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APWA CFB Lunch and Learn - Aquatic Plant Control - Helena Products
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Chance DuBose
Leading The Way
Helena: Aquatic Plant Control 101
Chance DuBose, Tim McDuffie IVM Account Manager’s
James Boggs Jr., Branch Manager, Florida IVM
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Presentation Outline (Approximately)
• Introduction • Types of Aquatic Plants (Know your enemy) • Control Methods (IPM/BMPs) • Herbicide Application Techniques • Herbicides Available for Aquatic Use • Special Considerations for Aquatic Treatments • Reference Material • Questions and Answers
Aquatic Weeds
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INTRODUCTION
Aquatic Weeds
4.1.4
Aquatic Food Chain or Energy Pyramid
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INTRODUCTION
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.5
For the purpose of this discussion aquatic weeds (plants) can be categorized as:
Algae
Floating Plants
Submersed (Submerged) – under water
Emersed (Emergent) – above water
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INTRODUCTION
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.6
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ALGAE
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.7
PLANKTONIC ALGAE (Unicellular)
Suspended in top few feet of water
May form undesirable “blooms”
Heavy blooms can resemble a paint spill
Decaying blooms deplete oxygen in water
May release toxins into the water
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ALGAE
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.8
PLANKTONIC ALGAL SCUM
Normally a Blue-Green Algae
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Toxic Algae: St. Johns River Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
(unicellular or planktonic)
Aquatic Weeds
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ALGAE
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.10
FILAMENTOUS ALGAE
Always there, as small to microscopic threads
Form fur-like mats on submerged surfaces
Overabundance causes problems
Mats can break free and float
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LYNGBYA: SPRING’S IN FLORIDA (filamentous)
Aquatic Weeds
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ALGAE
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.12
FILAMENTOUS ALGAL MAT- Lyngbya (blue-green algae)
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HIGHER ALGAE
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.13
ATTACHED-ERECT ALGAE
Resemble higher plants
Found in hard (mineral-rich) water
Muskgrass and Stonewort
Have odor and bristly,
gritty feel
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FLOATING WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.14
DUCKWEED
Tiny to small plants
Often mistaken for algae
Herbicide- Clipper (Flumioxazine)
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FLOATING WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.15
DUCKWEED- Rarely exists alone
4 different floating plants in photo
All 4 can reproduce very rapidly
High Nutrient load here
Control can lead to algal dominated system
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FLOATING WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.16
Water Hyacinth
INTRODUCED FLOATING WEEDS
Origin: Tropical South America
Hardball (2,4-D) for control
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Know your Enemy Example- 2,4-D Controls Hyacinth
Aquatic Weeds
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SUBMERSED WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.18
PONDWEEDS
Appearance varies by species
10 species in US and at least
5 are in Florida Copyright 2000 University of Florida
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SUBMERSED WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.19
Hydrilla sp.
Introduced
Rooted in substrate
Tubers
Teeth on leaves
variable whorls
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Know your Enemy-
Aquathol control Hydrilla sp.
Aquatic Weeds
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EMERSED WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.21
CATTAILS- Typha spp.
Familiar and common Flower Spike like corndog Roots are edible
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EMERSED WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.22
CREEPING WATERPRIMROSE
Introduced
Forms dense mats
New Sp. In Kissimmee
Chain
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EMERSED WEEDS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.23
BULRUSHES-
Many species, some endangered
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Know your Enemy Example
Aquatic Weeds
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AQUATIC WEED CONTROL
4.1.25
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM)
PREVENTIVE
MECHANICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
Aquatic Weeds
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.26
POND AND DITCH DESIGN
FERTILIZATION (ALGAL GROWTH)
REDUCE LIGHT (AQUASHADE)
DRAINING AND DRYING
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AQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.27
Mechanical
Chemical
Biological
Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
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MECHANICAL METHODS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.28
CHAINING, DRAGLINE CLEARING
MACHINE HARVESTING
CHOPPING/MOWING MACHINES
HAND SKIMMING
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MECHANICAL METHODS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.29
MACHINE HARVESTING
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.30
TILAPIA
INSECTS GRASS CARP
Photo – Belinda Hoots
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.31
Photo – Belinda Hoots
“POSTER CHILD”
Before 1964 --- After 1965
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.32
Photo – Belinda Hoots
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CHEMICAL CONTROLS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.33
Prefer to use Herbicide instead of Chemical
(Most every thing is a chemical)
UNDERSTAND AND CARRY OUT ALL LABEL WARNINGS
AND DIRECTIONS
CORRECTLY IDENTIFY THE TARGET WEED(S)
CALCULATE AREA AND VOLUME ACCURATELY- Surface
vs. Submersed Treatments
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HERBICIDE DISPERSAL
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.34
FORMULATION AND APPLICATION METHOD
Liquid Formulations:
Can be surface or sub-surface treatment
No sub-surface with aircraft (trailing hoses)
Granular Formulations:
Can be hand spread, hand-held spreader, with boat or aircraft
Granules can be Safer, Specific Placement
Normally more expensive and labor intensive
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HERBICIDE DISPERSAL
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.35
Helicopter Liquid and Granular Application
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HERBICIDE DISPERSAL
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.36
Airboat application of granular products
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DOUBLE SPREADERS
Aquatic Weeds
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SUB-SURFACE LIQUID APPLICATION
WEIGHTED TRAILING HOSES OR
CAN POSITION JUST ABOVE THE WATER
Aquatic Weeds
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Hoses behind boat to avoid debris and trailing hose configuration
Submersed Cont.
