out. And having food and clothing, with these we shall be con-tent. But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation. . . and into manyfoolish and harmful lusts, which drown m en in destnlction and perdition.''(1 Tim. 6:7-9)
So, you can see that being content with what you have is a great gain,which helps you to depart from evil.
244
LUST. 0ne m ayhave lust for power, lnolltty.llle opposite sex, etc.God condemns those çEwho walk according t4) tllt, 41pqltj lpfttilsg :#wy hfll(,f adultery and that cannot cease from sin, enlicildg IIl,NlaI)1: .tlfll: I ltyjllave a heart trained in covetous practices and are atectls qefl t,tjildfvfj ''I-hey çtdespise authority. . . they are not afraid to spcltk cvtl #Il (llglplfaf i:#When they speak great swelling words of emptincss, tjlry tljllllo'' pegpi..and ftwhile they promise them liberty they themselves at'c slltvp: çll ostffstjp,
tion.'' (2 Peter 2:10-19)itDo not be deceived: neither fornicators, nor adultercrs, 11(11. llspllttlqe.tlals, nor sodomites, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor dnznkards . . . wlll ittllt', ltthe kingdom of God.'' (1 Cor. 6:9, 10), as well as those who t'rejet:l tlje tltt ,thorities'' in their lust for power. In the New Testament such sinllel tk at:compared with tçclouds without water, carried about by the windsq' llllc 1111tumn trees without fruit, twice dead, pulled up by the roots, raging wllvt!s t1jthe sea, foarning up their own shmne. .. for whom is reserved the blaekness ()t'darkness forever''. (Jude 1:12, 13) l'The world is passing away, and the 1t1st (,1'it'' (1 John 1:17), 'ttherefore put to death fbmication, uncleanliness, passioll,evil desire and covetousness, which is idolatly because of these things thewrath of God is coming upon the sons of disobedience''. (Co1. 3:5,6)
ENVY lf you have bitter envy in your heart you can't be called wise.This passion is not Gtfrom above, but is earthly, sensual, demonic. For whereenvy and self-seeking exist, confusion and evely evil thing are there''.
(James 3: 14-16)The root of envy is hatred and lies. For those who en'ky hell begins onthe earth, because this passion dries up your heart, httmiliates you and leadsyou to destruction, urging you to do evil things to the person you en'vy.You'll feel miserable, unless you try to overcome it. But how can one do it?
Feofan the Recluse says, tçllurry up and tr.y to rouse in your heart friendli-
ness for the man you envy and make yottrself do good things to him. Then,with God's help, your envy will quieten down, othenvise you'll perish-''
GLUTTONY. The New Testament has it: çtEat whatever is sold in themarket. .. For the earth is the Lord's and all its fullness'' (1 Cor. 10:25, 26).God gave us food and blessed it. However, we should not içdestroy tlle workof God for the sake of food'' (our body and soul), for it is said, 'Toods for thestomach and the stomach for foods, but God will destroy both.'' (1 Cor. 6:13)People who tçfeast without fear'' (Jude 1 212), do an tmgodly deed. GAll thingsindeed are pure but it is evil for the man who eats with ofrense'' (Rom. 14:20).
It is also said: çtuse a little wine for your stomach's sake.. .'' (1 Tim.5:23). Wine was given us as a gift but we shouldn't dishonour ourselvesby excessive use of it. Saint John Zlatoust says: ûiDon't despise wine bu'tdtspise drunkenness.'' Wine is given us for joy, not for ruining our body
and soul.
245
l
Gluttons and drunkards will not tuinherit the kingdom of Gcu'' ) are spread on everybody - ottr famiy, children, friends, neighbotus, andtl Cor' 6:10) t eventually on the whole community. lt ls evident that we a11 share the conse- i !
