Isolating Clove Oilfrom Cloves Using Steam Distillation

Definition

- Distillation of two immiscible compounds is called a codistillation.

- When one of the compound is water, it is called steam distillation.

- Dalton’s Law.

- PT is not dependent on the mole fraction of each component (compare with Raoult’s Law PT = x1P1° + x2P2° for miscible compounds).

- Mixture will distill at a lower temperature than each compound’s boiling point.

- Advantage: steam distillation allows distillation of organic compounds with high boiling points to distill below 100 ºC avoiding decomposition.

Clove oil

Clove oil consists of several compounds such as eugenol (85-90%) and eugenol acetate (9-10%). Eugenol has a boiling temperature of 254 ºC.

Steam Distillation Set-Up

claisen adapter

rubber bands

stopper instead of thermometer

125 mL erlenmeyer flask

fill with H2O

mark level with marker

500 mL flask with boiling chip use a lab jack

Adding Cloves into the round bottom flask using the stemless funnel

Clove Powder in the Flask

Changes from the Lab ManualStep1 Use 10 grams of powdered cloves instead of 5 grams whole cloves.

Use 500 mL round bottom flask rather than 100 mL.

Use 125 ml erlenmeyer flask as a receiver instead of 50ml r.b.f.

Use a glass stopper instead of thermometer.

Collect 100 mL distillate instead of 30 ml.

Use a heating mantle instead of a bunsen burner or a hot plate.

Step 2 Use ether to extract the distillate rather than dichloromethane.

Remove ether by rotary evaporation.

Determine recovery% of eugenol. DO NOT dissolve eugenol in methanol!

Characterization: Omit

Finish up: One waste bottle is in the hood for ether / water waste.

Put clove powder in a paper towl and throw in the trash.

Next week - Convert eugenol to the ester derivative.

Don't forget:Don't forget: You need to finish your experiment from last week.

Final Notes