Country Report: Country Report: INDONESIAINDONESIA

By: Suhartono ZAHIRBy: Suhartono ZAHIR

IAEA/RCA Mid-term Review Meeting of Focal IAEA/RCA Mid-term Review Meeting of Focal Persons on Radiation ProtectionPersons on Radiation ProtectionBeijing, CHINA. 7-11 June 2004Beijing, CHINA. 7-11 June 2004

IntroductionIntroduction

• Act No.31 Year 1964 on Nuclear Energy, The control Act No.31 Year 1964 on Nuclear Energy, The control of nuclear energy use a bureau inside National of nuclear energy use a bureau inside National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN)Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN)

• Act No.10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy, Act No.10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy, - National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) as - National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) as

Promotional BodyPromotional Body - National Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency - National Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency

(BAPETEN) as Regulatory Body.(BAPETEN) as Regulatory Body.• Presidential Decree No. 76 Year 1998, BAPETEN is Presidential Decree No. 76 Year 1998, BAPETEN is

under and directly responsible to the President of under and directly responsible to the President of R.I.R.I.

• BAPETEN receives the budget from the Government.BAPETEN receives the budget from the Government.

• Constitution of Republic of Indonesia;Constitution of Republic of Indonesia;• Edict of People Consultative Assembly;Edict of People Consultative Assembly;

• ActAct;;• Government RegulationGovernment Regulation (GR); (GR); • GR as an Amendment of Act;GR as an Amendment of Act;

• Presidential Decree;Presidential Decree;• Decree ofDecree of Ministerial, Departmental Ministerial, Departmental

Minister or Minister or ChairmanChairman of Non-departmental of Non-departmental Agencies; andAgencies; and

• Local Regulations. Local Regulations.

1. Legislative & regulatory 1. Legislative & regulatory infrastructureinfrastructure

• Act No 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy Act No 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy

• GR No. 63 Year 2000 on Safety and Health against Ionizing GR No. 63 Year 2000 on Safety and Health against Ionizing Radiation;Radiation;

• GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy Utilization;GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy Utilization;• GR No. 26 Year 2002 on Safe Transport of Radioactive Material; GR No. 26 Year 2002 on Safe Transport of Radioactive Material;

and and • GR No. 27 Year 2002 on Radioactive Waste Management. GR No. 27 Year 2002 on Radioactive Waste Management.

• Currently, there are 31 Bapeten’s Chairman Decrees as Currently, there are 31 Bapeten’s Chairman Decrees as implementing regulation. For example: CD No 01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-implementing regulation. For example: CD No 01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 on Occupational Radiation Safety 99 on Occupational Radiation Safety

• GR No 63 and No 64 Year 2000 and CD No 01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 GR No 63 and No 64 Year 2000 and CD No 01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 will be soon amended. The concept is mainly adopt BSS-115.will be soon amended. The concept is mainly adopt BSS-115.

Regulatory infrastructureRegulatory infrastructure

• Nuclear Energy Regulatory Authority (BAPETEN) as Nuclear Energy Regulatory Authority (BAPETEN) as regulatory authority for utilization of nuclear energy, regulatory authority for utilization of nuclear energy, including radioactive material and radiation sources and including radioactive material and radiation sources and safeguards.safeguards.

• BAPETEN performs rulemaking, licensing and inspection.BAPETEN performs rulemaking, licensing and inspection.• Article 17 of Act No. 10 Year 1997 determines that any Article 17 of Act No. 10 Year 1997 determines that any

activities related to nuclear energy utilization shall be activities related to nuclear energy utilization shall be consent to license, regardless of particular condition shall consent to license, regardless of particular condition shall be subject to exemption that further be settled on GR;be subject to exemption that further be settled on GR;

• GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy Utilization intended for licensing process of any practice Utilization intended for licensing process of any practice relating to the utilization of radioactive material, radiation relating to the utilization of radioactive material, radiation sources and nuclear material, which encompasses sources and nuclear material, which encompasses requirements and general procedures to obtain license, requirements and general procedures to obtain license, compulsory and responsibilities of licensee, administrative compulsory and responsibilities of licensee, administrative provisions, and inspection.provisions, and inspection.

