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Microsoft Office 2007 – Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Essential Computer Concepts
2Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
• Investigate types of computersInvestigate types of computers• Examine computer systemsExamine computer systems• Examine input devicesExamine input devices• Examine output devicesExamine output devices• Investigate data processingInvestigate data processing• Understand memoryUnderstand memory
ObjectivesObjectives
3Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
• Understand storage mediaUnderstand storage media• Explore data communicationsExplore data communications• Learn about networksLearn about networks• Learn about security threatsLearn about security threats• Understand system softwareUnderstand system software• Understand application softwareUnderstand application software
ObjectivesObjectives
4Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Defining ComputersDefining Computers
A A computercomputer is an electronic device is an electronic device that:that:
• accepts inputaccepts input• processes dataprocesses data• stores datastores data• produces outputproduces output
5Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Types of Investigating Types of ComputersComputersThe categories of computers are:The categories of computers are:• Personal computersPersonal computers
• DesktopDesktop• Notebook (Laptop) Notebook (Laptop) • Tablet PCTablet PC
• Hand-heldsHand-helds• PDAsPDAs• MP3 playersMP3 players• Cell phonesCell phones
• MainframesMainframes• SupercomputersSupercomputers
6Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Types of Investigating Types of ComputersComputers
PersonalPersonal computerscomputers are used for general computing tasks. are used for general computing tasks.
Hand-heldHand-held computerscomputers fit in the palm of your hand and run fit in the palm of your hand and run on batteries.on batteries.
MainframesMainframes are used by companies to provide centralized are used by companies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data.data.
SupercomputersSupercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous volume of data.and can process an enormous volume of data.
7Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Types of ComputersInvestigating Types of Computers
• Notebook Notebook computercomputer• also referred to also referred to
as a laptop as a laptop computercomputer
• smallsmall• lightweightlightweight• portableportable
8Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Types of ComputersInvestigating Types of Computers• PDAsPDAs
• Personal Digital Personal Digital AssistantsAssistants
• generally used to maintain an electronic appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad
9Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Types of ComputersInvestigating Types of Computers
SupercomputersSupercomputers are the largest and fastest of are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous computers, and can process an enormous volume of data.volume of data.
10Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding TerminalsUnderstanding Terminals• TerminalTerminal
• has a keyboard for inputhas a keyboard for input• monitor for outputmonitor for output• processes little or no data on its ownprocesses little or no data on its own
• Terminal emulatorTerminal emulator• personal computer, workstation, or serverpersonal computer, workstation, or server• uses special software to imitate a terminaluses special software to imitate a terminal• allows the PC to communicate with he allows the PC to communicate with he
mainframe or supercomputermainframe or supercomputer
11Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems
A A computer systemcomputer system is made up of: is made up of:
• HardwareHardware—the physical components—the physical components
• SoftwareSoftware—the programs or lists of —the programs or lists of instructionsinstructions
12Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems
• ArchitectureArchitecture or or configurationconfiguration is the is the design of the computer.design of the computer.• As in, what does the computer consist As in, what does the computer consist
of?of?
• SpecificationsSpecifications are the technical details are the technical details about each component.about each component.• As in, how big is the monitor?As in, how big is the monitor?
13Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems
• Data • The words, numbers, figures,
sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas
• Processing• Modifying data
14Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems
• MotherboardMotherboard• where processing
tasks occur • located inside the
computer • the main electronic
component of the computer
• contains the CPU
15Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems
• The data you type into the computer is called The data you type into the computer is called inputinput..
• The result of the computer processing your The result of the computer processing your input is called input is called outputoutput..
• Peripheral devicesPeripheral devices accomplish the input, accomplish the input, output, and storage functions.output, and storage functions.
16Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Computer SystemsExamining Computer Systems• MicroprocessorMicroprocessor
• a silicon chip a silicon chip designed to designed to manipulate datamanipulate data
• its speed is its speed is determined by:determined by:
• Clock speedClock speed• Word sizeWord size• Processor typeProcessor type
17Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Some input devices are:Some input devices are:
• KeyboardKeyboard• MouseMouse• TrackballTrackball• Touch padTouch pad• Pointing stickPointing stick• ScannerScanner• MicrophonesMicrophones
Cordless mouseCordless mouse
18Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Using Assistive DevicesUsing Assistive Devices
• People who cannot use their arms or hands instead can use foot, head, or eye movements to control the pointer.
