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Classification of trees
Classification of trees
Conifers
Broadleaved trees
Needle-like leaves
Scale-like leaves
Compound leaves
Simple leaves
Classification of trees
Coniferous trees generally have narrow, hard
leaves that are known as scales or needles,
depending on their shape. Nearly all of them are
evergreen.
Conifers do not have true flowers; instead, they
produce cones.
Conifers with needle-like leaves
Pine Fir Cedar Yew
Pine (pinua/pino)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
Clusters of three
Type simple
Shape needle-like
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Pinus radiata
Fir (izeia/abeto)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape needle-like
Margin entire
Texture (Young)
smooth
older scaly
Scientific name: Abies alba
Cedar (zedroa/cedro)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
whorled
Type simple
Shape needle-like
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Cedros atlantica
Yew (hagina/tejo)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement alternate
Type simple
Shape needle-like
Margin entire
Texture Smoothpeeling
Scientific name: Taxux baccata
Conifers with scale-like leaves
Cypress Lawson Cypress
Cypress (nekosta/ciprés)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement whorled
Type simple
Shape scale-like
Margin entire
Texture
(When young)
smooth
(When older)
Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Cupressus sempervirens
Lawson cypress (Lawson altzifrea/ciprés de Lawson)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
opposite
Type simple
Shape scale-like
Margin
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Broadleaved trees with compound leaves
Serrate(scaly) Service tree(scaly) Elder(vertical cracking) Ash(smooth) Rowan
Horse chestnut
Entire(linear) Mimosa(ovate-lanceolate) Walnut(ovate) Black locust
Tree of heaven(lanceolate) Honey locust
Service tree (gurbe/ serbal)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound(up to 21 leaflets)
Shape lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Sorbus domestica
Elder (intsusa beltza/saúco)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound(5-7 leaflets up to 20 cm long)
Shape lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Sambucus nigra
Ash (lizarra/freno)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound(up to 13 leaflets, each 10 cm long)
Shape lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Fraxinus excelsior
Rowan (otsolizarra/serbal de los cazadores)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound(up to 15 leaflets)
Shape lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Sorbus aucuparia
Horse chestnut (indi gaztainondo/castaño de Indias)
Persistence decidouous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound (5-7 leaflets)
Shape lobed
Margin serrate
Scientific name: Aesculus hippocastanum
Texture
(When young)
smooth
(When older)
scaly
Mimosa (mimosa/mimosa)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement alternate
Type Compound25-40 pairs of leaflets)
Shape linear
Margin entire
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Acacia dealbata
When flowering in late winter
Walnut (intxaurrondo/nogal)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
Opposite
Type Compound(5-9 leaflets)
Shape Ovate/lanceolate
Margin entire
Texture (Young)
smooth
older vertical cracking
Scientific name: Juglans regia
Black locust (Sasiarkazia/falsa acacia)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type Compound(13-25 leaflets)
Shape ovate
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Robinia pseudoacacia
Tree of the heaven (ailantoa/ailanto)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Compound(15 or more pair of
leaflets)
Shape ovate
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Ailanthus altissima
Honey locust (akazia hiruarantza/acacia de tres púas)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Compound (10-17 pair of leaflets)
Shape lanceolate
Margin entire
Texture scaly
Scientific name: gleditsia triacanthos
Broadleaved trees with simple lobed leaves
Opposite Marple, Sycamore
Alternate(Smooth)
(entire/serrate) Fig tree(fan shape) Gingko
(smooth with diamonds) White poplar(peeling) London plante(Vertical cracking)
(entire) Oak, Tulip tree(serrate) Hawthorn
(Scaly) Sweet Gum
Marple (astigarra/arce)
Persistence decidious
Arrangement
opposite
Type Simple(up to 10 cm wide)
Shape star-shaped
Margin Lobed entire
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Acer campestre
Sycamore (astigar zuria/falso plátano)
Persistence decidious
Arrangement
opposite
Type simple (8-15 cm)
Shape star-shaped
Margin Lobed entire(3-5 lobes)
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Acer pseudoplatanus Note: Its leaves are very similar to those of the London plante's
Fig tree (pikondoa/higuera)
Persistence decidious
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (10-20 cm)
Shape ovate
Margin Lobed serrateLobed entire
(3-7 lobes)
Texture smooth
Scientific name: ficus carica
Ginkgo (ginkgo/ginkgo)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (5-10 cm)
Shape fan
Margin Lobed (2)/entire
Scientific name: Ginkgo biloba
Texture (Young)
smooth
older vertical cracking
White poplar (zurzuria/álamo blanco)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple(up to 10 cm long)
Shape star-shaped
Margin lobed sinuate(5-3 lobes)
Texture Smooth with diamonds
Scientific name: populus alba
London plante (platanondoa/plátano)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple(up to 20 cm long)
Shape star-shaped
Margin lobed
Texture peeling
Scientific name: platanus hispanica
Oak (haritza/roble)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovate
Margin Lobed/entire
