C programming slide c04

Wednesday, April 12, 2023

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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

PREPARED BY-PRADEEP DWIVEDI(persuing B.TECH-IT)from HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY(MATHURA)[email protected]

C-PROGRAMMING SLIDE-4

Wednesday, April 12, 2023PRADEEP DWIVEDI

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C-4

TOPIC:- Loop break statement continue statement go to statement


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LOOP

when we want to repeat a particular task again and again that time we use the loop.

loop is a control structure that repeats a group of sets in a program.

there are three loops in c-1. while 2. for3. do while


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WHILE LOOP

syntax:-

while(test-condition){

body of the loop.

}


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WHILE LOOP

the while loop is a entry controlled loop statement.

the test condition is evaluated and if the condition is true then the body of loop is executed.

after execution of the body the test condition is once again evaluated and if it is true the body is executed once again.

this process of repeated execution of the body continues until the test condition finally becomes false and controlled is transferred out of the loop.


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FLOW CHART(WHILE LOOP)


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PROG13

/* w a p to print 1 to 10 */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i;clrscr();i=1;while(i<=10){printf("%d\t",i);i++;}getch();}


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DO WHILE LOOP

in while loop, makes a test of condition before the loop is executed.

therefore, the body of the loop may not be executed at all if the condition is not satisfied at the very first attempt.

on a some situations it must be necessary to execute the body of the loop before the test is performed.

such situation can be handled with the help of the do statement.


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DO WHILE LOOP

syntax:-do{

body of the loop (true)

}while(test-condition);


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DO WHILE LOOP

in the do while loop it first execute the body and then checks the condition.

so if the condition is initially false, it execute atleast once.


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prog14

/* w.a.p. to print 1 TO 10 digit */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i;clrscr();i=1;do{printf("%d\t",i);i++;}while(i<=10);getch();}


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FOR LOOP

It is two type if1. simple for loop.2. nested for loop.


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FOR LOOP

syntax:-

for(initialization; test of the condition; increment/decrement)

{

body of loop

}


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FOR LOOP

in a for loop we always follows the following 4 steps sequentially.

1. initialize the value.2. test the condition (if it is true)3. execute the body.4. increment/decrement the value.


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FOR LOOP

eg:-

for(i=1;i<=10;i++){

printf(“%d”,i);

}

1 2

3

4

falsetrue


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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

prog15

/* w.a.p. to check the entered number is a prime number or not */

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<process.h>void main(){int i,num;clrscr();printf("Enter a number");scanf("%d",&num);

for(i=2;i<num;i++){if(num%i==0){printf("number is not

prime");getch();exit(0);}}printf("Number is prime");getch();}


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SOME POINTS

exit() is a predefine function with the help of it we move out or terminate from the program.

it comes from process.h header file. when we use semicolon after the for loop

that time it become a self executed loop and it execute when condition become false.

we can have more than one initialization and the iteration in a for loop.

eg. for(i=1;j=10;i<=10;i++; j--)


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prog16

/*w.a.p. to calculate factorial of a given number */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int n,i,fac=1;clrscr();printf("Enter a number whose factorial is found :");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=n;i>=1;i--){fac=fac*i;}printf("factorial is:%d",fac);getch();}


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prog17

/* w.a.p. to print fabonicai series 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 223 337 */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num1,num2;clrscr();num1=num2=1;printf("%d\t",num2);while(num2<=200){printf("%d\t",num2);num2=num2+num1;num1=num2-num1;}getch();}


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NESTED FOR LOOP

nesting of loops, that is, one for statement with in another for statement is allowed in c.

eg.for(i=1;i<10;++i)

{for(j=1;j<5;++j)

{

} }

innerloop

outer loop


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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

prog18

/* print this pattern

11 2 1 2 31 2 3 41 2 3 4 5

*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i,j,num;clrscr();

printf("Enter the number :");scanf("%d",&num);for(i=1;i<=num;i++){for(j=1;j<=i;j++){printf("%d\t",j);}printf("\n");}getch();}


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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

prog19

/* w.a.p. to print this pattern

* * * * ** * * ** * * * **

*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i,j;clrscr();

for(i=1;i<=5;i++){for(j=5;j>=i;j--){printf("* ");}printf("\n");}getch();}


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JUMPING IN THE LOOP

For jumping in the loop we use two statements:

1. break2. continue


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THE BREAK STATEMENT

break is a keyword with the help of it we jump out from the loop.

break is only use in the loop and switch case.


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SYNTAX FOR BREAK STATEMENTA. while(………..) {

…….……..

if (condition)break;…….}

exit from loop


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SYNTAX FOR BREAK STATEMENTB. do

{ ……..

if(condition)break;……….……….}while(………);

exit from loop


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SYNTAX FOR BREAK STATEMENTC.

for(……………………………………){---------

--------- if(condition)

break;--------------

}------

exit from loop


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SYNTAX FOR BREAK STATEMENTD.

for(……………………………….){

………for(……………………..){

if(condition)break;…}..}

exit from inner loop


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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

prog20

/*w.a.p. to determine wheather a number is prime or not(using break statement)*/

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num,i;clrscr();printf("Enter a number: ");scanf("%d",&num);i=2;

while(i<num){if(num%i==0){printf("number is not prime"); break;

}i++;}if(i==num)printf("number is prime");getch();}


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goto STATEMENT

goto keyword (statement) can transfers the control to any place in a program, it is useful to provide branching with in a loop.


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SYNTAX OF GOTO STATEMENTwhile(………..) (A){if(error)goto stop;…….…… if(condition)goto abc;……….……….abc:……..}stop:…………

jump with in loop

exit from loop


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SYNTAX OF GOTO STATEMENTfor(………………..) (B){……..……..

for(…….){………....

if(error)goto error;……..}…..}error:…..…….


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SOME POINTS

in syntax(A) if the condition is satisfied goto statement transfers control to the label abc:

stop: abc: error:

called label


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PRADEEP DWIVEDI

prog21

/* Demo for goto statement */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i,j,k;clrscr();for(i=1;i<=3;i++){for(j=1;j<=3;j++){for(k=1;k<=3;k++){

if(i==3&&j==3&&k==3)goto out;elseprintf("%d%d%d\n",i,j,k);}}}out:printf("out of the loop at

last!");getch();}


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SKIPPING A PART OF A LOOP

For skipping a part of a loop we use continue keyword.

the continue statement tells the compiler ,”skip the following statements and continue with next iteration”.

the format of continue statement is simply:

continue;continue:- is a keyword with the help of

that we can move up at the beginning of the loop.


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SYNTAX

A.while(test-condition){continue;……..……..}


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SYNTAX

B.do{

……….……….

if(……..)continue;……..……..

}while(test-condition);


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SYNTAX

C.

for(initialization;test-condition;increment){

…………..…………..

if(………….)continue;……….……….}


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prog22

/* Demo for break statement */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i;for(i=0;i<=10;i++){if(i==5)continue;printf("Er.pradeep dwivedi\n");}getch();}

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C programming slide c04