2. Activities of Regulatory 2. Activities of Regulatory AuthorityAuthority

• GR No. 64 Year 2000 pursuant to Article 20 of the Act: GR No. 64 Year 2000 pursuant to Article 20 of the Act: BAPETEN undertake inspection to any nuclear BAPETEN undertake inspection to any nuclear installations and radiation facilities in order to ensure installations and radiation facilities in order to ensure the compliance to license requirements and conditions the compliance to license requirements and conditions as well as applicable nuclear law. as well as applicable nuclear law.

• BAPETEN has its own right to assign inspectors based BAPETEN has its own right to assign inspectors based on their qualifications. Inspection shall be performed on their qualifications. Inspection shall be performed periodically or at any time with or without notification. periodically or at any time with or without notification.

• Inspectors as referred to in Article 13 of this GR have Inspectors as referred to in Article 13 of this GR have their tasks and authority to go into any installations their tasks and authority to go into any installations and premises where sources are used or stored, to and premises where sources are used or stored, to perform inspection during evaluation of license perform inspection during evaluation of license application, to undertake radiation monitoring, and to application, to undertake radiation monitoring, and to terminate any practice whenever emergency condition terminate any practice whenever emergency condition which could lead to radiation hazard should occur. which could lead to radiation hazard should occur.

InspectionInspection

• BAPETEN established “Quality Assurance Program of BAPETEN established “Quality Assurance Program of BAPETEN Rev 0.0” in March 23rd, 2001: a Level-1 document BAPETEN Rev 0.0” in March 23rd, 2001: a Level-1 document that formulates quality management system of BAPETEN. that formulates quality management system of BAPETEN.

• Currently, the document is being updated. Final Draft of Currently, the document is being updated. Final Draft of Revision 1.0 is adopting widely from the IAEA-TECDOC-1090 Revision 1.0 is adopting widely from the IAEA-TECDOC-1090 “Quality assurance within regulatory bodies.” (June, 1999). “Quality assurance within regulatory bodies.” (June, 1999).

• Management procedures of rulemaking, licensing and Management procedures of rulemaking, licensing and inspection, and assessment manuals are available. All of inspection, and assessment manuals are available. All of these documents are guideline to realize a systematic and these documents are guideline to realize a systematic and planned activities to ensure an effective and efficient planned activities to ensure an effective and efficient regulatory program for radiation protection and the safety regulatory program for radiation protection and the safety of radiation sources. of radiation sources.

• The documents also identify all BAPETEN stakeholders to The documents also identify all BAPETEN stakeholders to make it possible for an effective and efficient coordination make it possible for an effective and efficient coordination and or supervision.and or supervision.

Quality management systemQuality management system

Dosimetry services available:Dosimetry services available:

• CRSNB BATAN. Pasar Jumat Facility, Jakarta. Accredited by CRSNB BATAN. Pasar Jumat Facility, Jakarta. Accredited by KAN. Dosimeter type TLD (Beta, Gamma, X-ray & KAN. Dosimeter type TLD (Beta, Gamma, X-ray & Neutron) and Film (Gamma, X-ray)Neutron) and Film (Gamma, X-ray)

• CWM BATAN. Serpong Facility. No accreditation: Film CWM BATAN. Serpong Facility. No accreditation: Film (Gamma, X-ray)(Gamma, X-ray)

• MOH: BPFK Jakarta. No accreditation: Film (Gamma, X-ray)MOH: BPFK Jakarta. No accreditation: Film (Gamma, X-ray)• MOH: BPFK Medan, North Sumatra. No accreditation: Film MOH: BPFK Medan, North Sumatra. No accreditation: Film

(Gamma, X-ray)(Gamma, X-ray)• MOH: BPFK Surabaya, East Java. No accreditation: Film MOH: BPFK Surabaya, East Java. No accreditation: Film

(Gamma, X-ray)(Gamma, X-ray)• MOH: BPFK Makassar, South Sulawesi. No accreditation: MOH: BPFK Makassar, South Sulawesi. No accreditation:

Film (Gamma, X-ray)Film (Gamma, X-ray)

3. Control of occupational 3. Control of occupational radiation exposureradiation exposure

• SSDL BATAN is available for the purpose of output SSDL BATAN is available for the purpose of output calibration of 100 kV X-ray to gamma ray (Co-60) calibration of 100 kV X-ray to gamma ray (Co-60) used in radiotherapy. used in radiotherapy.

