SEMINAR

ON

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

Presented by : Quraishi.M.Shoeb Alimuddin

Roll no: A-05

Electronic engineering

Terna polytechnic.

Navi mumbai.

2012-13

Contents

> What is bluetooth?

> History .

> How this technology work?

> Protocols.

> Application.

> Example.

> Advantages.

> Disadvantages.

> Future of bluetooth technology.

> Conclusion .

What is bluetooth

Bluetooth is a  technology standard for exchanging data over short distances . Bluetooth technology eliminates the need for numerous and inconvenient cable attachments This technology enable users to automatically & easily connect a wide range of computing & telecommunication devices.Bluetooth makes wireless communication and networking between devices in a small localized area.In bluetooth all the conections between devices are occuring immediately and invisible.Bluetooth is actually a standard for wireless communications between device with in a range of 10 metres.

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless

alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 17,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.  The SIG oversees the development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. To be marketed as a Bluetooth device, it must be qualified to standards defined by the SIG.[citation needed] A network of patents is required to implement the technology and are licensed only for those qualifying devices.

History:

It was taken from the 10th century danish king harald blatand who unified denmark & norway.In 1994 ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones accessories.In 1997 intel agree to collaborate.5 comanies joined to from the bluetooth the special interst group (SIG) in 1998.Bluetooth SIG formed –ericsson ,intel,ibm,nokia,toshiba.first specification released in july 1999.

Harald I Bluetooth (Danish Harald Blåtand) was the King of Denmark between 940 and 985 AD. The name "Blåtand" was probably taken from two old Danish words, 'blå' meaning dark skinned and 'tan' meaning great man. He was born in 910 as the son of King Grom The Old (King of Jutland, the main peninsula of Denmark) and his wife Thyre Danebold (daughter of King Ethelred of England). Like many Vikings, Harald

considered it honorable to fight for treasure in foreign lands.

When Harald's sister Gunhild was widowed after the death of the violent Norwegian king Erik Blood Axe, she came to Denmark to seek Harald's help in securing control of Norway. Harald took the opportunity to seize control himself. By 960 he was at the height of his powers, ruling over both Denmark and Norway. He was baptized by a priest named Poppo, sent by the German emperor. He then created a monument that read: "King Harald raised this monument to the memory of Grom his father and Thyre his mother. Harald conquered all of Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian". These words were also carved in stone called rune stones. Harald was killed in a battle in 985. Harald completed the country's unification begun by his father, converted the Danes to Christianity, and conquered Norway. The expansion begun by Harald in Norway was continued by his son Sweyn I, who conquered England in 1013. Under Sweyn's son Canute there grew up a great Anglo-Scandinavian kingdom that included parts of Sweden. Old Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth of today will unite the worlds of computers and telecom (hopefully longer than the few years Harald's Viking kingdom survived). In 1994 Ericsson Mobile Communications initiated a study to investigate the feasibility of a low-power low-cost radio interface between mobile phones and their accessories. In Feb 1998, five companies Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel formed a Special Interest Group (SIG). The group contained the necessary business sector members - two market leaders in mobile telephony, two market leaders in laptop computing and a market leader in digital signal processing technology. In 2002, Bluetooth was a built-in feature in more than 100 million mobile phones and several million communication devices ranging from handsets and portable PCs to desktop computers and notebooks.

How bluetooth technology work ?

Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable equipment together with little or no work by the user. Unlike infra-red, Bluetooth does not require line-of-sight positioning of connected units. The technology uses modifications of existing wireless LAN techniques but is most notable for its small size and low cost. The current prototype circuits are contained on a circuit board 0.9cm square, with a much smaller single chip version in development. The cost of the device is expected to fall very fast, from $20 initially to $5 in a year or two. It is envisioned that Bluetooth will be included within equipment rather than being an optional extra. When one Bluetooth product comes within range of another, (this can be set to between 10cm and 100m) they automatically exchange address and capability details. They can then establish a 1 megabit/s link (up to 2 Mbps in the second generation of the technology) with security and error correction, to use as required. The protocols will handle both voice and data, with a very flexible network topography.

This technology achieves its goal by embedding tiny, inexpensive, short-range transceivers into the electronic devices that are available today. The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radio band, 2.45 GHz (meaning there will be no hindrance for international travelers using Bluetooth-enabled equipment.), and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps, as well as three voice channels. The bluetooth modules can be either built into electronic devices or used as an adaptor. For instance in a PC they can be built in as a PC card or externally attached via the USB port

Each device has a unique 48-bit address from the IEEE 802 standard. Connections can be point-to-point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10 meters but can be extended to 100 meters by increasing the power. Bluetooth devices are protected from radio interference by changing their frequencies arbitrarily upto a maximum of 1600 times a second, a technique known as frequency hopping. They also use three different but complimentary error correction schemes. Built-in encryption and verification is provided.

Moreover, Bluetooth devices won't drain precious battery life. The Bluetooth specification targets power consumption of the device from a "hold" mode consuming 30 micro amps to the active transmitting range of 8-30 milliamps (or less than 1/10th of a watt). The radio chip consumers only 0.3mA in standby mode, which is less than 3 % of the power used by a standard mobile phone. The chips also have excellent power-saving features, as they will automatically shift to a low-power mode as soon as traffic volume lessens or stops.