• People with poor vision can use keyboards with large keys for input, screen enlargers to enlarge the type and images on the monitor, or screen readers to read the content of the screen aloud.
19Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Output DevicesExamining Output Devices
• MonitorsMonitors and and printersprinters are common are common output devices.output devices.
• CRT monitorsCRT monitors and and flat panel monitorsflat panel monitors are two types of monitors.are two types of monitors.
20Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Output Examining Output DevicesDevices
Factors that influence Factors that influence a monitor’s quality a monitor’s quality
are:are:
• Screen SizeScreen Size• ResolutionResolution• Dot PitchDot Pitch
21Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Examining Output DevicesExamining Output Devices
Types of printersTypes of printers• LaserLaser• Dot MatrixDot Matrix• InkjetInkjet
InkjetInkjet printerprinter
22Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Data ProcessingInvestigating Data Processing
• A computer file is a named collection of stored data.
• An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task; for instance, the files that are used while the computer starts are executable.
• A data file is created by a user, usually with software.
23Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Data ProcessingInvestigating Data Processing
• Computers interpret every signal as Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.”“on” or “off.”
• 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bitsbits..
• Eight bits is a Eight bits is a bytebyte. Each byte . Each byte represents a unique character.represents a unique character.
24Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Data ProcessingInvestigating Data Processing
• KilobyteKilobyte ( (KBKB) = one thousand ) = one thousand bytesbytes
• MegabyteMegabyte ( (MBMB) = one million bytes) = one million bytes• GigabyteGigabyte ( (GBGB) = one billion bytes) = one billion bytes• TerabyteTerabyte ( (TBTB) = one trillion bytes) = one trillion bytes
25Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Investigating Data ProcessingInvestigating Data Processing• Each ASCII number
represents an English character
• Computers that run the Windows operating system use the set of Extended ASCII definitions defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
ANSI standard sample ASCII codeANSI standard sample ASCII code
26Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding MemoryUnderstanding Memory
• Computer Computer memorymemory is a set of storage is a set of storage locations on the motherboard.locations on the motherboard.
• There are five types of memory:There are five types of memory:• Random access memory (RAM)Random access memory (RAM)• Cache memoryCache memory• Virtual memoryVirtual memory• Read-only memoryRead-only memory• Complementary metal oxide Complementary metal oxide
semiconductor memory (CMOS)semiconductor memory (CMOS)
27Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding MemoryUnderstanding Memory
• RAMRAM • Temporary memory that is constantly Temporary memory that is constantly
changing while the computer is on.changing while the computer is on.• Also called Also called volatile memory volatile memory and and temporary temporary
memorymemory..• Cache memoryCache memory
• Special high-speed memory chip on the Special high-speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU motherboard or CPU
• Stores frequently and recently accessed data Stores frequently and recently accessed data and commands.and commands.
28Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding MemoryUnderstanding Memory
• Virtual memoryVirtual memory is extra memory that is extra memory that simulates RAM if more is needed.simulates RAM if more is needed.
• Read-only memory (ROM)Read-only memory (ROM) is the permanent is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses.computer uses.
• CMOSCMOS memory is semi-permanent memory is semi-permanent information about where essential software is information about where essential software is stored.stored.
29Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media
• Magnetic storage devices • Store data as magnetized
particles on mylar, which is then coated on both sides with a magnetic oxide coating
30Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media• Common magnetic storage
devices • hard disks—several magnetic oxide
covered metal platters usually sealed in a case inside the computer
• tape—inexpensive, slow, archival storage for large companies who need to back up large quantities of data.