• Calibration of radiation protection level Calibration of radiation protection level instruments by using 40 kV X-ray to gamma ray instruments by using 40 kV X-ray to gamma ray (Co-60), the standard is traceable to PTB-(Co-60), the standard is traceable to PTB-Germany. Germany.

• Am-Be is used for calibration of neutron Am-Be is used for calibration of neutron surveymeters in radiation protection, the surveymeters in radiation protection, the standard is traceable to ETL-Japan. standard is traceable to ETL-Japan.

• The quality management system of SSDL BATEN The quality management system of SSDL BATEN is in the process of national accreditation on SNI is in the process of national accreditation on SNI 19-17027 (ISO 17025). 19-17027 (ISO 17025).

CalibrationCalibration

• Dosimetry services are available for direct monitoring of Dosimetry services are available for direct monitoring of intakes radionuclides, while for indirect measurement is intakes radionuclides, while for indirect measurement is also available by bioassay method using Low Background also available by bioassay method using Low Background Counter Instrument. Counter Instrument.

• The management system uses GLP (Good laboratory The management system uses GLP (Good laboratory Practice) and in the preparation toward national Practice) and in the preparation toward national accreditation system.accreditation system.

• Workplace monitoring has to be conducted by every Workplace monitoring has to be conducted by every nuclear installation and radiation facility as it is stated by nuclear installation and radiation facility as it is stated by Article No. 14 of GR No 63 Year 2000. Article No. 14 of GR No 63 Year 2000.

• The licensee of those installations has to provide radiation The licensee of those installations has to provide radiation protection equipments, individual dose monitoring, protection equipments, individual dose monitoring, workplace monitoring and also environmental monitoring workplace monitoring and also environmental monitoring system (Article No. 18 of GR No 63 Year 2000). system (Article No. 18 of GR No 63 Year 2000).

• Regulatory inspection performed by BAPETEN also verify if Regulatory inspection performed by BAPETEN also verify if licensee carry out workplace monitoring regularlylicensee carry out workplace monitoring regularly

Individual and workplace monitoringIndividual and workplace monitoring

Patient protection in diag. & interventional radiologyPatient protection in diag. & interventional radiology

• Final Draft of CD on “Safety Provision in Diagnostic Final Draft of CD on “Safety Provision in Diagnostic Radiology”: will amend the Chairman Decree No. 01P/Ka-Radiology”: will amend the Chairman Decree No. 01P/Ka-BAPETEN/I-03 on Guidance Level for Radiodiagnostic BAPETEN/I-03 on Guidance Level for Radiodiagnostic Patient” (enacted in Jan 2003.) Patient” (enacted in Jan 2003.)

• It governs both diagnostic and interventional radiology, It governs both diagnostic and interventional radiology, and is mainly refers to BSS-115 and IAEA Safety Guide No. and is mainly refers to BSS-115 and IAEA Safety Guide No. RS-G-1.5 (2002). RS-G-1.5 (2002).

• Internally, this draft refers to Chairman Decree No. 01/Ka-Internally, this draft refers to Chairman Decree No. 01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 on Occupational Radiation Safety (This BAPETEN/V-99 on Occupational Radiation Safety (This Decree is also in the process of amendment based on BSS-Decree is also in the process of amendment based on BSS-115). 115).

• Other international standards are also used in the draft Other international standards are also used in the draft particularly in the chapter of quality assurance in particularly in the chapter of quality assurance in diagnostic radiology. diagnostic radiology.

4. Control of medical exposure4. Control of medical exposure

• Safety principles: justification, optimization Safety principles: justification, optimization (including guidance levels) and limitation;(including guidance levels) and limitation;

• Administrative principles:Administrative principles:– Organization: Requirement for radiologist, medical Organization: Requirement for radiologist, medical

physicist, medical radiographer, radiography physicist, medical radiographer, radiography operator, radiation safety officer and nurses, andoperator, radiation safety officer and nurses, and

– Quality assuranceQuality assurance, including quality control by , including quality control by means of means of compliance testcompliance test protocol and mechanism; protocol and mechanism;

• Technical requirements: Design Technical requirements: Design considerations, radiation source device considerations, radiation source device requirements, operational considerations, requirements, operational considerations, facility requirements, installment, radiation facility requirements, installment, radiation protection equipment; andprotection equipment; and

• Investigation on medical exposure accident.Investigation on medical exposure accident.