ANGER. KçA servant of the Lord must not quarrel...but be gentle t: )' quences of evil deeds, as there is mutual responsibility for everybody's sin. 'all
..., patient (2 Tim. 2:24), ... avoid foolish and icnorant disoutes'' /231. So. itlet us cast offthe works of darkness, and 1et us put on the armotlr oft:W hoever hates his brother is a mttrderer
,
'-and vou knorw that *no 'mu.. ' Iieht'' '(Rom
. 13:12), for EEwhat proft is it to a man if he gains the wholederer has eternal life abiding in him
.'' (1 John 3:15) -<<xo other sin lays '-s -u Jh ! Wworld lnd loses his own soul? Or what will a man give in exchange for hisan obstacle between you and God as anger'' (st. John Leswiclmik)
, but uth. ) soul?'' (Matt. 16:26)wisdom that is from above is ... peaceful, gentle, willing to yield, full cf : upyewewKing-umeseible, xcw restament'', ',, y (cuotationspommercy... (James 3:17) , j' A OSt1e Peter once came to Christ and asked: Ktord
, how often shall my l ColMright 1985 Y Thomas NelsOn, InC. - The Gideons lnternationaoPbrother sin against me and 1 forgive him? Up to seven times? Jesus said t: '
u suppcrt ycur answer.him, 'G1 do not say to you, up to seven tim es, but up to seventy tim es seven.
'' 7 4- ABSWEr the fnllnWinl lllestinns.Find evidence Ircm the text' . :. tMatt 18:21, 22) p ar t I
Try hard to conkol yotlr tongue, for çtthe tongue is a little member and .boasts great things. .. the tongue is a flre. .. and it is set on fire by hell.. .. No 1. W hat are Christian virtues?
man can tame the tongue. It is an tmruly evil, full of deadly poison. W ith it we 2. W hat is the main virtue?
bless our God and Father and with it we cttrse men who Vve been made in ' 3. Why is hope a peculiar quality? 'the similitude of God. out of- the same mouth nroceed blessin. nna r-mxinty 4. w hy is it bad for anyone to exalt oneseloMy bretluvn, these things ought not to be so'' (fnmes 3:5-10) Uo --S: Vpu-t '''-o --fI- -*an*- 5. Who must one obey?7 er wrath malice, blasphemy, nlthy language' out of-yourmouth.l, (col. 3:8) 6. why is it wise to humble yottrself in the eyes of God?g , ,
' SLOTH. Any kind of s10th is loathsome to God: G<lf anyone will not 7. Can you rely on yourself in acquiring self-control?
work, neither shall he eat.'' (2 Thes. 3: 10) A 1ot of sins are forgiven to you if 8. What happens to you when you lose it?you take pains to do your work properly
. God prom ises a reward to those 'who work hard: Hcom e to M e, a11 you, who labour and are heavy laden, and P Z 1- t 11l will give you rest.'' (Matt. 1 1 :28). j .what are the sins which are especially nlinous for one's soul?
2. ls our hllman wisdom foolish in the eyes of God?***1 3 W hat is God's attitude to self-willed and presllmptuous people?If you want your sins to be forgiven, you m ust repent. Christ came to ' ith what we have?
earth to save the sinners. He says, Et-fhose who are well, have no need of a 4. W IZX mtlst We be content wPhysician but those who are sick.
I did not come to call the riehteous bnl 5' W hat kind Of passion is envy?Sinners, to repentance.'' (Mk. 2:17) *-- ' -- 6. Why is anger dangerous for your soul?
' Sins 1ie heavily on one's conscience. It has been proved that thev are the 1* IS it hardest for anyone to control his tongue?
Cause of different bodily and mental diseases. Living in sin may the Wrefore be 8. Why iS despondency (dejection) a great sin?burden than striving to live according to Christ's commandments
.
9. W hy d0eS Christ Say tçMy yoke is easy and My burden is lighf'?a greaterchrist says: çç-f'ake My yoke upon you and learn from M e
. . . and you willfind rest for yotzr souls. For My yoke is easy and My blzrden is light'' tMat1. jj jnjeyysjatjcn cj Meaninj1 1:29
, 30) iiEnter by the narrow gate, for wide is the gate and broad is the *I'! way that leads to destruction, and there are many who go in by it. Because 1 sugply the Enjlish eluivalents fcr the fnllnwinç luBtatinns frnm the Russian text. tl narrow is the gate and diëcult is the way which leads to life
, and there are - j the Bkjle. :few who fmd it.'' (Matt. 7:13, 14) 0 P a r t IIt is important to know that sin is not only one's private matter
. Asthrough one man, Adam , sin entered the world and spread upon a1l people
, 1. GHeT GollbIIIe T()ii JIIOCBH, KaK eCJIH IfTo IIOJIOIKHT Jlyllly CBOIO 3a Jlpy3eii
likewise tlze sins of each of us are ruinous not only for one person, but they csolïxp.