Protocol:

Bluetooth protocols are sets of commands and processes that are used to manage the transfer of data or information through wireless communication links, services, and applications. The Bluetooth system has adapted several application protocols and created new protocols to allow for the setup and coordination of Bluetooth devices.

Application Protocols - are commands and procedures used by software programs to perform operations using information or messages that are received from or sent to other sources (such as a user at a keyboard). Application protocols are independent of the underlying technologies and communication protocols. Some

of the popular application protocols that are used include RS-232 serial data connection, point-to-point protocol (PPP), object exchange (OBEX), and telephone call control protocol Q.931.

This figure shows how the Bluetooth system uses standard industry protocols to connect to standard communication applications. In this example, a laptop computer is communicating with a wireless mouse, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and an access node using a single WPAN PCMCIA card. When communicating with the mouse, the laptop uses the standard RS-232 protocol. When transferring (exchanging) items between an address book stored in the laptop and an address book stored in the PDA, it uses the standard Object Exchange (OBEX) protocol. To connect to the Internet, the laptop connects through an access node to a router using standard point-to-point protocol (PPP). This diagram shows that the PPP connection is only part of the communication link that reaches an email server that is connected to the Internet. The computer uses standard simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) to send and retrieve email messages. The cordless telephone uses Q.931 telephony call signaling protocol.

Application:Bluetooth has a tremendous potential in moving and synchronizing information in a localized setting. Potential for Bluetooth applications is huge, because we transact business and communicate more with people who are close by than with those who are far away - a natural phenomenon of human interaction. The following list represents only a small set of potential applications - in future many more imaginative applications will come along: 

By installing a Bluetooth network in your office you can do away with the complex and tedious taskof networking between the computing devices, yet have the power of connected devices. No longer would you be bound to fixed locations where you can connect to the network. Each Bluetooth device could be connected to 200 other devices making the connection of every device with every other possible. Since it supports both point to point and point to multipoint it will virtually make the maximum number of simultaneously linked devices unlimited.

The Bluetooth technology connects all your office peripherals wirelessly. Connect your PC or notebook to printers, scanners and faxes without the ugly and trouble some cable attachments. You can increase your freedom by connecting your mouse or the keyboard wirelessly to your computer.

If your digital cameras in Bluetooth enabled, you can send still or video images from any location to any location without the hassle of connecting your camera to the mobile phone on the wireline phone.

Bluetooth allows us to have three way phones. At home, your phone functions as a portable phone (fixed line charge). When you're on the move, it functions as a mobile phone (cellular charge). And when your phone comes within range of another mobile phone with built-in Bluetooth wireless technology it functions as a walkie-talkie (no telephony charge).

In meetings and conferences you can transfer selected documents instantly with selected participants, and exchange electronic business cards automatically, without any wired connections.

Connect your wireless headset to your mobile phone, mobile computer or any wired connection to keep your hands free for more important tasks when you're at the office or in your car.

Have automatic synchronization of your desktop, mobile computer, notebook (PC-PDA and PC-HPC) and your mobile phone. For instance, as soon as you enter your office the address list and calendar in your notebook will automatically be updated to agree with the one in your desktop, or vice versa.

Automatic Message Delivery: Compose e-mails on your portable PC while you're on an airplane. As soon as you've landed and switched on your mobile phone, all messages are immediately sent.

Upon arriving at your home, the door automatically unlocks for you, the entry way lights come on, and the heat is adjusted to your pre-set preferences.

IBM researchers are working on a number of personal devices like a WatchPad that could be connected with other

devices through Bluetooth.  The Watch Pad is very thin and contains 8MB of RAM. They are also working on a version of CyberPhone called CyberPhone - that can project data onto a small mirror. The CyberPhone can show as much information as a small PDA because of high resolution VGA screen.

Personal security application on mobile phones for vention of theft or loss of items. The protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e.g. a tag) that is in constant communication with the phone. If the connection is broken (the marker is out of range of the phone) then an alarm is raised. This can also be used as a man overboard alarm. A product using this technology has been available since 2009

Example: Pc

Keyboard

Mouse

Printer

Headset

Dg –camera

i-pod

Advantage:

Bluetooth has a lot to offer with an increasingly difficult market place. Bluetooth helps to bringwith it the promise of freedom from the cables and simplicity in networking that has yet to be matched by LAN (Local Area Network).In the key marketplace, of wireless and handheld devices, the closest competitor to Bluetooth isinfrared. Infrared holds many key features, although the line of sight it provides doesn't go through walls or through obstacles like that of the Bluetooth technology.Unlike infrared, Bluetooth isn't a line of sight and it provides ranges of up to 100 meters. Bluetooth is also low power and low processing with an overhead protocol. What this means, is that it's ideal for integration into small battery powered devices. To put it short, the applications with Bluetooth are virtually endless. Have to know more about bluetooth now ? I will give you a 10 benefits of using and choosing bluetooth for application.Below, are 10 benefits and reasons to use Bluetooth technology.