Aquatic Weeds
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Surface Applications
Aquatic Weeds
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Originally 7 Aquatic Herbicides Currently 15 Products Registered for use in Florida
Aquatic Weeds
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**ALGAECIDE PRODUCTS**
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.42
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR ALGAE-all contact products
Copper
Diquat
Endothall (Hydrothol 191)
Hydrogen Dioxide
Blue Dye (light Attenuation) Preventative Copper sulfate nuggets and crystals
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CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.43
FOR FLOATING WEEDS
2,4-D (Organo-auxin)
Diquat (Divalent Cation)
Endothall (aquathol)
Glyphosate (Rodeo™)
Carfentrazone-ethyl (PPO)
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CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.44
FOR SUBMERSED WEEDS
2,4-D
Diquat (photosynthesis & cell membrane)
Endothall (unspecified mode of action)
Fluridone (Inhibition of phytoene desaturase (pds) enzyme)
Carfentrazone-ethyl (PPO inhibitor)
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CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.45
FOR EMERSED WEEDS
2,4-D (Amine, Ester, and Acid)
Diquat Dibromide
Endothall Products
Glyphosate (Rodeo™)
Carfentrazone-ethyl
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Newer to Aquatics (Labeled)
Triclopyr (Renovate) (organo-auxin) Imazapyr- Broad spectrum (ALS Inhibitor) Carfentrazone-ethyl (Stingray) (PPO Inhibitor)
was FMC… Recently picked up by SePRO? Synergistic effects
Aquatic Weeds
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Latest Round of Products Most are Acetolactate Synthase or ALS inhibitors
ALS Resistance is almost certain with repetitive treatments
Penoxsulam (Galleon) only use limit is irrigation Imazamox (Clearcast)- Selective-no use restriction
Good on Taro, Tallow, phrag., Hyacinth, 3-7 d on Hyd. Bispyribac (Tradewind) Slow, but long term contrl Flumioxazin (Clipper)
PPO or Protox enzyme inhibitor: protoporphyrinogen oxidase is the enzyme inhibited
Following rice and terrestrial trend. Fluridone resistance stimulated look at ALS.
Aquatic Weeds
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ALS Continued: Recent use Pattern
Penoxsulam and Endothall are good together Additivity or synergy has been observed Reduce biomass and exposure time
requirement **Too early to draw consistent conclusions
about increased efficacy and longevity
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What’s Next In Aquatics???
Grass Control Herbicides- From Researchers Fluazifop or Fusilade II, for one Oasis from SePRO- true bleacher HPPD Triax from SePRO- Copper, Diquat and
Fluridone mixed in one product.
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Aquatic Treatments
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.50
WATER MAY BE…
STATIC
LIMITED-FLOW
MOVING
This affects what happens to your treatment
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS in Aquatic Systems
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.51
USE GOOD WORK PRACTICES and PROPER HERBICIDE STEWARDSHIP: the label is the law!
Protect ground water by protecting surface water
Avoid drift, leaching and run-off
Avoid unintentional contamination of water
Check for label changes and read and follow the label
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS in Aquatic Systems
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.52
WHAT IS THE WATER USED FOR?
There may be many answers
The answer(s) will affect your methods and choice of materials
Drinking, Swimming, Irrigation, Live Stock etc.
THE LABEL WILL WARN YOU ON WHAT TO LOOK FOR
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS in Aquatic Systems
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.53
WHAT ARE THE DOWNSTREAM USES OF THE WATER?
Crops could be damaged
Salt marshes, estuaries could be impacted/affected
Industrial plants could be affected
Drinking water supply could be affected
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DRINKING WATER SUPPLY!!
Aquatic Weeds
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Wekiva River
JAX NAS
St. Johns River
River Water for Domestic Purposes
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS in Aquatic Systems
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.56
LIMITED-AREA APPLICATIONS vs. WHOLE LAKE TREATMENTS
**Some Labels Recommend “Split Treatments”
Gives fish a safer haven than the treated site
Done with low-toxicity applications
Less oxygen depletion (hot weather)
Good for Thick Infestations
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Reference Material
Aquatic Plants
4.1.57
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APIS Aquatic Plant Information System (now online)
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Reference Material WEB Sites
Aquatic Weeds 4.1.60
http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/invasive_species/index.htm
http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/ie6/index.html
http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx?t=
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/
http://www.fw.umn.edu/research/milfoil/milfoilbc.html
http://www.apms.org/
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/nreos/wild/fisheries/weed_mgt/
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AQUATIC WEEDS
4.1.61
THE END!
Any Question?
Chance DuBose 407-256-2342 cell [email protected]
