Mongolia International University

ComputersComputersTools for an information AgeTools for an information Age

Chapter 1Chapter 1

B.M.HB.M.H

PC assemble procedure

Computers MIU

ReviewReview

A computer is a device that A computer is a device that 1) accepts ( )1) accepts ( )

2) ( ) data, 2) ( ) data,

3) ( ) data, 3) ( ) data,

4) and produces ( )4) and produces ( )

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Computer SystemComputer System’’s Basic s Basic Components Components

HardwareHardware NetworkNetwork InternetInternet

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What is a computer?What is a computer?

In von NeumannIn von Neumann’’s s paperpaper

Computer : a device Computer : a device that that 1) accepts input, 1) accepts input,

2) processes data, 2) processes data,

3) stores data, 3) stores data,

4) and produces 4) and produces output.output.

output device

Input device

memory device

Control, Operating

device

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Computer SystemComputer System

ProcessingData Information

Storage

Input Output

The procedure from input to outputThe procedure from input to output Is directed by the software Is directed by the software performed by the hardwareperformed by the hardware

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Computer SystemComputer System

HardwareHardware The equipment associated with a The equipment associated with a

computer systemcomputer system

SoftwareSoftware A set of instructionsA set of instructions

Which tells the hardware what to do Referred to as Referred to as programsprograms

People People Use the power of the computerUse the power of the computer

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What is the Hardware?What is the Hardware?

The physical components of the The physical components of the computercomputer

The pieces we can pick up and touchThe pieces we can pick up and touch

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HardwareHardware

The hardware of The hardware of four aspectsfour aspects of computer system of computer system

Processor (CPU)

input output

storage

Input device Output device

Secondary storage

Processing

Memory

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HardwareHardware

To function, computer system To function, computer system ; Four main aspects of ; Four main aspects of data handlingdata handling:: Input Input Processing Processing Output Output StorageStorage

The hardwareThe hardware is responsible for these is responsible for these four areasfour areas Input Input devicedevice ProcessProcessoror ((CPU: Central Processing Unit)CPU: Central Processing Unit) Output Output devicedevice StorageStorage (secondary storage) (secondary storage)

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Your PC HardwareYour PC Hardware

Input DevicesInput DevicesProcess & MemoryProcess & MemoryOutput DevicesOutput DevicesSecondary StorageSecondary Storage

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Input devicesInput devices

accept data or commands in a form that the accept data or commands in a form that the computer can usecomputer can use

send the data or commands to the processing send the data or commands to the processing unitunit

Some common ways of input to the systemSome common ways of input to the system Typing : keyboardTyping : keyboard Pointing : mousePointing : mouse Scanning : wand reader, bar code reader, scannerScanning : wand reader, bar code reader, scanner

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Computers MIU

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Flatbed scannerSheetfed scanner

handheld scanner

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ProcessorProcessor

: : Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit (CPU) (CPU) Consists of electronic circuits Consists of electronic circuits

that interpret and execute program that interpret and execute program instructions.instructions.

Communicates with the input, output Communicates with the input, output and storage devices.and storage devices.

Actually transforms Actually transforms datadata into into informationinformation

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ProcessorProcessor

bus bus PIN PIN

Microprocessor

AGP

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Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus Is used for slow-speed devices such as the

mouse and modem

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus A high-speed bus used to connect devices

such as hard disks and network cards

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Designed to provide a dedicated connection

between memory and an AGP graphics card

ProcessorProcessor

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Intel Pentium IV Processor

Intel Pentium IV Processor

AMD Processor

AMD Processor

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MemoryMemory

Known as Known as primary storageprimary storage.. Holds the data only temporarily.Holds the data only temporarily. Holds the programs (computer Holds the programs (computer

instructions) needed by the CPU.instructions) needed by the CPU. RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory)ROM (Read Only Memory)

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Output devicesOutput devices

Show people the processed Show people the processed data(information) in understandable data(information) in understandable and usable formand usable form

The most common ones : monitor, The most common ones : monitor, printerprinter

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Computers MIU

Inkjet Printer Laser Printer Dot-matrix Printer

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StorageStorage

Usually Usually secondary storagesecondary storage.. Can store data and programs outside of Can store data and programs outside of

the computer itself.the computer itself.

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Secondary StorageSecondary Storage

Magnetic diskMagnetic disk Diskette, hard disksDiskette, hard disks Disk drives : Disk drives : devices to read disk data devices to read disk data

Optical diskOptical disk CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMsCD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs Uses a laser beam to read large volumes of data Uses a laser beam to read large volumes of data

relatively inexpensivelyrelatively inexpensively Magnetic tape (for backup purpose)Magnetic tape (for backup purpose)

reel tapereel tape, , cartridge tape cartridge tape Tape drives Tape drives

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3.5” Disket 5.25” Disket

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Complete HW SystemComplete HW System

Peripheral EquipmentPeripheral Equipment The hardware devices The hardware devices

that are attached to the computer Includes all input, output and Includes all input, output and

secondary storage devicesecondary storage device

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Peripheral EquipmentPeripheral Equipment

In most computerIn most computer The CPU and disk drives : in the same The CPU and disk drives : in the same

housing, a metal casehousing, a metal case The keyboard, mouse, and monitor : The keyboard, mouse, and monitor :

separateseparate In larger computer systemIn larger computer system

The input, processing, output, and storage The input, processing, output, and storage functions functions

May be separate rooms, separate buildings, or even separate countries

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NetworkNetwork

InternetInternet

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NetworkNetwork

A system that uses communications equipment A system that uses communications equipment to connect computers and their resourcesto connect computers and their resources Resources : printers, hard disks, software and dataResources : printers, hard disks, software and data

A collection of computers and other devices A collection of computers and other devices that communicate to share data, HW, and SW.that communicate to share data, HW, and SW.

TypesTypes Local Area Network (LAN) : in a building or campusLocal Area Network (LAN) : in a building or campus Wide Area Network (WAN) : across the countryWide Area Network (WAN) : across the country

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InternetInternet

Called simply Called simply ““the Netthe Net”” Inter (among) + NetworkInter (among) + Network

Small networks : a few computer within a Small networks : a few computer within a building building

Larger networks : connections across the Larger networks : connections across the countrycountry

Internet : Internet : the worldthe world’’s largest computer networks largest computer network connections for millions of computers all over the

globe. Connects users to the worldwideConnects users to the worldwide Provides many information servicesProvides many information services

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What to do through the What to do through the Internet?Internet?

Gathering InformationGathering Information Searching for the informationSearching for the information Downloading a Free Trial ProgramDownloading a Free Trial Program Reading the News on the InternetReading the News on the Internet Internet ShoppingInternet Shopping Playing the Music, VideosPlaying the Music, Videos Chatting with other people in real Chatting with other people in real

timetime Sending and receiving electronic Sending and receiving electronic

mail mail