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Presentation given @ IEEE DEST 2013 - http://dest2013.digital-ecology.org/
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Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Closing the Loop-From Citizen Sensing to Citizen
ActuationDavid Crowley, Edward Curry, John
Breslin
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Citizen Sensors
“…humans as citizens on the ubiquitous Web, acting as sensors and sharing their observations and views…”
Sheth, A. (2009). Citizen sensing, social signals, and enriching human experience. Internet Computing, IEEE, 13(4), 87-92.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Citizen Actuators
Citizen actuation - the activation of a human being as the mechanism by which a control system acts upon the environment.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Sensing/Actuation
Citizen Sensing
Citizen Actuation
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Buildings account for 40% of the energy usage in the EU And approximately 35% of the Carbon Dioxide emissions
Building Management Systems (BMS) high cost to retrofit
BMS – can remove humans from the loop Pushing automation too far
Problem
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
New Smart Building
Cost - € 40,000,000
How Smart is it?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Legacy Building
DERI Building No BMS or BEMS 160 person Office
space Café Data centre 3 Kitchens 80 person Conference
room 4 Meeting rooms Computing museum Sensor Lab
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Sensors
9 of 26
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Challenges
Technology and Data Interoperability Data scattered among different systems Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use
Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, … Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities Embedding impacts within business processes Engaging Users
10
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Technology and Data Interoperability
Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data
2. Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can look them up on the Web
3. When a URI is looked up, return a description of the thing in a structured format (RDF)
4. Include links to related things to provide context
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Challenges
How can Cyber Physical Social Systems (CPSS) aid in Energy Management? Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities Embedding impacts within business processes Engaging Users
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
Data collection from Experiment Area
14 control weeks (70 days) 4 experiment weeks (20 days) 15 participants
8 actuation requests were sent (to 7 randomly chosen participants)
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment Area
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Meeting Room B
Meeting Room A
Conference Room
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
Step 1: Detect patterns of high or unusual energy usage
Light turned on in rooms at night High energy use in meeting rooms without booking
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Experiment
Step 2: Tweet building occupants to check situation and take action
Turn off lights, heat, devices, etc
“Hi @username could you check if lights/air-con were left on in the 1st Floor North Wing please? And turn them off if possible. Thanks”
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
ResultsEnergy Usage Comparison
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Actuation Time)
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Weekly Averages)
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Results (Daily Averages)
23.86% Difference
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Open Issues
Emerging Web trends (linked data, web of things and social media) may provide the foundations for a lightweight approach to Cyber-Physical Social Systems
Research Challenges Investigating approach to complement existing CPSS Applicability on critical infrastructure Human Task Management for Energy Action Privacy Applicability in a more generic set-up
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Future Work
Help people to understand their energy usage
Feedback/Visualisation To easily allow users to see abnormal energy usage
Gamification Addition of game elements to add extrinsic motivation
Smart Cities From micro to macro use cases