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BIODIVERSITY OF DIATOMS FOUND IN AGUS IV HYDROELECTRIC PLANT RESERVOIR, NANGKA, BALO-I, LANAO DEL NORTE
Background of the StudyDiatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic
and eukaryotic microorganisms which are easily recognizable because of their silicified cell walls.
They are one of the major food source for freshwater organisms.
They are sensitive to very subtle changes in environmental conditions.
The fishes consume the diatoms, which are affected directly by the distribution of contaminants and physico-chemical factors such as pH and water temperature.
Objectives of the StudyMain objective:
To determine the biodiversity of diatoms found in the sampling site.
Specific objectives:1. determine the physicochemical properties
of the sampling site;2. classify the diatoms up to genus level;3. calculate the biodiversity indices of
diatoms; and4. determine the trophic state of the reservoir.
Significance of the StudyProvide information if the reservoir is
capable of maintaining a healthy freshwater ecosystem.
Serve as basis for future studies that would be dealing with diatom-based water quality monitoring.
Methodology
Sampling AreaCollection of
Diatom Samples
Determination of Physico-chemical properties
Removal of Organic Matter
Observation of samples under
microscope
Calculating the relative
abundance
Calculate the biodiversity
indices
Calculate the significant difference
Sampling Area
Site 1 Site
2
Site 1 is located near the penstock near the spillway of the Agus IV HEP.
Site 2 is located along the highway
Collection of diatom samples
Determination of Physicochemical Parameters
Observation of Samples under the microscope
Gomphonema
Eunotia
Fragilaria
Cocconeis
Achnanthidium
Pinnularia
Fragilariforma
Biodiversity indicesSimpson’s Index:
DSimpson = 1- (Σ ni(ni-1)) / (N(N-1))
Margalef Richness IndexIMargalef = (S - 1) / ln(N)
Trophic Diatom IndexTDI= Σ sensitive/ Σ tolerant
Relative abundance:Relative Abundance= n1/N *100
Average Physicochemical Parameters and Biodiversity Indices of the Reservoir of Agus IV Hydroelectric Plant.
There was no significant difference in any of the factors and indices between the two sites.
Sampling Site
Physicochemical Factors
pH Temp. Salinity TDSSite 1 6.68 26.74 0 60.17
Site 2 6.52 26.67 0 59.47
Results
Most abundant species◦Site 1: Fragilaria (19.3%)◦Site 2: Pinnularia (30.9%)◦Overall: Fragilaria (20.2%)
Sensitive genera found◦Site 1: Achnanthes (5.0%) Cymbella (7.4%)
Aulacoseira (8.9%) Eunotia (0.50%) Pinnularia (5.0%)
◦Site 2: Achnanthes (3.6%) Cymbella (9.1%) Aulacoseira (0.91%) Eunotia (5.5%)Pinnularia (31%)
Tolerant genera found◦Site 1: Amphora (0.99%) Cocconeis (14%)
Nitzschia (0.50%)
◦Site 2: Amphora (1.8%) Cocconeis (0.91%)Nitzschia (3.6%)
Species found in site 1 but not in site 2Asterionella (2.0%) Brachysira (0.50%)Epithemia (0.50%) Fragilariforma (5.4%)Frustulia (0.99%) Melosira (1.5%)Rossithidium (4.0%) Tabellaria (1.5%)
Species found in site 2 but not in site 1Eunophora (0.91%) Meridion (0.91%)
Trophic Diatom Index (Site 1)
∑sensitive=Achanthes+Aulacoseira+Cymbella+Eunotia+Pinnularia∑tolerant Amphora+Cocconeis+Nitzschia
= 10+18+15+1+10 = 1.692+29+1
Trophic Diatom Index (Site 2)
= 4+1+10+6+34 = 7.862+1+4
Trophic Diatom Index (Overall)= 14+19+25+7+44 = 2.79
4+30+5
Poly-hypertrophic
Eu-polytrophic
Mesotrophic
Trophic states indicated by the TDI (Source: Rott et al., 1999)
Trophic Diatom Index
Trophic state
≤1.0 Ultraoligotrophic
1.1-1.3 Oligotrophic
1.4-1.5 oligo-mesotrophic
1.6-1.8 Mesotrophic
1.9-2.2 meso-eutrophic
2.3-2.6 eutrophic
2.7-3.1 eu-polytrophic
3.2-3.4 polytrophic
> 3.4 Poly-hypertrophic
For Simpson 1-D Index:As the value gets closer to 1, the more greater is the diversity.
For Margalef richness index:Since Margalef's index is used as a way to compare species richness in two communities where different numbers of individuals have been collected, there is no standard value for this index.
ConclusionsDiatoms are diverse in the sampling area.
Site 1 is mesotrophic while site 2 is poly-hypertrophic.
RecommendationThe amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) and
biological oxygen demand (BOD) should also be determined so that the actual levels of oxygen in the body of water will be correlated with the number of diatoms present.
We are now ready to hear your comments and suggestions.