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Public Interest Lecture given at Helsinki on 13th August 2009.
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GLOBALBIODIVERSITYGLOBALBIODIVERSITYINFORMATIONFACILITY
Vishwas ChavanGBIF Secretariat
WWW.GBIF.ORG
Discovery and Mobilisation of Primary Biodiversity Data: Challenges and Potentials
Building the Biodiversity Informatics Commons
Helsinki, 13 August 2009
Primary Biodiversity Data are the digital text or multimedia data records that detail the instance of an organism – the ‘what, where, when, how and by whom’ of the organism’s occurrence and recording
Primary Biodiversity Data: Definition
Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Policy development and decision
making (at local, national, regional, and global levels)
Monitoring of status and trends of biodiversity
(sound science)
Biodiversity Data
Significance of Biodiversity Data
What can you do with georeferenced biodiversity data?
Predict effects of climate change Analyse and predict spread of pests and
diseases of humans, crops, livestock, wildlife, etc.
Predict best places to set up new protected areas
Analyse invasive species and predict invasion pathways
Provide policymaker-relevant data of all kinds Be a resource for biodiversity science
communities
Uses of primary biodiversity data
GBIF is a multi-country response to the need to mobilise information in order to facilitate improved decision-making...
”data without borders”
Key Millennium Assessment Solutions
Content
Content
Content
Content
Content
Content
ContentContentContent
Content
Content
ContentData
DataData
Data
Data
DataData
Data
Data
Data
Data
Content
Content
DataData
Data
Data
DataData Data
DataDataData Data
Data
Data
DataData
Data
DataDataData
It is all about……
Content
ContentContentData
DataData
Data
Data
Data Digitisation, Management and Archiving
Data without barriers
Data exchange / sharingDigital Data PublishingFree and Open Access
What is needed?
biodiversity hotspotholder of large amounts of biodiversity data
Biodiversity and information about it are unevenly distributed…..
Investment in biodiversity information management is towards large projects
Research in biodiversity informatics is focused towards large data publishers
Small Data Publishers – A neglected mass!
Few more facts…..
Long tail or Dark Data is economically and ecologically very critical
Most of existing and future data would be hold by Small Data Publishers
80% of current investment is towards Small Data PublishersTotal Awards: 9347Big Awards: 1869SMALL Awards: 7478
Source: Curating the Dark Data in the Long tail of science by P. Bryan Heidorn
Small are BIG!
Characteristics of Small Data Publishers
Heterogeneous Distributed and isolated Manually generated Individual creation Not maintained for reuse by others Obscured or protected Uneven distribution as well unequal
access It is highly “Unorganised” data
sector.......
GBIF is a Govt-sponsored science research infrastructure initiative...
responsive to government needs/demands in biodiversity management – govt-initiated, and govt funded;
developing an advanced informatics infrastructure for the global scientific (+ national research institutions) community for accessing and sharing data and thereby making better use of the huge investments in data collection, storage, management and updating of biodiversity information in countries.
Only started in 2002....
GBIF’s growing global network
Currently,50 countries, 40 international organisations
data provider / aggregator
Catalyse building a global informatics research infrastructure by:
GBIF’s multilateral mandate
- promoting global participation, working through and linking up a global network of partners
- Enabling publishing of biodiversity data- promoting development of
data exchange standards- building an informatics architecture
- capacity building- catalysing development of analytical tools
Seamless integration of data from many sources
Searches Taxonomic Geographic, by
country, region, or bounding-box
By dataset or a combination of these
Taxonomic browse navigation using choice of classification
Web services
The GBIF Data Portal
http://data.gbif.org/
Georef’d data via GBIF portal
(>181m records mapped to a 1 X 1 degree grid)
In summary…GBIF’s Informatics
Improved accessto Names, Metadata and Primary Biodiversity Data
Distributed GBIF informatics architecture
Faster and easier publishing of data
At the core, a Discovery System
ConsumersDataPublishers
Discovering
SearchingRetrieving
DiscoverySystem
Registering
ServicePublishers Others…
That links to resources…
Who? Institutions, Collections …
What?
Where?
When?