y 246 247)i
2. rfereprlellMeM cnacaii're ap tlu samym. ,
'
3 uck back at lhe lext and plck nut the metaihnr: Which describe the pnlnt: listed
,
3. ffBcllxHli, Heuasw wmuq 6pa'ra csoero, ec'rs qenoBexoy6ll uap. t cn the rijht :
4. ûlforo .S .rlIo6zlIo, Tex o6zmuazo u uaxaaslsaftm .
5. GM BI cnaceHbl B saaeaaep.
a jst paragraph Metaphor6. ffBzlaroczlosasii're npou uualomux sac
, Mozm-recb 3a o6Hlxammux Bacp.7. ffl'le 6yzw noGexcael.l aaoM
, Ho noGeyxaaq 3JIo aoGposm. ' 1. peopleu dependence on chlist for sw cess in Part 118 ffl'le MCTMTe 3a ce6JI Ho aaii're Mec'ro rlleBy BOIKHIO
. H60 Hanllcallû: their lives and work. Oride''* j(4M IIe o'lhMm eHHe, X Bo3aahoh
, D BOPHT FOCHOJIM/.2. tm e Of money. Pl11 11 I
Gcovettmsness''P a r t 11 ',
. 4( * '' y3 44H6o Myapocnw MHpa cero ec-rs 6e3yMHe npea BoroM
, xax Hanucaso: ' ''
4 PQO 1e'S tongue. PM 11'VnoBrtqe'r Myapsjx B ayxascTse Hx'p.
' P çwnger',4
. 4fIz16o, rae 3aBllc'rs H cBapzlusoc'rs, TaM Ileyc-rpoic-rBo If Bce xyaoep. .
'
:5. 44. .. x3IaIx - He6onsttlo; uneu, uo Muoro aenae'r . . . JI3Ia1It - orous, (0H)
g
Bocrlazu eM OT reeHHbl. A JI3Ialx yxpoi'H'rs HMIITO 113 Jlloae; He M07KeT: 3TO ' jjj Lanjuaje Fncgs- HCYJIeP7KHMOC 3Jl0; OH HcrlonHefl CMePTOHOCHOI'O SJIa)/.
6. fts ecMb Jlo3a, a B1,z Bevsu; uvo rlpegslsae'r Bo M ue, u JI B HeM, ToT ' Reinforcing VocabularyIIPMHOCHT MHOI'O n.qoqa' H6o 6e3 M eHS He M07KeTe aella'rb HHHerfm. , l7 rœ a6y pxe rbc
noaa ue '
oalxuo ccopuvscx, uo gsla.s npuseawussa xo 1. tcck thrcuqh t:e Iists cf wcrds belnw acd match thcse which are cppcsite in. Jj '
BceMhy. meaninq.8. ffl-lpHaH're xo M He, Bce 'rppxaalomHecl H o6peMezleHHsle, H 51 ycnoxolo N
ounnBachh.
i
umwuige j: chastity gentleness2. Give examiles cf the sins which criginate fmm the seven deadly sins
. Put dnwn ' courage pride diligenceyctlr examples intc the chart helnw. The fifst examples are dcne fcr ycu. s10t11 promiscuity cowardice 1i
humility ignorancerougmessDeadly sins Derived sins
,'
ride hatred, cruelts unsrgiveness it Verbs:p
Covetousness ! jst submit b1eSSt resi hllmble Persecute exaltlust '.'
, 1. I 'Cnvy( Adjectives: I
gluttony(t ) meek Presllmptuous. covetous( -. anger
enerous) brave joyful g ,sloth despondent cowardly
I
248 249
i .