““Safety Provision in Diagnostic Safety Provision in Diagnostic

Radiology”Radiology” (Final Draft)(Final Draft)

• BAPETEN established Chairman Decree No. 21/Ka-BAPETEN established Chairman Decree No. 21/Ka-BAPETEN/XII-02 (2002) on “Quality Assurance Program for BAPETEN/XII-02 (2002) on “Quality Assurance Program for Radiotherapy Installation” based fully on the IAEA-TECDOC-Radiotherapy Installation” based fully on the IAEA-TECDOC-1040 (1998) 1040 (1998)

• In Sept 2003, BAPETEN in coordination with Ministry of In Sept 2003, BAPETEN in coordination with Ministry of Health and Indonesian Radiation Oncologist Society (PORI) Health and Indonesian Radiation Oncologist Society (PORI) organize a national seminar on this CD. organize a national seminar on this CD.

• Professors of universities; radiation oncologist, medical Professors of universities; radiation oncologist, medical physicist and hospital director (as licensee and or employer) physicist and hospital director (as licensee and or employer) of all 19 hospitals with therapy facility came to the seminar. of all 19 hospitals with therapy facility came to the seminar.

• Recommendation was made to improve the facility Recommendation was made to improve the facility equipment, personnel training and quality management equipment, personnel training and quality management system. system.

• Starting in this Year, BAPETEN perform quality audits in Starting in this Year, BAPETEN perform quality audits in radiotherapy installations as a pilot project. BAPETEN radiotherapy installations as a pilot project. BAPETEN planned to do this quality audits annually. planned to do this quality audits annually.

Patient protection in radiotherapyPatient protection in radiotherapy

• Short lived solid and liquid wastes should be managed by the Short lived solid and liquid wastes should be managed by the user. user.

• Radioactive wastes should be collected and stored for a Radioactive wastes should be collected and stored for a sufficient time under controlled conditions until they decay to sufficient time under controlled conditions until they decay to below a clearance limit. below a clearance limit.

• Radioactive waste can be discharge to the environment after the Radioactive waste can be discharge to the environment after the user obtains an authorization from BAPETEN user obtains an authorization from BAPETEN

• For clearance level, BAPETEN adopts the IAEA-TECDOC-1000 on For clearance level, BAPETEN adopts the IAEA-TECDOC-1000 on “clearance of materials resulting from the use of radio nuclides “clearance of materials resulting from the use of radio nuclides in medicine, industry and research”. in medicine, industry and research”.

• GR No. 63 Year 2000: The user shall to monitor the radioactivity GR No. 63 Year 2000: The user shall to monitor the radioactivity level in the environment routinely, periodically, and/or level in the environment routinely, periodically, and/or incidentally and the record must to be sent to BAPETEN incidentally and the record must to be sent to BAPETEN periodically.periodically.

5. Control of public exposure5. Control of public exposure

• Any nature or legal person deems to undertake utilization of Any nature or legal person deems to undertake utilization of nuclear energy shall declare to BAPETEN whether their existing nuclear energy shall declare to BAPETEN whether their existing and anticipated radioactive waste will be returned to the and anticipated radioactive waste will be returned to the original country or to be submitted to BATAN.original country or to be submitted to BATAN.

• The return of radioactive waste to the original country shall be The return of radioactive waste to the original country shall be sucbject for approval from BAPETEN.sucbject for approval from BAPETEN.

• In the case of BATAN shall manage the radioactive waste, In the case of BATAN shall manage the radioactive waste, BAPETEN shall inform such declaration to BATAN.BAPETEN shall inform such declaration to BATAN.

BATAN responsibilities:BATAN responsibilities:• establishing procedures on radioactive waste management;establishing procedures on radioactive waste management;• managing radioactive wastes;managing radioactive wastes;• providing storage facilities for low and medium level wastes, providing storage facilities for low and medium level wastes,

and final reposition facility for high level waste; andand final reposition facility for high level waste; and• providing guidance on radioactive waste management providing guidance on radioactive waste management

techniques to the user.techniques to the user.

