BIOCHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY

• The Biochemistry is a science that studies the chemistry of living organisms, especially proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, and other small molecules in cells and also the chemical reactions that these compounds (metabolism) allowing perform to obtain energy (catabolism) and generate biomolecules (anabolism).

PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY

• The Pharmacology is a branch of the Biochemistry; this science studies the drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function.

• Actually the pharmacology has a great impact in medicine as in biochemistry, because the different types of drugs produce different effects in the same person, according with many factors as for example: the wheater and the emotional aspect.

• Any movement of a drug molecule within the body requires passage through biological membranes.

• This affects both the absorption mechanisms as in the distribution or elimination. BIOCHEMISTRY

OF DRUG ABOSORCIÓN

There are two mechanisms

THROUGH INTERCELLUL

AR CLEFTS

Filtration

THROUGH CELL

MEMBRANES

Filtration

Molecular weight of the drug

Distance between

cells

Pressure on either side of

the wall

Concentration

gradient

The transport across cell membranes

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

LIPOSOLUBILITY

DEGREE OF IONIZATION

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE

DRUG

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N

OF

A

MED

ICA

MEN

T The distribution is the transport of the medicament for the blood up to the place where he exercises his action.

DRUG DISTRIBUTION

Dissolved in the plasma.

Inside certain cells.Joined plasmatic proteins

•The excretion study ways to remove a drug and its active and inactive metabolites from the body to the outside.

•Routes of excretion: they all contribute physiologically to expel the liquid and organic substances.

•The drugs are excreted in the following ways: mainly by the kidney after biliary-enteric by.

The kidney: it is the most important route of excretion of drugs. Its

importance in pharmacology decreases when a drug is metabolized in its

entirety, and only eliminated by the kidney inactive metabolites

Biliary excretion: the drug is metabolized in the liver, biliary

system passes, then the intestine and out through the feces.

Pulmonary excretion: some drugs are excreted in the breath, such as alcohol and general anesthetics.

Mechanisms of actionAntibiotics

Inhibition

Bacterial wall synthesis (penicillin)

Membrane permeability( pol

yenes)

DNA synthesis (metronidazole

)

RNA polymerase (rifampicin)

Folate synthesis (sulfonamides)