Texture Vertical cracking/ scaly
Scientific name: Quercus robur
Tulip tree (idi-bihotz arbola/tulipero de Virginia)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple (7-12 cm)
Shape lobed (4 pointed lobes)
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Liriodentron tulipifera
Hawthorn (elorri zuria/espino albar)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple(up to 5 cm long)
Shape oval
Margin Lobed/serrate(3 or 5 lobes)
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Crataegus monogyna
Sweet gum (Likidanbar/liquidambar)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple(up to 15 cm long)
Shape star-shaped
Margin Lobed/serrate
Texture scaly
In autumnScientific name: Liquidambar styraciflua
Broadleaved trees with simple unlobed evergreen leaves
evergreen(scaly)
(lanciolate) Holm oak(ovate-lanciolate) Kermes oak
(smooth)(ovate) Magnolia(ovate toothed) Holly(lanceolate) Laurel
(peeling) Gum tree(vertical cracking) Privet, Olive tree(irregular vertical cracking) Cork oak
Holm oak (artea/encina)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple(up to 10 cm long)
Shape laceolate
Margin serrate/entire
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Quercus ilex
Kermes oak (abaritza/coscoja)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape Lanceolate/ovate
Margin serrate
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Quercus coccifera
Magnolia (magnolia lorandi/magnolia)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (10-20 cm)
Shape ovate
Margin entire
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Magnolia grandiflora
Holly (gorostia/acebo)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple
(6-8 cm)
Shape ovate
Margin Lobed/toothed
Texture smooth
Scientific name: ilex aquifolium
Laurel (ereinotz/laurel)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (3-9 cm)
Shape Ovatelanceolate
Margin entire
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Laurus nobilis
Gum tree (eukalipto/eucalipto)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
Opposite (young)
alternate
Type Simple (8-30 cm)
Shape lanceolate
Margin entire
Texture Peeling in curling strips
Scientific name: Eucalyptus globulus
Privet (beltzale/aligustre)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement opposite
Type simple (6-12 cm)
Shape ovate
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Ligustrum japonicum
Olive tree (olibondoa/olivo)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
opposite
Type simple
(3-9 cm)
Shape lanceolate
Margin entire
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Olea europaea
Cork oak (artelatza/alcornoque)
Persistence evergreen
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovate
Margin entire/serrate
Texture Irregular vertical cracking
Scientific name: Quercus suber
Broadleaved trees with simple unlobed deciduous leaves
Heart-shaped(Vertical cracking) Lime, Princess tree(Irregular vertical cracking) Poplar(scaly) Judas Tree
Ovate(serrate) Elm, Japanese cherry, Cherry plum(entire) Beech
Ovate /triangular Birch Round(smooth) Hazel(smooth with diamonds) Aspen(scaly) Alder
Lanceolate(Alternate)(Entire) Wipping willow(Vertical cracking) Chestnut
Lime/Linden (ezkia/tilo)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovateheart-shaped
Margin serrate
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Tilia cordata
Princess-tree (paulownia/paulonia tomentosa)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
opposite
Type simple (13-25 cm)
Shape heart-shaped
Margin entire
Scientific name: Paulownia tomentosa
Texture (Young)
smooth
older vertical cracking
Poplar (makala/chopo)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovateheart-shaped
Margin serrate
Texture irregular vertical cracking
Scientific name: Populus nigra
Judas tree (amodio-zuhaitz/árbol del amor)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple (7-12 cm)
Shape heart-shaped
Margin entire
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Cercis siliquastrumIn spring
Elm (zumarra/olmo)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovate
Margin serrate
Texture Vertical craking
Scientific name: Olmus minor
Japanese Cherry (gereziondo japoniar/ciruelo japonés)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovate, lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Prunus serrulataIn spring
Cherry plum (gerezi-aranondoa/ciruelo de Pisardi)
Persistence decidous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (2-7 cm)
Shape ovate
Margin serrate
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Prunus cerasifera Pissardii
Beech (pagoa/haya)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape ovate
Margin entire
Texture smooth
Scientific name: fagus sylvatica
Birch (urkia/abedul)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape Ovate/triangular
Margin serrate
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Betula pendula
Hazel (hurritza/avellano)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape round
Margin serrate
Texture smooth
Scientific name: Corylus avellana
Aspen (lertxun/chopo temblón)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type Simple (3-8 cm)
Shape round/ovate
Margin sinuate
Texture Smooth with diamonds
Scientific name: Populus tremula
Alder (haltza/aliso)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape round
Margin serrate
Texture scaly
Scientific name: Alnus glutinosa
Weeping willow (zume negartia/sauce llorón)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple (8-16 cm)
Shape Lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Salix babylonica
Chestnut (gaztainondoa/castaño)
Persistence deciduous
Arrangement
alternate
Type simple
Shape lanceolate
Margin serrate
Texture Vertical cracking
Scientific name: Castanea sativa