Bdd and Scrum Team Dynamics

John Ferguson Smart

Using Behaviour Driven Development to Enhance Scrum Team Dynamics

John Ferguson Smart

ConsultantTrainerMentorAuthorSpeakerCoder

There are only two problems in software development

1) Building the software wrong

2) Building the wrong software

50-‐80% of produc.on code is never or rarely used

Poor quality costs money!

Ini:al Budget $6 million

Cost by 2012 $416 million

Payroll System

Es:mated cost to complete $837 million

Payroll System

Project success = right product + built right

Building the thing right

Building the right thing

Quality craftsmanship

Misaligned requirements

Features aligned to business needs

Poor craftsmanship

Wha

t

How

Expe

nsi

ve to

mai

nta

in

Un

stab

le Har

d to

ch

ange

Bugs

Over budget

Project late

Doesn't do what the user wants

Right product, built right

Wasted effort

BDDThe Drive for Value

Conversation Focused

Behaviour Driven Development is...

Example-based



Assumptio

n

Value DrivenBehaviour Driven Development is...

OutsideIn


A Common Language

Business Developer

Business Analyst

Tester


Executable Specifications


More value faster

Delivery Time

Trad

i.on

al

Using BDD

31% faster delivery


Higher Quality

Defect Rate

Trad

i.on

al

Using BDD

4 .mes less defects


BDDA concrete example

I want to sell train 5cket bookings online OK. How will that

benefit you?

Travellers won’t have to waste 8me queuing at the sta8on any more

So you might say: In order to save ,me by avoiding the queue at the sta,on As a travellerI want to book my ,cket online

Yes

People hate queueing. More people will buy train 8ckets if they don't

have to queue.

So why do we care?

Aha! So it’s about selling more 8ckets!

Yes

So we could say this: In order to increase ,cket sales As a rail service I want travellers to be able to save ,me by booking online

I guess so

Can you give me an example of how someone might book a train 8cket online?

Sure. A traveller buys a 8cket online from Dubbo to Sydney.

Which would cost?$25

So we could say:Given Jane wants to take a train from Dubbo to SydneyWhen she books a ,cket onlineThen she should be charged $25

Hmm. So every traveller pays the same price?

Of course not! A pensionner would only pay $20, for example.

Ok. So let’s add that example too: Given Joe wants to take a train from Dubbo to Sydney And Joe has a pension card When he books a ,cket online Then he should be charged $20 And he should be issued with a valid ,cket

Can you give me any other examples of people who don’t pay $25 for this trip?

Yes, we give students a 30% discount

Trip base cost Concession type Expected Price

$25 Pensioner $20

$25 Military $20

$25 Student $17.50

$25 Under 12 $12.50

$25 Under 3 $0.00

Let’s put this in a table

So what did we just do?

1) Identify a feature

I want to sell train 5cket bookings online

2) Understand why


To increase 5cket sales



3) Find examples

Given Jane wants to take a train from Dubbo to SydneyWhen she books a ,cket onlineThen she should be charged $25



4) Challenge assumptions


Given Joe wants to take a train from Dubbo to Sydney And Joe has a pension card When he books a ,cket online Then he should be charged $20 And he should be issued with a valid ,cket



5) Extend our model


Given Joe wants to take a train from Dubbo to Sydney And Joe has a pension card When he books a ,cket online Then he should be charged $20 And he should be issued with a valid ,cket


$25 Pensioner $20

$25 Military $20

$25 Student $17.50

$25 Under 12 $12.50

$25 Under 3 $0.00

And now we can automate


$25 Pensioner $20

$25 Military $20

$25 Student $17.50

$25 Under 12 $12.50

$25 Under 3 $0.00

Now we can automate the acceptance criteria

Acceptance criteria


$25 Pensioner $20

$25 Military $20

$25 Student $17.50

$25 Under 12 $12.50

$25 Under 3 $0.00


Automated acceptance criteria


$25 Pensioner $20

$25 Military $20

$25 Student $17.50

$25 Under 12 $12.50

$25 Under 3 $0.00


Living Documentation

BDD also applies to coding

We are always writing the specifications for something

Low level specifications

Also act as technical documentation

High Level BDDWhat features should we build?Automated acceptance criteria

Written for the whole team

Low Level BDDHow do we build them?

Low level specification and designWritten for developers

Spock

BDD and the Product Backlog

A story of focus

What should we build next?

Backlog Next Sprint

?

$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$

Backlog

$$$$$$

$$$$$

$$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

Next Sprint

?

But what about Minimum Marketable Features?

$$$$$$

$$$$$

$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$

Backlog

$$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

Next Sprint

?Minimum MarketableFeature 1 {

{Minimum MarketableFeature 2

Minimum Marketable Features or

Minimum Viable Product?

How long would it take you to rewrite your last project?

“Ignorance is the constraint”- Liz Keogh

"Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge"

- Charles Darwin

Software development is a process of Continual Incremental Learning

Known Unknowns

Unknown Unknowns

"Scientia potentia est"Knowledge is power- Sir Francis Bacon

What stories will reduce our ignorance the most?

Learning has value

$$$$$

$$$$$$

$$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$

Backlog

$$$

$$$

Next Sprint

?

???????

???????

Backlog

??????

?????

????

???

???

???

??

?

Next Sprint

?

Hunt the value!

Vision

Goals

Capabilities

Features

Stories

Scenarios

Acceptance Criteria

Code

What do you want to achieve?

What will the business get out of it?

What do users and stakeholders need to deliver these goals?

How can our application help the users to do this?

Concrete examples are easier to understand

We can break a feature up into stories

Are we there yet?

A business goal should1) Increase Revenue

2) Reduce Costs3) Protect Revenue

4) Avoid future costs

Chances of knowing

But who knows what the real goals are?

Senior M

anagem

ent

Prod

uct O

wne

rs

Busin

ess A

nalysts

Testers

Develope

rs

Role in the organiza8on

Scrum M

asters

Every story will provide value to the business

What makes you so sure?

Can you map each story back to a business goal?

\

GoalTo increase 8cket sale

revenue

CapabilitySell 8ckets online

FeaturePay by any credit card

Assumpti

on

Assumpti

on

Requirements analysis is built on assumptions

“Selling tickets online will increase

sales”

“More credit card support will

increase online sales”

\

GoalTo increase 8cket sale

revenue

CapabilitySell 8ckets online

FeaturePay by any credit card

Assumpti

on

Assumpti

on

“Selling tickets online will increase

sales”

“More credit card support will

increase online sales”

Text

How can you validate your assumptions?

...by measuring the outcomes

Impact Mapping a visual approach to identifying assumptions

To increase ticket sale revenue

Why Who How

travellers take the train more often

suggest taking the train to

friends

What

online booking

social network integration

concessions

credit card payment

1) Iden.fy your assump.ons

2) Measure the outcomes

3) Verify your assump.ons

BDD and team dynamics

Collaboration like you mean it

Story

bug reports

Working code

boring manual tes5ng

WASTE

How do you build a feature?

Working code and

Working Automated Acceptance Tests

Exploratory tes5ng, usability tes5ng...

How do you build a feature?

Shared understanding

StoryExamplesAutomated acceptance criteria

Tips and tricks

When the rubber hits the road

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"Don't tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results"

- George S. Patton

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Tailor your reporting

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You are allowed to ask ques.ons

John Ferguson Smart

Questions?

Technology

Bdd and Scrum Team Dynamics