National waste management National waste management

strategystrategy

• Act No. 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy; Article 17 and 27.Act No. 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy; Article 17 and 27.• GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing of Nuclear Energy

Utilization includes approval for transport of radioactive Utilization includes approval for transport of radioactive material.material.

• GR No. 26 Year 2002 on Safe Transport of Radioactive GR No. 26 Year 2002 on Safe Transport of Radioactive Material.Material.

• CD No. 04/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 on Safe Transport of CD No. 04/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 on Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, Radioactive Material,

• CD No. 05-P/Ka-BAPETEN/VII-00 on Guide for Safe Transport CD No. 05-P/Ka-BAPETEN/VII-00 on Guide for Safe Transport of Radioactive Material Requirements. of Radioactive Material Requirements.

• Both CDs were adapted from the IAEA Safety Guide No. Both CDs were adapted from the IAEA Safety Guide No. 6/1985 and will be soon revised with a concept adopted 6/1985 and will be soon revised with a concept adopted from Safety Guide No. ST-1 Rev 1 (2000).from Safety Guide No. ST-1 Rev 1 (2000).

6. Transport safety6. Transport safety

• BAPATEN as national competent authority. GR No. 26 Year 2002: BAPATEN as national competent authority. GR No. 26 Year 2002: – In case of accident during transportation, Shipper shall report to In case of accident during transportation, Shipper shall report to

BAPETEN, to other relevant agencies and to receiver. BAPETEN, to other relevant agencies and to receiver. – In order to propose a transport-permit as one of requirement, shipper In order to propose a transport-permit as one of requirement, shipper

shall submit a procedure to cope the most credible emergency or shall submit a procedure to cope the most credible emergency or accident during their transportation.accident during their transportation.

– This emergency response procedure will be evaluated by BAPETEN This emergency response procedure will be evaluated by BAPETEN before issuing a license of transportations.before issuing a license of transportations.

• National coordination and cooperation with Department of National coordination and cooperation with Department of Transportation, Customs, Police Department, airline companies, Transportation, Customs, Police Department, airline companies, etc: executive & managerial meeting, regular training course,etcetc: executive & managerial meeting, regular training course,etc

• Indonesia is a member of IAEA Illicit Trafficking Database program. Indonesia is a member of IAEA Illicit Trafficking Database program. • Indonesia has signed international conventions related to the safe Indonesia has signed international conventions related to the safe

transport: Nuclear safety, NPT, Physical protection of nuclear transport: Nuclear safety, NPT, Physical protection of nuclear material, Early notification of nuclear accident, Assistance in the material, Early notification of nuclear accident, Assistance in the case of Nuclear accident or radiological emergency, and SEANWFZ. case of Nuclear accident or radiological emergency, and SEANWFZ.

Coordination and cooperationCoordination and cooperation

Chapter VI of GR No 63 Year 2000 stated that:Chapter VI of GR No 63 Year 2000 stated that:• The operator shall prevent radiological accident;The operator shall prevent radiological accident;• In the case of radiation accident, the operator shall carry In the case of radiation accident, the operator shall carry

out the emergency response and preparedness;out the emergency response and preparedness;• For the purpose of radiological emergency response and For the purpose of radiological emergency response and

preparedness, human safety shall be the first priority;preparedness, human safety shall be the first priority;• In the case of a radiological accident, the operator shall In the case of a radiological accident, the operator shall

immediately report the process of accident and its immediately report the process of accident and its emergency response to the Regulatory Body and other emergency response to the Regulatory Body and other related competent authority;related competent authority;

• The operator of the high potential radiological installation The operator of the high potential radiological installation shall have an emergency response plan to prevent potential shall have an emergency response plan to prevent potential hazards from the anticipated radiation accident during hazards from the anticipated radiation accident during installation operations.installation operations.

