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Even the in the most remote areas of the world, people use mobile phone. The number of mobile phone subscriptions has jumped from 12.4 million to more than 5 billion in the last 20 years. There are more phones than people on the planet, and some countries like Hong Kong boast 200% penetration. Panama has 202.5%, Saudi Arabia 169.5%, Russia 155%, Brazil 136%… Comparatively, the US have “only” 103% mobile penetration and Japan 95%. It is even more significant in developing countries: the quickest expansion has been in the developing countries, with 3.8 billion new users. ICT can provide expertise and information to BoP people who, without it, face physical or financial challenges to access to these resources. Continuously increasing connectivity can help people at the BoP and entrepreneurs to make significant changes in their life. Changes are already happening. Today, in 9 African countries - Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe - have more mobile money accounts than bank accounts – championing financial inclusion by providing financial services to more people than traditional banks have been able to reach Traditional BoP industries such as Agriculture - a more traditional BoP industry - are also disrupted. Innovative social businesses use ICT tools to gain productivity and also access to relevant data about products. Learn which company are having a tremendous impacts on farmers by providing them with accurate market price information or useful weather forecasts. Learn how an app has changed the life of 1 million people getting water at odd time only every 3 to 5 days, for about 4h/day. Learn how mobile technologies has helped people getting better protected through micro-insurance system.
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April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BOP VOL. 2MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES INNOVATION FROM CHINA, ENGLAND, GHANA, INDIA, KENYA, SPAIN, USA, ETC.
April 13, 2023 2
In 2014, 4,5 billion people live with less than $8 /day, 70% of the people living at the BoP are in Asia (East Asia Pacific and South Asia)
45% of their spending is in the F&B, low cost housing come second with 10%, clothing (6,5%), energy (6,3%) and transport (5,9%)
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
THE BOP IN FIGURES (2014)
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Mobile phone subscriptions: 12.4m in 1994, 5bn+ today
Developing countries: +3.8bn users, the fastest expansion
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
MOBILE IN THE BOP
Evolution of the mobile coverage and subscriber’s penetration versus access to energy, water and sanitation (2000-2015)
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE, BOP & AGRICULTURE
Source: Sven Torfinn/M-Farm
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Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Founded in 2010, M Farm addresses the “middle men” effect.
• Kenyan farmers SMS to get up-to-date market information of their products,
• M Farm employs 10 people in five cities – Mombasa, Nairobi, Eldoret, Kisumu and Kitale – who collect daily price information on 42 crops across Kenya. About 7,000 farmers use the service in 2013
• 18 agents links also small farmers and buyer and get a 10-15% agent fee.
M-FARM: REAL-TIME PRICE OF CROPS
Next step for M Farm: partnership to find more buyers (supermarket, etc.)
Question: logistic for the scaling-up phase?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Wefarm is the internet without the internet that pushes peer-to-peer knowledge,
• A project founded in 2009 by a UK charity working with farmers
• WeFarm uses the internet, and a unique peer translation system, to share this knowledge by SMS with other WeFarm members around the world.
• 2012 Pilot in Kenya, Peru and Tanzania
WEFARM: “INTERNET” VIA SMS FOR FARMERS
Next step for WeFarm: full launch in 2014.
Question: an automatized translation? Is knowledge capitalized?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Nano Ganesh is a Tata Group Indian initiative about rural automation
• Allows farmers to use mobile phones to remotely monitor and switch on irrigation pumps used for watering crops in remote locations (remotely check the electricity, automatically turn the pump on/off)
• Approximately 5,000 farmers in Maharashtra state have been using Nano Ganesh since 2008
• The device can be attached to any existing electrical starter and motor pump
NANO GANESH: REMOTE IRRIGATION
Next for Nano Ganesh: expansion after Maharashtra and Gujarat
Question: affordability of the device?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Ignitia is a semi-automated SMS-based weather forecasts for farmers in Ghana, released on the 1st of June 2013
• It utilizes satellite data and lightning data to improve rainfall predictions
• Business model: sell weather forecasts to farmer associations and agricultural companies for a yearly fee, and they distribute it to the farmers in their associations by SMS and the GPS-coordinates of the individual farmer.
INGNITIA: SMS-BASED WEATHER FORECASTS
Next for Ignitia: feedback about pilot phase
Question: type of infrastructure needed to collect and analyze this type of data?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE, BOP & WATER
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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NextDrop began operations in 2010 in India to serve the 1 million people of Hubli getting water only every 3 to 5 days, for about 4h/day.
• Mobile technology to map & displays water delivery status the city and SMS alerts citizens on the status of water supply.
• SMS about: getting water, delay in the supply, damaged pipe that might affect you, when someone in the community provides water updates.
• Real time up-date to the water facilities companies before they get it through a huge crisis
NEXTDROP: WATER DELIVERY INFO BY SMS
Next Nextdrop: scaling-up in Bangalore, 4,3 million people
Question: inspiration for monitoring and demanding accountability to the government regarding other public infrastructure
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Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE, BOP & HEALTH
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Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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The NGO has pioneered the use of technology to reach teenagers. A 24-hour staffed phone and email hotline, both run entirely by young people, means Nigerians can text, email or ring with their questions and receive immediate replies.
"We get 12,000 to 15,000 texts on a monthly basis and an average of 300 phone calls. Obviously people prefer to use SMS because they feel it's more confidential,"
NGO EVA: SEXUAL EDUCATION BY SMS
Next step Y-ACCESS project to select and train in parallel group of young people to serve as educators for their peers within their respective communities.