• floppy disks—flat circles of magnetic oxide-coated mylar enclosed in a hard plastic case; almost obsolete
31Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media
• Optical storage devices• polycarbonate discs coated with a
reflective metal on which data is recorded using laser technology as a trail of tiny pits or dark spots in the surface of the disc
• the data that these pits or spots represent can then be “read” with a beam of laser light
32Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media
• Types of optical storage devicesTypes of optical storage devices• CD—can store 700 MB of dataCD—can store 700 MB of data• DVD—can store between 4.7 and DVD—can store between 4.7 and
15.9 GB of data15.9 GB of data• Blu-ray discs and HD-DVD can store Blu-ray discs and HD-DVD can store
between 15 and 50 GB of databetween 15 and 50 GB of data
33Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media
• Flash memory—similar to ROM except that it can be written to more than once.
• Flash memory cards• small, portable cards encased in hard
plastic to which data can be written and rewritten
• used in digital cameras, handheld computers, video game controllers, and other devices
34Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Understanding Storage MediaUnderstanding Storage Media• USB flash storage
device (USB drive, flash drive)
• popular type of flash memory
• available in a wide range of sizes from 32 MB to 16 GB
• plug directly into the USB port of a personal computer
• are about the size of a pack of gum and often have a ring that you can attach to your key chain.
35Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Erasing and Rewriting on Erasing and Rewriting on CDs and DVDsCDs and DVDs
• CD-ROMCD-ROMs are for “read-only” access.s are for “read-only” access.
• CD-RCD-R drives allow you to record data on a drives allow you to record data on a CD-R disk.CD-R disk.
• CD-RWCD-RW drives allow you to write data on a drives allow you to write data on a CD-RW disk and access and modify data.CD-RW disk and access and modify data.
• DVD-RDVD-R and and DVD+RDVD+R are recordable. are recordable.
36Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
Data communicationsData communications is the transmission of text, is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another.another.
The four essential components of data communications The four essential components of data communications are:are:• SenderSender• ChannelChannel• ReceiverReceiver• ProtocolsProtocols
37Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
• A A sendersender is the computer that originates the is the computer that originates the message.message.
• The The messagemessage is sent over a channel, such as a is sent over a channel, such as a telephone.telephone.
• The The receiverreceiver is the computer at the message’s is the computer at the message’s destination.destination.
• ProtocolsProtocols are the rules that establish the are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver.transfer of data between sender and receiver.
38Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications• Device driver (or simply driver)
• handles the transmission protocol between a computer and its peripheral devices
• a computer program that can establish communication because it contains information about the characteristics of your computer and of the device
• Data bus • the data path between the microprocessor,
RAM, and the peripherals along which communication travels
39Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
Components needed to connect a printer to a computerComponents needed to connect a printer to a computer
40Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
PCs have several types of ports:PCs have several types of ports:• ParallelParallel• SerialSerial• SCSISCSI• USBUSB• MIDIMIDI• EthernetEthernet
41Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
• Parallel port—Parallel port—transmits data eight bits at a transmits data eight bits at a timetime
• Serial portSerial port—transmits data one bit at a time—transmits data one bit at a time• SCSI SCSI (small computer system interface,
pronounced “scuzzy”) port—port—provides an provides an interface for one or more peripheral devices interface for one or more peripheral devices at the same portat the same port
• USB USB (Universal Serial Bus) port—port—a high-a high-speed serial port which allows multiple speed serial port which allows multiple connections at the same portconnections at the same port
42Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications• Sound card port—usually includes jacks Sound card port—usually includes jacks
for speakers and a microphone, which are for speakers and a microphone, which are designed to work with a designed to work with a MIDI MIDI ((Musical Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceInstrument Digital Interface, pronounced , pronounced “middy”) “middy”) cardcard
• Ethernet port—Ethernet port—used to connect to used to connect to another computer, a LAN, a modem, or another computer, a LAN, a modem, or sometimes directly to the Internet; allows sometimes directly to the Internet; allows data to be transmitted at high speeds.data to be transmitted at high speeds.
43Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Exploring Data Exploring Data CommunicationsCommunications
Computer ports and connectionsComputer ports and connections
Power connection
Mouse port
FireWire port
Network port
Phone line connection
Speaker and microphone connections
USB ports
Monitor port
Audio connection
Keyboard port
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Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks• NetworkNetwork
• connects one computer to other computers and connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devicesperipheral devices
• Network interface cardNetwork interface card ( (NICNIC) ) • creates a communications channel between the creates a communications channel between the
computer and the networkcomputer and the network• a cable connects the NIC port to the networka cable connects the NIC port to the network
• Network softwareNetwork software• establishes the communications protocols that will establishes the communications protocols that will
be observed on the networkbe observed on the network• controls the traffic flow of data traveling through controls the traffic flow of data traveling through
the networkthe network
45Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
• ServerServer• acts as the central storage location for programs • provides mass storage for most of the data used on the
network• ClientClient—computers on a network dependent on a —computers on a network dependent on a
serverserver• Client/server networkClient/server network—a network with server that —a network with server that
acts as the central storage locationacts as the central storage location• Peer-to-peer networkPeer-to-peer network
• a network without a server a network without a server • all of the computers are equalall of the computers are equal
46Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
• Standalone computerStandalone computer—a—a personal computer that is not connected to a network
• WorkstationWorkstation—a—a personal computer that is connected to a network
• NodeNode—any device connected to the —any device connected to the networknetwork
47Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
Network configurationNetwork configuration
Workstation
Workstation
Your local workstation
Server Printer
48Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks• LANLAN ( (local area networklocal area network))
• computers and peripherals located close to each computers and peripherals located close to each otherother
• WAN WAN ((wide area networkwide area network))• more than one LAN connected together• the Internet is the largest example of a WAN
• WLAN WLAN ((wireless local area networkwireless local area network))• computers and peripherals that use high-
frequency radio waves instead of wires to communicate and connect in a network
• Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) describes WLANs connected using a standard radio frequency established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
49Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks• PAN PAN ((personal area networkpersonal area network)—)—a network that
allows two or more devices located close to each other to communicate or to connect a device to the Internet
• infrared technologyinfrared technology——uses infrared light waves to beam data from one device to another
• BluetoothBluetooth——uses short range radio waves to connect a device wirelessly to another device or to the Internet
• WiMAX WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
• allows computers to connect over many miles to a LAN• a WiMAX tower sends signals to a WiMAX receiver built or
plugged into a computer
50Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
Using modems to send and receive dataUsing modems to send and receive data
Sending site
Digital signal
Modem
Analog signal
Modem
Digital signal
Receiving site
51Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats
• Security • refers to the steps a computer
owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer
52Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats• Malware
• describes any program that is intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner’s permission
• Viruses • harmful programs that instruct your computer
to perform destructive activities, such as erasing a disk drive
• Antivirus software (virus protection software) searches executable files for the sequences of characters that may cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands
53Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats• Spyware
• programs contained with other programs that track a computer user’s Internet usage and send this data back to the company or person that created it
• usually installed without the computer user’s permission or knowledge
• Anti-spyware software detects spyware and deletes them
• Adware • software installed with another program usually with the
user’s permission• generates advertising revenue for the program’s creator
by displaying targeted ads to the program’s user
54Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats• Firewall
• prevents other computers on the Internet from accessing a computer and prevents programs on a computer from accessing the Internet without the computer user’s permission
• can be either hardware or software• router
• a device that controls traffic between network components
• usually has a built-in firewall.
• software firewalls track all incoming and outgoing traffic
55Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats• Spoofed site
• a Web site set up to look like another Web site, but which does not belong to the organization portrayed in the site
• the URL (address on the Web) looks similar to a URL from the legitimate site
• usually set up to try to convince customers of the real site to enter personal information
• Phishing • the practice of sending e-mails to customers or potential
customers of a legitimate Web site asking them to click a link in the e-mail
• the link leads to a spoofed site• Pharming
• when a criminal breaks into a DNS server (a computer responsible for directing Internet traffic) and redirect any attempts to access a particular Web site to the criminal’s spoofed site
56Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Premium Video Edition
Protecting Information with Protecting Information with PasswordsPasswords• Logging inLogging in
• signing in with a user name and signing in with a user name and passwordpassword
• Strong passwordStrong password• at least eight charactersat least eight characters• consists of upper- and lowercase letters consists of upper- and lowercase letters
and numbersand numbers• does not include common personal does not include common personal
informationinformation