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Cutting the trees of knowledge: Social
software, Information architecture and Their
epistemic consequences
Digitalization vs. Traditional Media
Internet– Provide an
interactive component
– Involve all interested people
– World Wide Web allows information to flow and forth
Radio, TV, Phone Radio, TV, Phone – information
flowing in one – direction only
– Support one –to – one communications
Print Press
Its inherent tendency to phrase the nature of information and knowledge in economic terms
Disadvantages – high economic cost – Printing press– Printing material– Disseminating
Problems of electronic media Author: the owner of information
Copyright: the ownership which had to be
judicially protected
Electronic publishing
Commercial publishers of scientific books and journals
Demands of scientific careers
Open Access Movement It is a social movement in academia,
dedicated to the principle of open access — — to information-sharing for the common good (Wikipedia).
Tracing its history at least to the 1960s, but became much more prominent in the 1990s with the advent of the Digital
Age (Wikipedia).
Open Access Movement
Debate of freedom of (scientific) information
All proponents agree:1. Removing price barriers (‘free as in
free beer’)2. Removing permission barriers
(‘free as in free speech’)
1. Social software integrates various aspects of group interaction
2. It is simple to use3. It enables, through its architecture,
groups to self-organize rather than have structure or organization
Social Software
Core: “Social”
arXiv: is an archive for electronic preprints of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, computer science, quantitative biology and statistics which can be accessed via the internet.
Social Software
Concrete or first-order beliefs are supplanted by metabeliefs
There is a shift from the knowledge of facts and direct acquaintance towards knowledge about beliefs
Downloadable beliefs
Downloadable beliefs
Wikipedia:1. It was a bottom-up challenge to
traditional encyclopedias
2. Not only offer and abstract and schematic overview of a topic but immediately give access to an incredibly fine-mazed, highly specialized
The social organization of knowledge production, storage, distribution boils down to a biological fundamental
Advantage: - time saving Idle human intelligence
Knowledge economy
Dewey Decimal Classification Universal Decimal Classification Library of Congress Subject
Classification
Cutting the trees of knowledge
Tagging (labeling):one creates an extra sphere of meta-data (the so-called ‘semantic web’), with the specific function of identifying, discovering, assessing, and managing the described entities.
e.g. blog posting
Classification
Folksonomies: help expand our understanding
by showing the overlap between many related concepts and how they merge into the wealth of social practices that give them meaning.
Classification
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