How
Data, Services, GUID/LSID…
Location, Access points…
Temporal Scope…
Formats, protocols, qualities
A distributed service ………….. which resolves to information resources
…./
GBRDS: empowering discovery
Key Components: the IPT
IPTIPT
The Integrated Publishing Toolkit isa state-of-the-art tool to simplify the mobilization of biodiversity information resources such as Names, Metadata andprimary biodiversity data
The Integrated Publishing Toolkit isa state-of-the-art tool to simplify the mobilization of biodiversity information resources such as Names, Metadata andprimary biodiversity data
Data Publisher
Registration (GBRDS) +Publishing of Names, Metadata,Primary biodiversity data etc…
Simple process!
The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) is designed to simplify the mapping, indexing and harvesting of Names, Metadata and Primary Biodiversity Data!
The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) is designed to simplify the mapping, indexing and harvesting of Names, Metadata and Primary Biodiversity Data!
Building a comprehensive global architecture for nomenclature
Examples of resources provided by GBIFExamples of resources provided by GBIF
all are free
Data mobilised by the USA, including other countries of origin
GBIF Data portal and data access/sharing/ repatriation
Scientists, experts Government officials at all levels Education at all levels NGOs and the general public
These needs are highly varied, but can be met by open access to the same datasets
The same data can be analysed differently for different uses
Users of GBIF dataUsers of GBIF data
Integrating Biodiversity Data…
Sp
ain
Mad
ag
asca
r
Data processingfrom the two databases
Each Protected Area polygon processed….
World Database on Protected Areas
Primary Biodiversity Data
Species geo-referenced data.taxonomic resolution (intelligence)
Protected areas
GBIFdata
GBIF geo-
referenced
Spain 271 2.2 M 51%
Madagascar
72 0.35 M
61%
>181 M specimenand observation data
>60,000 protected areas
Visualisation on WDPA site
Moving towards… global integration
ThreatenedSpp.; Red List Spp.
Migratory Spp.
Invasives, crop wild relatives, medicinals, etc.
?
Mapping Disease Vectors
Aedes albopictus “Asian Tiger Mosquito”
Invader - fastest spreading mosquito in the world
Aggressive daytime biter and pest
Known to transmit Dengue, La Crosse, St. Louis, Eastern Equine, Ross River, Rift Valley, and West Nile Viruses
Aedes albopictus – native range
Modeled native range in Asia from specimens & observations (ENM)
Aedes albopictus:potential USA invasion
Projected Asian niche onto present USA to create invasion risk-map.
Aedes albopictus: actual USA invasion (by county)
Aedes albopictus: world risk-map (present)
Using GBIF data in CC models
Sterculiaceae (Meliaceae, Dipterocapaceae)
Summary of CC impacts
All families and genera suffer habitat loss; Some do gain habitat potential, but this
requires migration and suitable habitat (for forests) at destination;
Important implications for REDD and other CC adaptation/mitigation programmes
FamilyAverage habitat
loss
Average habitat
expansion
Percent of species with
more than 50% loss
Percent of species with
more than 90% loss
Dipterocarpaceae 57.1 34.4 56.8 40.5Meliaceae 50.6 29.6 54.5 18.2Sterculiaceae 51.0 32.8 50.3 12.4
Chavan, June 2009
Why should I publish data?
What is there for
me?
Why should I publish data?
What is there for
me?
Recognition
• Opportunities
• Investment
Infrastructure and Technical
Policy and Political
Socio-CulturalEconomic
Legal
Elements of Data Publishing
Framework
Data Publishing Framework
• Bring in cultural change towards ‘free and open access' to biodiversity data
• Addresses social, technical, and policy concerns
• Answer ‘What is there for me?’ needs of ALL
Occurrence Data
KML file
Data Publication together with scholarly publication: ZooKeys
experience
Data Publishing = Scholarly Publishing ?
Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Monitoring of status and trends of biodiversity
(sound science)
Primary Biodiversity Data
Policy development and decision
making (at local, national, regional, and global levels)
How to contact GBIF:
Web site: www.gbif.org Data portal: data.gbif.org
GBIF SecretariatUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDenmark
E-mail: [email protected]: +45 3532 1470Fax: +45 3532 1480GBIF Secretariat building, supported by a grant from the Aage V. Jensens Fonde
