Bluetooth

Zahra Sadeghi

Name

The system is named after a Danish

king Harald Blåtand (Harold Bluetooth in

English), King of Denmark and Norway

from 935 and 936 respectively, to 940

known for his unification of previously

warring tribes from Denmark, Norway and

Sweden. Bluetooth likewise was intended

to unify different technologies like

computers and mobile phones.

Special Interest Group(SIG)

Ericsson

IBM

Intel

Nokia

Toshiba

1. connectionless short distance radio device.

2. A defacto standard

Schedule

In the beginning of 1997: Ericsson starts recognising the interest for a wireless solutionamong other companies.

February 1998: The five original companies formed the beginning of the SIG-group.

May 20 1998: The Bluetooth consortium announced itself to the public. Other companies start joining the SIG.

October 1998: The 0.8 version of the specification is announced in the first Bluetooth Conference.

December 1998: Over 150 companies have joined the SIG.

Beginning of March 1999: Over 200 companies in the SIG.

End of June 1999: Version 1.0 of the Bluetooth specification should be ready.

August 1999: The first series of functional products arrives the market.

January 2000: Large manufacturing of devices. Prices should go down.

introduction

It is a wireless radio standard primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (from 10 up to 100 meters) and with a low-cost transceiver microchip in each device.

Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers and digital cameras via a secure, low-cost, globally available short range radio frequency.

lower in cost than alternative wireless standards

and will also often allow a lower cost replacement

for cables and connectors, particularly when

accounting for installation and maintenance .

Practical examples

robotics,

within the home,

ease the use of digital cameras and MP3s,

be used in vending machines,

act as a headset that communicates with a mobile phone in your pocket,

within audio speakers,

a refrigerator automatically ordering over the internet the weeks shopping.

Send photos and video clips instantly from any location

Conversation of devices

Wires

1. Serial connection:1 1 bit at a time

2. Parrallel connection:8 to 16 bits at a time

Wireless

1. IrDa(Infrared Data Association)

2. Radio waves

Infrared data association

Light travels in straight line (not for radio

waves)

Transceiver and receiver must be in front

of each other (not for radio waves)

Point-to-point connection (not for radio

waves)

Data transferring speed

► Synchronous transferring(423 Kbps)

up to 3 simultaneous synchronous voice

channels,

or a channel, which simultaneously supports

asynchronous data and synchronous voice.

► Asynchronous transferring(721 Kbps)

The asynchronous channel can support an

asymmetric link of maximally 721 kb/s in

either direction.

Bluetooth specifications

Frequency range:

at 2.4 -2.48 GHz (industrial scientific

medical =ISM band)

In order to avoid interfering with other

protocols which use the 2.45 GHz band,

the Bluetooth protocol divides the band

into 79 channels and changes channels

up to 1600 times per second.

Network topology

bluetooth units can create both point-to-point and point-to-multi-point connections.

Every Bluetooth device can simultaneously maintain up to 7 connections, but only oneactive connection at the time.

A connection with two or several, maximum eight, units is called a piconet.

These groups (maximum of 8 devices: 1 host and 7 slaves) are called piconets

Master and slaveone device in a Bluetooth piconet is the

master (controller) and other devices are

slaves to the master.

packet

Each packet begins with a 72-bit access

code that is derived from the master

identity and is unique for the channel.

Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi)

While Bluetooth is a cable replacement

creating personal area networking(PAN)

between different devices, Wi-Fi is a

cable replacement for local area network

(LAN) access.

Models:

1. IEEE 802.11a (11 Mbps,2.4 GHz)

2. IEEE 802.11b (54 Mbps,5 GHz)

► Access point stations(150 m: 1 Mbps)

security

Authentication

encryption

HomeRF

established in the same way as Bluetooth with core members as: Microsoft, Motorola, Intel, IBM, Ericsson etc.

Supported units in a network: HomeRF allows up to 127 units. Bluetooth only 8 in their piconet.

Data security: HomeRF use Blowfish encryption, which makes it more secure than Bluetooth.

Power consumption: HomeRF needs morecurrent than Bluetooth, it also does not have several modes for power saving.

HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking

Alliance )

The (HomePNA) is an association of

companies working for a single, unified

phone line networking standard and home

networking solutions.

The core members are 3Com, AMD,

Compaq, and again Intel and IBM and some

other companies.

The goal for HomePNA is to establish a

standard for home networking through

phone lines.

Bluetooth Top Sites

(http://www.topsitelists.com/bestsites/bluetooth/

Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15

(http://www.networkdictionary.com/protocols/80215

.php)

Bluetooth SIG public pages

(http://www.bluetooth.com/)

Bluetooth Membership

site(http://www.bluetooth.org/)

Howstuffworks.com explanation of bluetooth

(http://www.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm)

The Bluetooth Car Concept

(http://develop.consumerium.org/wiki/index.php/Us

er:Juxho/Bluetooth_Car)

Personal Telco Wiki

(http://www.personaltelco.net/index.cgi/BlueTooth)

(this article may not be completely accurate

technically)

A series of guides

(http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid

=449) on how-to connect devices like mobile

phones, PDAs, desktop/laptops, headsets and use

different Bluetooth services

Mapping Salutation Architecture APIs to Bluetooth

Service Discovery Layer

(http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/1174778/0)

Bluetooth News and Discussion Group

(http://groups.yahoo.com/group/blueinfo/)

Bluetooth Jobs

(http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bluejobs/)

Bluetooth™ Security White Paper

(http://www.bluetooth.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/upl

oad/24Security_Paper.PDF)

Security Concerns

(http://www.atstake.com/research/reports/acrobat/at

stake_war_nibbling.pdf)

Laptops, PDA and mobile (cell) phones with

Bluetooth(TM) and Linux

(http://tuxmobil.org/bluetooth_linux.html)

Bluetooth qualified products

(http://qualweb.bluetooth.org/Template2.cfm?Link

Qualified=QualifiedProducts)

Bluecarkit discussion forum about Bluetooth car

handsfree (http://www.bluecarkit.com/forum)