De s form2013_wuxi_steffen.ppt

Luzern

Gebäudetechnik Dr. Daniel Müller Leiter Weiterbildung

T direkt +41 41 349 34 93 [email protected]

Oktober 3, 2013

The interplay of design prac3ce and design research

Dr. Dagmar Steffen Research Fellow/ Lecturer T direct +41 41 248 61 74 [email protected] DeSForM 2013 - Seminar „Design for Research“ Jiangnan University Wuxi

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2, Oktober 3, 2013

Problem

•  gap between “theory“ and “prac0ce” in design

theory prac3ce

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3, Oktober 3, 2013

Problem

“… the design culture … did not form through an ongoing interplay of prac0ce and detached reflec0on.”

Richard Buchanan, 1990

“… a tense rela0on between theory and praxis”: theory that fulfilled its role as delighDul aEer-‐dinner conversa0on, … with very liHle use value or exchange value for prac00oners. Gui Bonsiepe, 1997

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The tradi0onal PhD

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5, Oktober 3, 2013

Doctoral disserta3on instruc3ons, Aalto University

“In the field of art and design, a disserta0on can also include

an art produc0on, a series of art produc0ons meaningfully

connected to each other, or a product development project.

A wriHen thesis forming a part of the disserta0on has to be

in a dialogic and analy0c rela0on to the art produc0ons or

product development project ... “

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6, Oktober 3, 2013

Doctoral thesis (Doctor of Arts) at the Aalto University Ou0 Turpeinen „A Meaningful Museum Object. Cri7cal visuality in cultural history museum exhibi7ons“ (2005)

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7, Oktober 3, 2013

Doctoral thesis (Doctor of Arts) at the Aalto University Nithikul Nimkulrat „Paperness. Expressive Material in Tex7le Art from an Ar7st's Viewpoint“ (2009)


Problem “AEer all, physicist researchers do physics, chemist researchers do chemistry and so design researchers should design.” Owain Pedgley, n.d.

“… under certain circumstances, prac0ce may form a part of a PhD study either through being structured as a method for collec0ng data systema0cally or as a means to allow structured reflec0on upon prac0ce .”

David Durling, 2002

Further posi0ons

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9, Oktober 3, 2013

Ques3ons

•  contribu0on of the design project … to new iii knowledge and insight ?

•  role of the objects or the doing & making in iiischolarly research (not ar0s0c research) ? •  rela0on between theory and prac0ce ?

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„design-oriented ≠ „research-oriented research“ design“

(Fällman 2004)

“Designing for research”

Fällman, Daniel In Romance with the Materials of Mobile lnterac7on Disserta0on Umea University 2004.

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11, Oktober 3, 2013

Hypothesis

•  design project resp. the doing & making in iiidesign-‐oriented research has similari0es to iiiexperiments in the exact sciences …


“Any one-‐sided view of experiment is certainly wrong.”

Ian Hacking

Hacking, Ian, Represen7ng and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.


“Any one-‐sided view of experiment is certainly wrong.”

-‐  hypothesis-‐ and theory-‐tes0ng experiments

-‐  induc0ve approaches, star0ng with a remarkable observa0on

-‐ ‘happy mee0ngs’ of experiment and theory

-‐  prac0cal inven0ons, that gradually lead to theore0cal analysis

Ian Hacking

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“SMART SEMANTICS: Product seman7cs of smart clothes”

CC Products & Tex0les, HSLU

Case example 1

Steffen, Dagmar; Adler Francoise & Weber-‐Marin, Andrea Designing Smart Clothes for the User. Product Seman0cs for Smart Clothes, Swiss Design Network Conference (SDN) Mul7ple Ways, Lugano, 2009 Adler, Francoise; Weber-‐Marin, Andrea & Steffen, Dagmar Smart Seman0cs. Product Seman0cs of Smart Clothes. IASDR Conference Seoul, 2009. .

Folie Smart Semantics"

crea3ve-‐ar3s3c level

func3onal surplus

Lifestyle, Fun

Sports/ Leisure

Lifestyle, Fun

Sports/ Wellness

Business

Healthcare

Fashion, Art Healthcare

Lifestyle, Fun

Q1 Q2

Q3 Q4

Smart Seman0cs

fashion

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-‐ hypothesis-‐tes0ng experiment on the seman0c expression of Smart Clothes -‐ design of products according to the hypothesis -‐  focus group discussions on models and sketches -‐  analysis of the data -‐  reassessment of the hypothesis and conclusions on user preferences

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“Absorp7on of design management capabili7es in SMEs with liPle or no prior design experience”

CC Design & Management

Case example 2

Acklin, Claudia, The Absorp0on of Design Management Capabili0es in SMEs with LiHle or No Prior Design Experience. Making Design MaHer. Nordes Conference, Helsinki, 2011 Acklin, Claudia & Steffen, Dagmar, Designgetriebene Innova7on. Konzepte, Methoden, Fallbeispiele, Tools für Prak7kerinnen und Prak7ker. Interact, Lucerne 2012.