;2. ccmplete the sentences nsinj lhe wnrds frcm the bnx. 1, 1V. FclI0w-Up Activities
h* Get ready to discuss the following questions in class:evil m agic lust cowardly witchcraft resist
Perish exalt persecute endure slander - which vi> es you'd like to have and which are the hardest for you to
acquire;' - whlch sins seem the most loathsome to you and which are the hardest1
. The main themes of the play were love, hatred and .. . . ' s
r you to struggle with.2. He was too . . . to say what he meant. '3. They seem to think they are much better than anyone else
, but they don't . w rite a composition aboat the parts of the Christian ethical teach-really have any right to . . . themselves. jng which impress you most.4
. Throughout his career he was motivated by a .. . for power.
5. The thought of his ex-wife being married again was more tha1 he could ... . j.EssoN B. PRACTICE TEST6. Locally the tribe was known for its violence
, superstition and . . . .7. It's been discovered that the teachers are a11 members of a group that
Read the texts and answer the luesticns fnllnwlng them.practices black . .. on the children.
,8 FOr centuries these people have been .. . because of their religion. X. The PJFJK' ofthe Vvlf/f Jxd the F/rd.g (Mdtthew 13:24-30)9 W C SIIZII . . . any Changes that threaten out faith
. 24 Another parable He put forth to them, saying: 'l'f'he kingdom of heav-10. lf you don't follow Christ's commandments your soul will
... . ' en is like a man who sowed good seed in his lield:
11 Some people say that money is the root of al1 . .. . 25 tçbut while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the
1 WIICZ Zlz WCIV 11iS WZX3 YOOSYY these Selltentes illto English tlsing the vncahulary nf the text 26 KtBut when the grain had sprouted and produced a crop, then the tares
also appeared.1. 3arlocneauee Bpem 681.110 o'rwfeHeHo ysellHqelme Hucnanpecmywtenuû, 27 txso the servants of the owner came and said to him
, tsir, did you notcBJI3aHHblx c yrlorrpe6zleHueM HapxoTHxos. d seed in your seld? How then does it have tares'?'sow goo2. CMupeuue He o'rHocHerc.q Ic qHczly ero ao6poaeTeaeii, oll oqeus ropa H 28 xxHe said to them, EAII enemy has done this.' The servants said to him, !ctutonaèeau. too you want us then to go and gather them up'?' '3. OH copxarlee'r, qTo npHqullltrl saM Talcylo cepseauylo o6uèy
. 29 usut he said, tNo, lest while you gather up the tares you also uproot4. K leqema H mallrrapx JIBJIJIIOTCJI cpeacTBaMH, xoTopsle IIOJIHTHXM Hcrloza- the wheat with them .
y 13yIoT B0 BpeMs H36MpaTeJ1bHOii KaMHaHHM. 30 tlaet both grow together until the harvest, and at the time of harvest a '6
. BeaHoc'a Relmxa 6bI.r1a cepse3HblM npenxmcmeue.M aqrl Hx 6paxa. . will say to the reapers, t'First gather together the tares and bind them in bun-7
. Hecxozluo HHHOBHMKOS 61,1JIH o6BHHeHbI Bo exmoquuqecmce. dles to btu'n them, but gather the wheat into my barn.''. I8. FOPABIHS - CaMblii om6pamumellbnbtll H3 YICJIOBeIICCKHX IW XOB. y g yy kx x jg ! '9
. OHa CTZPZJIZCB nooa6M m b HHCTHHKTHBHYIO HeIIPIUDHS, KOTOPM fI0- #. LCRTMS Xlxdd/oxl thC Xd/d (John 11.* A ' *- ' ' 'e ve ' 'z i
SRIIZZCS V IICC X 3T0MX VCZOBCW . 17 So when JeSUS Cam ey HC found that he had already been in the tomb1 0
. M I,l pettllu H ne cêflsf/zahcx, xou o6cTorenbcrrsa 6sIJIH He B Hamy j four days.
UXYU 1 18 N0W Bethany WaS near Jerastllemy about tW0 miles away.11. M BCCTHO, qTO npoWll4ttan KOrO-JlH60, BbI HaM eKaeTe HeCIIaCTBS Ha Ce6J1.
