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BIODIESEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- ANECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIABILITY

COMPARISON

MD ASIF AKBARIB.Tech(Civil), Student Coordinator (T&P)KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, indiaPin- 751024+91-7735168092

MD ASIF AKBARI +91-7735168092

What is BIODIESEL?

DEFINITION OF BIODIESEL

KEY BENEFITS OF BIODIESEL

APPLICATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

MORE THAN JUST A FUEL

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Biodiesel is produced by a chemical reaction between methanol (or ethanol) and an oil or fat, in the presence of a catalyst.Requires a strong basic catalyst (NaOH or KOH)The reaction is called “Transesterification”

Changing one ester (vegetable oil) into another ester (biodiesel)

Oil + Alcohol yields Biodiesel + Glycerol

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The physical and chemical properties ofBio-diesel are similar to those ofpetroleum diesel; moreover, it isenvironmentally friendly, nonhazardousand bio-degradable. Theapplications of Bio-diesel range fromtransport vehicles to farming equipmentto industrial machinery.

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Biodiesel can be used inexisting Diesel Engines• Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended• with petroleum diesel (B20, BXX).• Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil.• The first diesel engine.• Little or no engine modifications• Use existing fuel distribution network.• Available now

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Vehicular use and manufactureracceptance• In 2007, McDonalds of UK announcedthat it would start producing biodieselfrom the wasteoil byproduct of itsrestaurants. This fuel would be used torun its fleet.

MD ASIF AKBARI +91-7735168092

Railway usage• The British businessman RichardBranson's Virgin Voyager train, number220007 Thames Voyager,billed as theworld's first "biodiesel train".

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AIRCRAFTFeb 2009• The first flight by a commercial airline to be partly powered by biofuels and billed asheralding a eco-friendlier and cheaper era ofairline travel took place

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An economic analysis indicates that ethanol from sugarcane and biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas can be manufactured at under Rs. 21/litre . Current production cost of petrol and diesel from crude is Rs30.22/litre,

Biodiesel Crude oil0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

21

30.22

cost per litre

cost per litre

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Health & SafetySafer, Cleaner Alternative to Petroleum– Exhaust has less harmful impact on human health– Reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons,carbon monoxide and particulate matter (smog)• Biodegradable and nontoxic– Less toxic than table salt and biodegrades as fastas sugar– Biodiesel exhaust comparable to the smell ofFrench fries

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•The word geothermal originated from the Greek roots geo means earth and thermos means heat.

• In simple means, Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that is related to the temperature of matter.

WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY???

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Concept behind Geothermal Energy

•Initially, the energy transformed starts from way down the Earth’s core – 4,000 miles down. At the core, temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit. •One percent of the heat contained in just the uppermost 10 kilometers of the earth’s crust is equivalent to 500 times the energy contained in all of the earth's oil and gas resources.

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WHAT DO POWER PLANTS USE IN PRODUCING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY???

Dry Steam- Steam is produced directly from the geothermal reservoir to run the turbines that power the generator, and no separation is necessary because wells only produce steam. The image below is a more simplified version of the process.

Flash Steam- Geothermally heated water under pressure is separated in a surface vessel (called a steam separator) into steam and hot water (called “brine” in the accompanying image). The steam is delivered to the turbine, and the turbine powers a generator. The liquid is injected back into the reservoir.

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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION AND USAGE?

•Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. •The power stations do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on the environment. •Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power. •Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy. •Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for taking bath, heating homes, preparing food and today this is also used for direct heating of homes and offices. •Geothermal energy on the other hand has created many jobs for the local people.

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Need of Research

•The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill down to them. The type of rock above is also important, it must be of a type that we can easily drill through. •Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of. •To get geothermal energy, requires installation of power plants, to get steam from deep within the earth and this require huge one time investment and require to hire a certified installer and skilled staff needs to be recruited and relocated to plant location. Moreover, electricity towers, stations need to set up to move the power from geothermal plant to consumer.

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