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Pelle0zing plant, Bioburn AG Delamina0on plant, Studer Maschinenbau

Sidebord, Alpnach Norm AG Steam shower, Vaporsana AG

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Framework: Learning and absorp7on process of design management capabili7es in SMEs

step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4 step 5

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Interplay of theory and prac3ce

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D E S I G N P R O J E C T

H Y P O T H E S E S, T H E O R Y

Mäkelä, Maarit, Framing a prac0ce-‐led research project, in: The art of research, Aalto University Helsinki 2006.

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Gap between theory and prac3ce

21

D E S I G N P R O J E C T

H Y P O T H E S E S, T H E O R Y

Exhibition 3

Exhibition 2

Exhibition 1

Chapter 3

Chapter 2

Chapter 1

Research

Question 2

Research

Question 1

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22, Oktober 3, 2013

Hypothesis

•  design project resp. the doing & making in iiidesign-‐oriented research has similari0es to iiiexperiments in the exact sciences …

… but also profound differences

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Claim of validity

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Artefacts: •  „by products“ of scien0fic research iiii à object has an instrumental value

and/ or

•  „final products“ of design work iiii iiii à object in its own right

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Theses

•  Prac0ce-‐led design research contributes to bridging the gap between theory and prac0ce

•  Design prac0ce (i.e. the doing and making and / or the artefact) can contribute to various kinds of new (scien0fic) knowledge and insights

•  Including prac0cal / physical doing and making in scien0fic research is not a new prac0ce

24, Oktober 3, 2013

Conclusions


References Mäkelä, Maarit, (2006) Framing a prac0ce-‐led research project, in:Mäkelä, Maarit & Routarinne, Sara, The art of research, Aalto University Helsinki.

Nithikul Nimkulrat (2009) Paperness. Expressive Material in Tex7le Art from an Ar7st's Viewpoint, . Doctoral Disserta0on Aalto University, Helsinki .

Pedgley, Owain et al. (n.d.).The framing of a prac0ce-‐based Ph.D. in design. Core 77 Research Web Page. hHp://www.core77.com/research/thesisresearch.html

Steffen, Dagmar; Adler Francoise & Weber-‐Marin, Andrea (2009) Designing Smart Clothes for the User. Product Seman0cs for Smart Clothes, Swiss Design Network Conference (SDN) Mul7ple Ways, Lugano,.

Steffen, Dagmar (2012) Praxisintegrierende Designforschung und Theoriebildung, Doctoral Disserta0on University of Wuppertal.

Steffen, Dagmar (2013) Characteris0cs and interferences of experiments in science, the arts and in design research, Nordes Conference, Copenhagen/ Malmö.

Turpeinen, Ou0 (2005) A Meaningful Museum Object. Cri7cal visuality in cultural history museum exhibi7ons. Doctoral Disserta0on Aalto University, Helsinki

Turpeinen, Ou0 (2006). The Interplay of Art and Research. In:Mäkelä, Maarit & Routarinne, Sara, The art of research, Aalto University Helsinki.

Acklin, Claudia (2011) The absorp0on of design management capabili0es in SMEs with liHle or No prior design experience. Making Design MaHer. Nordes Conference, Helsinki, 2011.

Acklin, Claudia & Steffen, Dagmar (2012) Designgetriebene Innova7on. Konzepte, Methoden, Fallbeispiele, Tools für Prak7kerinnen und Prak7ker. Interact, Lucerne 2012.

Adler, Francoise; Weber-‐Marin, Andrea & Steffen, Dagmar, Smart Seman0cs. Product Seman0cs of Smart Clothes, IASDR Conference Seoul, 2009.

Bonsiepe, Gui (1997). On the tense rela0on between theory and praxis. In: formdiskurs, Journal on design and theory, No. 2. (Vol. 1), p. 6-‐21.

Buchanan, Richard (1990). Myth and maturity: Toward a new order in the decade of Design. In: Design Issues, Nr. 2, Vol 6, p. 70-‐80.

Durling, David (2002) Discourse on research and the PhD in Design. In: Quality Assurance in Educa7on, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 79-‐85.

Fällman, Daniel (2004) In Romance with the Materials of Mobile lnterac7on, Disserta0on Umea University 2004

Hacking, Ian,(1983) Represen7ng and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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De s form2013_wuxi_steffen.ppt