COMPO2

Introduction to Information System

Information System

Is any combination of information Technology and people’s activities using that technology to support operations, management.

In other words, IS is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology

Components of IS

1. Management Information System

It is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively.(resources such as technology, information and people)

2. Decision Support System

Is a computer based information system that supports business or organizational decisional activities.

DSS serves as the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance.

DSS includes knowledge based systems.

(ex. Inventories, Comparative sales, projected revenues)

3. Executive Information System

Is a type of MIS intended to facilitate and support information and decision-making needs of senior executives.

Considered as specialized form of DSS.

4. Transaction Processing System

It collects, stores, modifies and retrieves transactions of an organization.

WEB or the WWW

It is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.

With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks

**hypertext is a text displayed on a computer with references to other text that reader can immediately access usually by a mouse click

**hyperlink is a reference to a document that reader can directly follow or followed automatically. It points out the whole document or to specific element within a document.

(hypertext is a text with hyperlink)

Surfing the Web

Surfing is the term used to denote the navigating around different websites.

1. In order to surf the Web, you need a web browser, a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the WWW.

Popular web Browser

Internet explorer – 36.3%

Firefox – 24.1%

Chrome – 18.2%

Safari – 10.7%

Opera – 4.4%

Android – 1.7%

As of aug. 2011

Once you have a web browser, you must ensure that your internet connection are established well.

Then, you may now launch your web browser

Type the complete URL address of a site into the address bar of your web browser.

Then navigate it through hyperlinks and address bar.

Client VS server

Client is an application or system that accesses a service made available by the server whereas

Server is a computer program running to serve request of other programs – the client

They are connected via a network

Together they called

Client-server architecture

Website

A collection of interrelated web pages containing images, videos or other assets.

It is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via network such as internet through URL.

Components of website

HTML

- For the content

CSS

- For the design

Javascript

- For the interaction

PHP

- For the dynamic web pages

Web page

Is a document or information resource that is suitable for the WWW and can be accessed through a web browser.

It is composed of an HTML tags

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

Universal Resource Locator

It is a character string that specifies where a known resource is available on the internet and the mechanism for retrieving it.

Searching the web

It means the user will try to access their needed information through web

Web gives millions of results in just few seconds

User use different search engines for web searching

Popular Search Engine

Google 150 M Yahoo 137 M Bing 80 M ASK 60 M Teotama 9M Duck Duck Go 198K Entire Web 123K Blekko 120K Scrub the web 58K Gigablast 29K

Some ethical issues in web

Protection of intellectual property

Prevention of fraud

Protection of freedom of expression versus problems of defamation

Protection of privacy

control of spamming

What is HTML?

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

It is a language for describing web pages

It is not programming language, it is mark up language

Mark up language is a set of mark up tags

It uses mark up tags to describe web pages

It is invented by Tim Berners- Lee in 1989

Application needed in creating HTML

Internet Browser

HTML editor

A graphic program

HTML tags

These are the keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>

Usually tags come in pair like <b> and </b>

The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end

Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML example

<html>

<head>

<title> hello </title></head>

<body>

Hello

</body>

</html>

Hello

Parts of HTML tag

<html> - tells the web browser on the type of the document

<head> - technical information about the document is stated

<title> - gives the document a name

<body> - where the actual documents are places

Basic formatting tags

<b> bold</b> - to make the text bold

<strong> </strong> - also for bold

<u> </u> - for underline

<i> </i> - for italic

<em> </em> - also for emphasis

<strike> </strike> - for strike through

<center> </center> - to align text in center

<tt> </tt> - for teletype text

<h1> </h1> to <h6> </h6>-

for heading

<br>

for breaking lines

<pre> </pre>

preformatted text

Preserves spacing



subscript



superscript

HTML elements

Html elements starts with a start tag / opening tag

Html elements starts with a end tag and closing tag

The element content is everything between the start and end tag

Some html elements have empty content

HTML comments

It makes html codes to make it more readable and understandable

It is ignored by the browser and are not displayed

<!---this is a comments ----->

Paragraph tags

HTML documents are divided into paragraphs

This is defined with <p> and </p>

it has one attribute which is align

Example : <p align = “right/center/left”> sample paragraph</p>