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C:- Commonly O:- operatedM:- machineP:- particularlyU:- used inT:- tradeE:- education &R:- research
Aise machine jo amtor par vyapar, shiksha or khoj me prayog hoti hai
Computer in past/generations of computer
Features • Vaccum tubes were used
• Slow processing speed
• Large amount of heat
• Unreliable results
• Low level languages
• Maintenance problems
• Air-conditioning was necessary
COMPUTER MEMORYByte:-
1 byte 1 akshar hota hai
wo ya to koi number ho skte hai koi letter ho sakta hai ya koi symbol ho sakta hai
1 byte 8 bits(binary digit) se banta hai
Bits hamseha 0 or 1 ki form me hota hai
Bit sabse smallest unit hoti hai jiskocomputer process krta hai
• 1 Byte:- 8 bits
• 1 Kilo bytes(kb):- 1024 bytes
• 1 Megabytes (Mb):- 1024 kb
• 1 gigabyte(Gb):- 1024mb
• 1 terabytes(Tb):- 1024gb
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
• MACHINE LANGUAGE
• Computer sidha machine language kosamajhti hai.
• Isko first generation language bhi kehte hai
• Ye language binary digits(0 and 1) kosamajhti hai
• Machine par nirbhar hoti hai
• 0 or 1 ko yad rkhna bahut mushkil hota hai
Assembly language• Isme hum chote naam,symbol or code use
krte hai
• Ye codes bhi yad rkhne bde mushkil hote hai
• In codes ko hum mnemonics kehte hai
• Is language me hum jama krne k liye A, tulnakrne k liye C, load krne k liye L or guna krne k liye M ka istemal kiya jata hai.
• Is language ko istemal krne k liye hameASSEMBLER name k programme ko computer me install krna padta hai.
High level languages• Machine par dependent nahi hoti
• Isko 3rd generation language b kehte hai
• Isme hum jama krne ke liye ADD, print krne k liye PRINT ka istemal krte hai
• Kuch languages guna krne k liye * or jamakrne k liye + ka use krti hai
• Isko chalane ke liye hume compiler yainterpreter ki zarurat padti hai
Operating system• Ye wo aadesh hota hai jo computer k sab
hardware ko control krta hai
• Jab hum computer start krte hai to operating system load ho jata hai or memory me memory me copy ho jata hai
• Jab hum computer par kaam krte hai to ossab hardware or software ko ek sath jod krkaam krwata hai
• Computer os ke bina kaam nahi kr skta hai
Examples:Windows
LinuxUnix
Mac OS
Application software• Kisi vishesh kaam krne k liye istemaal
kiye jaate hai
• Personal use
• Multimedia projects
• Business k liye
• Education k liye
BASIC SHORTCUTS
Home:- to move to the starting row
End :- to move to the ending row
Ctrl + home :- move to the starting page
Ctrl + end :- move to the end page
Pg up:- one page up
Pg down:- one page down
Ctrl + l:- left alignment
Ctrl + r:-right alignment
Ctrl +e :- center alignment
Ctrl +b : -bold
Ctrl + I :- italic
Ctrl + u:- underline
Shift+ arrow keys:- to select
ctrl+ a:- select all
Ctrl + c :- copy
Ctrl+ x:- cut
Ctrl + v:- paste
Ctrl + s:- save
Ctrl+ f :- find
Ctrl + n:- new file
Ctrl + o:- open
Ctrl z:- undo
Ctrl + y:- re do
Ctrl + alt + del:- open taskbar
alt + f4:- to close the document
Alt + shift:- minimize, restore and close
SHIFT + F3:- To change the alphabet type