A) Lower():-:Returns Character with all letters in

O/P-:

Lowercase.

Syn-:Lower(char)

Ex-:Select Lower(‘ORACLE’) “Lower case” from dual;

oracle

B) Upper():

-:Return Character with all letters in upper case

Syn-: Upper(case)

EX-:select Upper(‘oracle’)”Upper case” from Dual;

O/P-: ORACLE

C) Initcap():

-:Return char with the first letter of each word in

uppercase,all other letters in uppercase.

Syn-: Initcap(char)

Ex-:select Initcap(‘oracle’)”capital” from Dual;

O/p-: Oracle

D) Substr():

-: Return the mid character

Syn-: Substr(<string>,<start-position>,<length>)

EX-: select Substr(‘substring’,3,4)”Substring” from Dual;

O/P-: bstr

E) Instr():

-:Returns the location of a substring in a string.

Syn-:Instr(char1,char2[,n[,m]])

EX-:select Instr(‘corporate Floor’,’or’,3,2) from Dual;

O/P-: 14

f) Lpad():

Syn-:Lpad(char1,n,[,char2])

Syn-: select Lpad(‘Atmiya’,10,’*’)”LPAD” from Dual;

****AtmiyaO/P-:

G) Rpad():

Syn-: Rpad(char1,n[,char2])

EX-:select Rpad(‘Atmiya’,10,’*’)”RPAD” from Dual;

O/P-: Atmiya****

H) Vsize():

-:Return the number of bytes in internal represention

EX-:Select Vsize(‘Welcome to Atmiya)”Size” from Dual;

O/P-: 17

of an expression.

I) Translate():

-:Replaces a sequence of character in a string with

other set of character.

Syn-:Translate(<string1>,<start_to_replace>,

EX-:select Translate(‘Atmiya12’,’12’,’ta’) “Translate

O/P-: Atmiyata

<replacement_string>)

change”from Dual;

J) Length():

-:Return the length of a word.

Syn-:Length(word)

EX-:select length(‘Sarvanaman’)”Length of Word”from Dual;

O/P-: 10

K) Ltrim():

-:Remove the charcter from the left side of char.

Syn-:Ltrim(char[,set])

Ex-:select ltrim(‘Atmiya’,’A’)”Ltrim” from Dual;

O/P-: tmiya

L) Rtrim():

-:Remove the character from the right side of char.

Syn-:Rtrim(char[,set])

Ex-:select Rtrim(‘Atmiya’,’a’)”Rtrim” from Dual;

O/P-: Atmiy

Thank You

Jay Swaminarayan