'
19 And many Of the Jews had joined the women arolmd Martha and12. Hesow oxœo 6BIJIo npom ugocmoxm s o6axymfo aw ro Mezlosexa
, He- '
M aly to comfort them conceming their brother.CMWPX HR CFO JIIKHBOCW H TSIKCJIIH Xapalcep. 21 Then Martha, as soon as she heard that Jesus was coming, went and13. VenoBex, noaBeppxeHulalii ynunuw , Henpylr eH oxppxalomym. met Him, but Mary was sitting in the house.14
. Cm 3aMeHaHHJl O CTaBHJIH ee IIOKIYBCTBOBaTb Ce6S ynuiHcenHoû. 21 Then Martha said to Jesus, itord, if You had been here, my brother
l 5. YHHTeJII> cèeaaa cmpozuù sszat-t?' yueHylxaM 3a orloaaalme. would n0t have died.
!!250 251 I
<.
Y22 çtBut even now 1 know thatwhatever You ask of God
, God willive You-''g23 Jesus said to her, çfs'ottr brother will rise again.
''
24 M artha said to Him, çtI know that he will rise again in the resurrection
at the last day.''25 Jesus said to her, Et I am the resurrection arld the life. He who believedi
n Me, though he may die, he shall live.26 KW nd whoever lives and believes in M e shall never die
. Do you be-lieve this?''27 She said to Him , GtYes, Lord, 1 believe that You are the Christ, the Socof God, who is to come into the world.
''
38 Then Jesus, again groaning in Himself, came to the tomb. lt was acave, and a stone 1ay against it.
39 Jesus said, ûErl-ake away the stone.'' M artha, the sister of him who wasdead, said to Him, Gtord, by this time there is a stench, for he has been deadfolzr days.''
40 Jesus said to her, tr id 1 not say to you that if you would believe youwould see the glory of God?''
41 Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead manwas lying. And Jesus lifted up His eyes and said
, ETather, I thank You thatYou have heard M e.
42 GtAnd l know that You always hear Me, but because of the people who
are standing by I said this, that they may believe that You sent M e.''
43 Now when He had said these things, He cried with a loud voice, Gta-zaru ys com e forthl''
44 And he who had died came out bound hand and foot with grave-clothes, and his face was wrapped with a c10th
, Jesus said to them, tioosehim, atld 1et him go.
''
14-21)He saw a great multitude; and He was
moved with compassion for them , and healed their sick.15 W hen it was evening, His disciples came to Him, saying, <ç-l-his is adeserted place, and the hotlr is already late. Send the multitudes away
, thatthey may go into the villages and buy themselves food.''
16 But Jesus said to them, tvhey do not need to go away. You give them
som ething to eat''17 And they said to Him , çtW e have here only five loaves and hvo fish.''18 He said, çtBring them here to Me.''19 Then He commanded the multitudes to sit down on the grass
. And Hetook the Eve loaves and the two fsh, and looking up to heaven, He blessedand broke and gave the loaves to the disciples; and the disciples gave to themultitudes.
14 And when Jesus went outt): Feeding the Five Thousand (Matthew 14 :
20 So they a1l ate and were flled, and they took up twelve baskets ftlll ofl l1e fragments that remained.
21 Now those who had eaten were about five thousand men, besideswllmen and children.
Answer queslinns 1-3 by chnnsinj frcm the parls A-C.
W hich parable describes the following?l . The miracle made by Jesus in the desert to give a sign of Hispower to thousands of people present.
2. The miracle made by Jesus to show the possibility of people'sresurrection.
3. Christ will separate righteous people from sinners on his secondcoming.
2. Answer luestinns 1-9 abnut the parts A-C. Ycu may chccse an# 01 the partsmcre than once.
W hich part refers to the following?! . a man sowed corn in his feld2. one of Jesus's close friends was dead3. it is dangerous to try and weed the tares before the harvest4. Jesus speaks about the way to eternal life5. the food in the hands of the disciples did not come to an end6. Jesus was in great sorrow as he hated death as the devil's chiefwinning
7. Jesus thanked his Father before blessing the food8. Jesus healed the sick9. Jesus wants the people present to realise that he is the Son ofGod sent by Him to the Earth
3. Match the wcrds and phrases frcm texts (1-2) with their implied metaphnricalmeanings (a-i).
l . enemy2. harvest3. wheat4. tares5. the barn6. bread and :sh7. the five loaves8. sow good seeds9. burn the tares
a) the righteous peopleb) 1et people hear God's wordc) the devild) God's coming to judge peoplee) the sinners9 ptmish the sinnersg) the Kingdom of Heavenh) the symbols of God's power over land and wateri) the Mercy of God which will never exhaust itself