7. PLANNING FOR AND RESPONSE TO 7. PLANNING FOR AND RESPONSE TO

RADIATION EMERGENCIESRADIATION EMERGENCIES

• The emergency response plan be provided by the operator, and The emergency response plan be provided by the operator, and at minimum shall comprise of:at minimum shall comprise of:– The type/classification of probable accidents;The type/classification of probable accidents;– Emergency response for each type/classification of accidents;Emergency response for each type/classification of accidents;– Emergency response organizations, procedures, equipments, Emergency response organizations, procedures, equipments,

personnel, training; andpersonnel, training; and– Communication system with other related competent Communication system with other related competent

authorities.authorities.• BAPETEN issued CD No. 05-P/I-03 (2003) on “Guide for BAPETEN issued CD No. 05-P/I-03 (2003) on “Guide for

Emergency Response Plan.” This CD is being revised adopting Emergency Response Plan.” This CD is being revised adopting the IAEA Safety Standard Series No GS-R-2 (2002). Currently, the IAEA Safety Standard Series No GS-R-2 (2002). Currently, BAPETEN is also in process of drafting a CD on incident reporting BAPETEN is also in process of drafting a CD on incident reporting system for research reactor as a preparation to join the IAEA system for research reactor as a preparation to join the IAEA IRSRR community. IRSRR community.

• BATAN reactors perform emergency drills annually. BAPETEN BATAN reactors perform emergency drills annually. BAPETEN prepare an action plan to make it possible for radiotherapy prepare an action plan to make it possible for radiotherapy facility to implement radiological emergency drills regularly.facility to implement radiological emergency drills regularly.

Emprep & responseEmprep & response

• Training institutions for RPO shall obtain national accreditation and Training institutions for RPO shall obtain national accreditation and appointment by BAPETEN. appointment by BAPETEN.

• Requirements for RPO course: standard curriculum, suitable Requirements for RPO course: standard curriculum, suitable qualification of teaching personnel, and adequate teaching qualification of teaching personnel, and adequate teaching facilities.facilities.

• BAPETEN oversees, evaluates and maintains standards of the BAPETEN oversees, evaluates and maintains standards of the training courses. training courses.

• At the present, only Education Training Center (ETC) of BATAN has At the present, only Education Training Center (ETC) of BATAN has been fully accredited and appointed by BAPETEN. been fully accredited and appointed by BAPETEN.

• ETC of BATAN carries out seven in-house RPO training courses ETC of BATAN carries out seven in-house RPO training courses annually, beside in-hgouse training courses (by request.)annually, beside in-hgouse training courses (by request.)

• There is no provision for on the job training in RPO training course. There is no provision for on the job training in RPO training course. Having completed the RPO training course, the RPO will receive Having completed the RPO training course, the RPO will receive license from BAEPETEN after passing an examination satisfactorily. license from BAEPETEN after passing an examination satisfactorily.

• To maintain adequate level of knowledge, RPOs are required to To maintain adequate level of knowledge, RPOs are required to undertake requalification training course, organized by BAPETEN, undertake requalification training course, organized by BAPETEN, minimum twice in a five-year license period.minimum twice in a five-year license period.

8. EDUCATION AND TRAINING8. EDUCATION AND TRAINING

• BAPETEN has close cooperation with ETC of BATAN and BAPETEN has close cooperation with ETC of BATAN and department of health to develop the curricula of basic department of health to develop the curricula of basic radiation protection training course for radiation workers. radiation protection training course for radiation workers.

• There has been discussion to prepare practice-specific There has been discussion to prepare practice-specific curricula of the radiation protection training course for curricula of the radiation protection training course for nuclear facilities, therapeutics, diagnostic, industrial, and nuclear facilities, therapeutics, diagnostic, industrial, and academic practices.academic practices.

• BAPETEN maintains close cooperation with medical BAPETEN maintains close cooperation with medical association (such as Physician Association of Indonesia-IDI) association (such as Physician Association of Indonesia-IDI) to carry out basic radiation protection training courses for to carry out basic radiation protection training courses for medical personnel. medical personnel.

• Related universities: University of Indonesia with master Related universities: University of Indonesia with master degree in Medical Physics, and Diponegoro University and degree in Medical Physics, and Diponegoro University and Padjajaran University with Master degree in Nuclear Padjajaran University with Master degree in Nuclear Medicine Medicine

E&T E&T of managers, workers …of managers, workers …