1. WirelessAs you probably already know, there are many benefits and advantages to using wireless devices. Along with improving safety as a result of eliminating wires you don't need, wireless also offers you plenty of other advantages. When traveling with your laptop or other wireless devices, you'll no longer have to worry about bringing connection cables.

2. Bluetooth is actually inexpensiveThe technology of Bluetooth is cheap for companies to

implement, which results in lower costs for the company. These savings are then passed from the company on to you.

3. Bluetooth is automaticBluetooth doesn't have you set up a connection or push any buttons. When two or more devices enter a range of up to 30 feet of each other, they will automatically begin to communicate without you having to do anything. 

4. Standardized protocolBluetooth is standardized wireless, meaning that a high level of compatibility among devices isguaranteed. Bluetooth will connect devices to each other, even if they aren't the same model.

5. Low interferenceBluetooth devices almost always avoid interference from other wireless devices. Bluetooth uses a technique known as frequency hopping, and also low power wireless signals.

6. Low energy consumptionAs a result of Bluetooth using low power signals, the technology requires very little energy and will use less battery or electrical power as a result. This is an excellent benefit for mobile devices,as Bluetooth won't drain the battery.

7. Sharing voice and dataThe standard for Bluetooth will allow compatible devices to share data and voice communications. This is great for mobile phones and headsets, as Bluetooth simplifies driving and talking on your

cell phone.

8. Instant PAN (Personal Area Network)You can connect up to seven Bluetooth devices to each other within a range of up to 30 feet, forming a piconet or PAN. For a single room, you canalso set up multiple piconets.

9. UpgradeableUpgradeable is the standard for Bluetooth. There are newer versions of Bluetooth in the works,which offer many new advantages and backward compatible with older versions.

10. The technology staysBluetooth technology is a world wide, universal wireless standard. With it being as popular asit is, you can count on it being around for years to come. As more and more devices start to useBluetooth technology, more manufacturers will be eager to make their products compatible. A chain reaction will occur, making Bluetooth the standard for cutting edge wireless.

Disadvantages :

Bluetooth has several positive features and one would be extremely hard pressed to find downsides when given the current competition. The only real downsides are the data rate and security. Infrared can have data rates of up to 4 MBps, which provides very fast rates for data transfer, while Bluetooth only offers 1 MBps.

For this very reason, infrared has yet to be dispensed with completely and is considered bymany to be the complimentary technology to that of Bluetooth. Infrared has inherent security due to its line of sight. The greater range and radio frequency (RF) of Bluetooth make it much more open to interception and attack. For this reason, security is a very key aspect to the Bluetooth specification.

Although there are very few disadvantages, Bluetooth still remains the best for short range wireless technology. Those who have tried it love it, and they know for a fact that Bluetooth will be around for years to come.

Future of bluetooth technology: What’s the future for Bluetooth

Bluetooth has a good future ahead because it meets a basic need of connectivity in close proximity, is the result of initiatives of nine leading communications and computer industry vendors including companies like 3-COM, Ericsson, Lucent, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia, Toshiba etc. Since the formation of the original group, more than 1800 manufacturers worldwide have joined the initiative worldwide. According to one market research report, Bluetooth technology is expected to be built into over 100 millions devices before the end of 2002.  According to still another report from market research firm Cahners In-Stat Group, there will be over 670 million Bluetooth enabled devices worldwide by 2005.

As a result of success of WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), adoption of smart phones and handheld devices, Bluetooth will have tremendous effects on everyday life. Bluetooth is one of the key technologies that can make the mobile information society possible, blurring the boundaries between home, the office, and the outside world. The seamless connectivity promised by Bluetooth makes it possible to explore a range of interactive and highly transparent personalized services which were even difficult to dream of because of the complexity involved in making various devices talk to each other. Already many Bluetooth pilot products have rolled into the market backed by big vendors, which is a very healthy sign for the acceptance of the technology. The support for Bluetooth is not limited to companies developing Bluetooth

enabled products only. Bluetooth applications can have far reaching impacts on many other industries as well. Bluetooth technology adoption is expected to be widespread throughout the computer and telecommunications industry. Implementation of the Bluetooth technology is expected to grow the market for personal mobile devices and indirectly increase airtime usage for wireless data. Over the long term. manufacturers will also benefit from the ability to replace multiple connection ports with a single Bluetooth module, gaining economies at the production level. The Bluetooth SIG has defined favorable adoption terms, including open, royalty-free availability of the specification and is playing an important role in spreading the technology.

Conclusion :

Bluetooth wireless technology – The technology that propels you into a new dimension in wireless connectivity. It is important to surround yourself with the right kind of people. Bluetooth is a new standard developed by a group of electronics manufacturers, that will allow any sort of electronic equipment to make it's own connections without wires, cables or any direct action from user. It is a rapid growing technology that makes man easy to transfer his electronic equipments from one place to another.It is a technology that not yet completely developed. Hope this will be achieved very soon.