Ch 3 Tissue Types

Chapter 3

Body Tissues

I. Body TissuesI. Body Tissues

A. Tissues

1.Groups of cells with similar structure and function

2.Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle

Cell Diversity – Cell Diversity – predict which tissue?predict which tissue?

Figure 3.7; 1, 2

Cell Diversity - Cell Diversity - predict which tissue?predict which tissue?

Figure 3.7; 3


Figure 3.7; 4, 5


Figure 3.7; 6, 7

II. Epithelial TissuesII. Epithelial TissuesA. Found in different areas Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissue

B.Functions Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion

C. Epithelium CharacteristicsC. Epithelium Characteristics

A. Cells fit closely together

B.Tissue layer always has one free surface

C. The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

D. Avascular (have no blood supply)

E. Regenerate easily if well nourished

D. Classification of EpitheliumD. Classification of Epithelium

1. Number of cell layers

Simple – one layer

Stratified – more than one layer

Figure 3.16a

Classification of EpitheliumClassification of Epithelium

2. Shape of cells

Squamous – flattened

Cuboidal – cube-shaped

Columnar – column-like

Figure 3.16b

E. Simple EpitheliumE. Simple Epithelium

1. Simple squamous

a. Single layer of flat cells

b. Usually forms membranes

Lines body cavities

Lines lungs and capillaries

Figure 3.17a

2. Simple cuboidal

a. Single layer of cube-like cells

b. Common in glands and their ducts

Forms walls of kidney tubules

Covers the ovaries

Figure 3.17b

3. Simple columnar

a. Single layer of tall cells

b. Often includes goblet

cells, which produce mucus

c. Lines digestive tract

Figure 3.17c

4. Pseudostratified

a. Single layer, but some

cells are shorter than others

b. Often looks like a double cell layer

Figure 3.17d

F. Stratified EpitheliumF. Stratified Epithelium

1. Stratified squamous

a. Cells at the free edge are

flattened

b. Found as a protective covering

where friction is common

c. Locations Skin Mouth Esophagus

Figure 3.17e

2. Stratified cuboidal Two layers of cuboidal cells

3. Stratified columnar Surface cells are columnar, cells

underneath vary in size and shape

Stratified EpitheliumStratified Epithelium

Transitional epithelium

Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching

Lines organs of the urinary system

Figure 3.17f

III.III. Connective Tissue Connective Tissue CharacteristicsCharacteristics

A. Variations in blood supply

1. Some tissue types are well vascularized

2. Some have poor blood supply or are avascular

B. Extracellular matrix

1. Non-living material that surrounds living cells—varies from type to type

2. Two main elements

a. Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules

b. Fibers Collagen fibers—strong Elastic fibers—stretch Reticular fibers—fine collagen fibers

which form the internal “skeleton” of some organs

3. Connective Tissue Types3. Connective Tissue Types

a. Bone

b. Cartilage

c. Dense Connective tissue

d. Loose Connective Tissue

e. Blood

C. Connective Tissue TypesC. Connective Tissue Types

1. Bone (osseous tissue)

a. Composed of:

Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)

Hard matrix of calcium salts

Large numbers of collagen fibers

b. Used to protect and support the body Figure 3.18a

Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types

2. cartilage—flexible

a. Hyaline cartilage:

Most common cartilage

Composed of:

Abundant collagen fibers

Rubbery matrix

Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

Figure 3.18b


b. Elastic cartilage

Provides elasticity

Example: supports the external ear


c. Fibrocartilage

Highly compressible

Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Figure 3.18c


3. Dense connective tissue

a. Main matrix element--collagen

b. Cells are fibroblasts

c. Examples Tendon – attach

muscle to bone

Ligaments – attach bone to bone Figure 3.18d


4. Loose connective tissue

a. Areolar

Most widely distributed connective tissue

Soft, pliable tissue

Contains all fiber types

Can soak up excess fluid

Figure 3.18e

Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Typesb. Adipose tissue

commonly called fat Matrix is an areolar

tissue in which fat globules predominate

Many cells contain large lipid deposits

Functions Insulates the body

Protects some organs

Serves as a site of fuel storage

Figure 3.18f


c. Reticular connective tissue Delicate network of

interwoven fibers

Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow Figure 3.18g


5. Blood

a. Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix

b. Fibers are visible during clotting

c. Functions as the transport

vehicle for materials

IV. Muscle TissueIV. Muscle Tissue

A. Function is to produce movement

B. Three types of muscle tissue

B. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue, cont.B. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue, cont.

1. Skeletal muscle

a. Can be controlled voluntarily

b. Cells attach to connective tissue

c. Cells are striated

d. Cells have more than one nucleus

Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue TypesMuscle Tissue Types

2. Cardiac muscle

a. Found only in the heart

b. Function is to pump blood (involuntary)

c. Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

d. Cells are striated

e. One nucleus per cell

Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue TypesMuscle Tissue Types

3. Smooth muscle

a. Involuntary muscle

b. Surrounds hollow organs

c. Attached to other smooth muscle cells

d. No visible striations

e. One nucleus per cell

Figure 3.19a

V. Nervous TissueV. Nervous TissueA. Composed of

Neurons and nerve support cells

B. Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

1. Cells display Irritability

2. And Conductivity Figure 3.20

Technology

Ch 3 Tissue Types