253
29 Swan, M The Cambridge Course 2 / M . Swan, C. Walter. Cambridgc UnivcrsityLITEM TURE 'l'rcss, 1975.
The Cambridge Colzrse 2 / M . Swan, C. Walter. Cambridge Univcrsity30. Swan, M
l'rcss, 1990.1 Abbs, B. Authentic English for Reading 3 / B. Abbs, V. Cook. Oxford Universi? 31. The Holy Bible. New King James Version. Thomas Nelson Publisher, 1982..Pressy 1987. 32. The New Testament. Mccord's New Testament Translation. Copyright, l 988 by
2. Berridge, K. M adame Tussaud's: A Life in Wax / K. Benidge. New York, 2006, ' l/red Hardeman College.3. WmNo /, M A11 about the USA. A Cultural Reader / M . Broukal, P. Murphy. 33. The Times Samrday Review. August, 1992.
Longman Publishing Group, 199 1. 34. The Times Sattlrday Review. June, 1992.4. Burgesso S. First Certiscate Gold / S. Burgess. Longman, 1996. 35. Us News, July 15-225. Butgea, S. GO1d exam maximizer advanced / S. Burgess, R. Acklam. Harlow 36. Amulu. L.: Balding, Mansell, 1990, NB.
PCarson Education Limitedy 2002.6 Carten Jimmy. National Geographic, 2000 @ 1). . E7. Crèps, Elizabeth W. GCSE / A. Cripps Elizabeth. English Longman Group IJK
Ltd, 1999.8. Fowle6 WS. Synthesis. Intermediate / W.S. Fowler, j. Pidcock. Nelson. 1991.9. Fried-Booth, Diana L. First Certifcate Practice Tests Plus 2 / Diana L. Fried.
800th. Harlow Pearson Education Limited, 2003.10. Fyfe, R. Reading Strategies and their Assessment / R. Fyfe, E. Mitchell. - NEER. '
Nelson Publishing Company, 1985.11. Greenhall, S. Reading 3 / S. Greenhall, D. Pye. Cambridge University Press, 1992.12. Haines, S. I S. Haines, B. Steward. LMIIIMaJK 2002. ' 'l3. Harmez .f Meridian Plus 3. Upper lntermediate / J. Harmer, S. Elsworth. Long- '
man, 1991.14. Hartly B. Streamline English. Book 3 / B. Hartly, P. Viney. Oxford University
Press, 1984l 5. Harvey R. Britain Explored l R. Harvey, R. Jones. L., 1992.16. Herriot, .1 A1l things Bright and Beautiful / J. Herriot. L., 1978.17. Horan, J! Shakespeare: A Life / P. Horan. Oxford University Press, 1998.18. Maugham, WS. n eatre / W .S. Maugham. M ., 1979.19. Maugham, WS. The Painted Veil / W.S. Maugham. M., 198 1 .20. McGee, A. Read to Write Well /A. McGee. Akademifbrlaget, 1995.21. O 'Connel, S. First Certiscate for the Revised Exam / S. O'Connel. Long-
man, 1999.22. O 'Connel, S. CAE Practice Tests with Guidance / S. O'Connel. Pearson Edu-
cation Limited, 1999.23. O 'Neil, K. Success at First Certifcate. Practice Tests 1 with Key / O'Neil K. (et
a1.1. Oxford University Press, 1991. ,24. Reader 's Digest. L., 1992.25. Ru&ke, B. The Words You Need / B. Rudzke, J. Chanell, Y Dutseys. Pearson
Education L'l*D, 2000. '26. Steel, D. Bittersweet / D. Steel. New York, 199927. Stevenson, R.L. The Treasure Island / R.L. Stevenson. M., 1972.28. Swan, M Inside Meaning / M. Swan. Cambridge University Press, 1975.
254
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