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TxtAlert is an Open Source tool developed by Praekelt Foundation: an automated, personalized SMS reminders to patients on chronic medication.
• Notifying patients of their upcoming appointments,
• Allows patients to reschedule their appointments if they are unable to attend, or if they've missed an appointment.
• "Please Call Me"- message system ensures that a patient can be in contact with the clinic / doctor to reschedule a missed appointment, even if they do not have any airtime available to call.
TXTALERT: DRUG-TAKING REMINDER BY SMS
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step TxtAlert: Praekelt Foundation is working with various partners to
• introduce a TB as well as a PMTCT (Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission) - messaging protocol for TxtAlert.
• "TxtAlert Corporate"
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OpASHA runs tuberculosis control programmes in India 1Cambodia
• eCompliance: Fingerprint tracker + android system that provides real time info on where the counselors are going, whom they’re treating, what medication has been given, etc.
• Counselors are trained paramedics and make the diagnosis.
• Data go to a backend server at the OpASHA HQ and help generate health statistic. Fingerprint tracking + GPS means data can’t be fudged.
• 6 million patients treated in 2053 disadvantaged communities.
OPASHA: TRACKING TUBERCULOSIS IN REAL-TIME
Next step OpAsha:
• next on sanitation, micro-insurance, menstrual hygiene
• Advocacy team to help other NGOs, public health departments and government bodies replicate eCompliance.
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Low-cost iPhone adapters that provide images of the eye that usually require specialist ophthalmology equipment costing tens of thousands of dollars.
• Images can be added to medical records for later review by a specialist,
• Or can be transmitted from a primary care worker in a remote area to a specialist who can provide advice on the medical attention required for an eye injury.
STANFORD $90 OPHTHALMOLOGY KIT
Next step: distribution?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE, BOP & ENERGY
April 13, 2023 17
The majority of the first generation of PAYG solutions:
• home solar systems of limited capacity (~4-10W)
• include a couple of lights charging solution
• phone charging solution
PAY AS YOU GO
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step: transition to larger size system (> 30-40W)
Question: what else apart from payment and charge
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE, BOP & FINANCE
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M-Pesa is a mobile-phone based money transfer and microfinancing service, launched in 2007 by Vodafone for Safaricom and Vodacom, the largest mobile network operators in Kenya and Tanzania.
Branchless banking service and you can
• Check your account
• Pay bill
• Send remittances
• Cash withdrawals with ATM
• Get micro credit
€12bn exchanged over the last 5 years and 15 million users
MPESA: BRANCHLESS BANKING
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step for Mpesa: partnering with other services such as other MFI (Musoni) and spreading over other countries
Question: scalability in other countries
April 13, 2023 20
76% of mobile insurance services offered life cover, vs. 24% for health insurance (GSMA “Mobile Financial services for the unbanked” 2013 report)
• Farmers get automatically covered for crop loss when weather data indicates too much draught or floods, without needing an expert to audit each case on the field.
• The claim can be made by SMS and the money can be transferred via MPesa
KILIMO SALAMA
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step: avoiding claims by automated, IP-based weather sensors record if, for example, rainfall is 15% below the average, a payout is calculated, and the amount owed to farmers is then sent to their mobile phones
April 13, 2023 21
Insurance is a more complex product:
• Bima has started to offer freemium insurance to pre-existing mobile users.
• Once the education of potential customers has been done – through agents or freemium deals with telco operators – premium plans can fit in and turn users into customers.
• Basic insurance costs 20 – 80 US cents per month
• Operate in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and serve about 8 million customers
BIMA AND MICRO INSURANCE
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step for Bima: new deployment, which means whole new business
April 13, 2023 22
It is a joint venture created by MasterCard, eServGlobal and BICS that enables B2B cross-border and cross-network value transfers through a single connection.
A real-time money transfer messaging platform that processes the remittance
• Mobile/e-wallet to mobile/e-wallet
• Cash/bank to mobile/e-wallet• Mobile/e-wallet to cash/bank• Mobile/e-wallet to card• Card to mobile/e-wallet• Cash/bank to card• Card to cash/bank
HOMESEND: REMITTANCES:
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
Next step: countries in light green
Question: fees?
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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ADDRESSABLE BOP MARKET FOR MOBILE-ENABLED TECHNOLOGIES
Source: WeFarm
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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643 million people
TOTAL ADDRESSABLE MARKET FOR MOBILE-ENABLED ENERGY ACCESSLIGHTNING, CHARGING DEVICES, ETC.
53% of the global population without access to electricity (2013)
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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262 million people
TOTAL ADDRESSABLE MARKET FOR MOBILE-ENABLED WATER ACCESSDRINKING WATER, IRRIGATION, ETC.
34% of the global population without access to improved water sources (2013)
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Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES ABOUT MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BOP
• Leverage these tool to share real-time citizen feedback and strengthen/improve government infrastructures for the poor communities
• Privacy protection
• Hacking
• Regulation around these new services
• Application and data portability
• Language translation, vocal app, etc.
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Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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MOBILE!!!
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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STAYED TUNED: MOBILE EDUCATION
Mobile microscope from Nikko Torcita, Manila
April 13, 2023
Breakthrough technologies for the BOP - Anne-Laure Herrezuelo, Senior Project Manager
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Anne-Laure HerrezueloSenior Project Manager#bop #socialenterprise #innovation #southeastasia
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