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How to read the periodic table for basic information about the elements. Start the presentation by playing "Apeman" by The Kinks.
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Atoms, Electrons &
Energy LevelsElectrons are the bonds that
hold the world together!
What’s in an Atom?
rotons
lectrons
eutrons
Nucleus
in surrounding cloud
rotons
lectrons
tomic Number
eutrons
CCarbon
6
12
tomic number
ass number
= No. of
= No. of
= No. of
-
From the Periodic Table …
http://us.bestgraph.com/gifs/singes-5.html
Electron Cloud?Energy
Level(Principal Quantum Number)
Electron Capacit
y
1 2
2 8
3 18
4 32
5 50
6 72http://store.odulo.com/Item.asp?id=220
HHydrogen
1
1
http://www.fg-a.com/clipart_science_2.shtml
HeHelium
2
4
The periodic table is the most important tool in the
chemist’s toolbox!
Periodic Table Navigation
Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and
chemical properties.
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called PERIODS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Each new period (row) represents an energy
level added.
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or
FAMILIES.
The elements in any group of the periodic
table have similar physical and chemical
properties!
The GROUP provides information about the number of valence
electrons.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
This Bohr diagram illustrates energy levels and electrons for Phosphorous
Understand: • Bohr diagram• Energy level• Valence electron• Electron cloud• Atomic Mass• Atomic number• Periodic trend
http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/story/bohr.html
Alkali Metals
• 1 electron in outer energy shell• React with water to release H2 gas
• The most reactive metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2 electrons in outer energy shell
Transition Metals
• Generally 2 electrons in outer energy level• Commonly have more than one oxidation number
• Form compounds that are brightly colored
Rare Earth Metals• 2 electrons in outer energy level• Primary oxidation number is +3
• Lanthanide series: soft, malleable metals with high lustre and conductivity
• Actinoid series: All radioactive; most human-made
Metalloids
• Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals
• Elements touching the stairstep
Halogens
• 7 electrons in their outer energy level• Easily combine with metals to form salts
• Most reactive of all nonmetals
Noble Gases
• Full outer energy level• Almost completely inactive (“inert”)
• All are colorless gases• Argon is the most abundant, making up almost
1% of air
Atomic radius decreases Metallic properties decrease A
tom
ic radiu
s incre
ase
s
Meta
llic pro
pertie
s incre
ase
The following periodic trends are embedded
within the periodic table:Atomic size (radius),Ionic size (radius),Ionization energy,Electronegativity.
Got it?
Electron Negatively charged fundamental particle
Proton Positively charged fundamental particle
Neutron Uncharged fundamental particle
Nucleus Small, central unit in the atom that contains
neutrons and protons
Vocabulary