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Amplification, ROADM and Optical Networking
activities at CPqD
Miquel Garrich Alabarce, PhD.Senior Researcher – Optical Technologies Division
WTON – Campinas – May 28th 2015
2/23
Outline
Optical Technologies Division• Optical networks team
Amplification• Automated amplifier characterizer• Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiers
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)• Transient response issues in cascaded WSS-based ROADMs
SDN-based dual-optimization application• Adaptive EDFA algorithm• Global WSS equalization algorithm
Collaboration activities with UTD• Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient Numerical Modeling Framework• Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks
3/23
Optical Technologies Division at CPqD
Technological Trends
Transmission and Networks
Product Technologies
MicroelectronicsIntegrated Photonics
Transmission
DSP
Access
Amplification
ROADM
Networks
Hardware
Software
Firmware
Tests
Mechanics
Requirements
Front End
Back End
Design
Alignment
Packaging
Systems
SYSTEMS
DEVICESTransport
Optical networks team
4/23
Optical networks team
1 - Alexandre Daoud de Andrade
2 - Anderson Bravalheri
3 - Benjamin Sarti
4 - Camila de Araujo Souto Diniz
5 - Heitor Silva Carvalho
6 - João Carlos Sampaio Januário
7 - Leonardo Fagundes Luz Serrano
8 - Matheus Smythe Svolenski
9 - Miquel Garrich Alabarce
10 - Uiara Celine de Moura
5/23
Motivation
Bandwidth variable transponders (BVTs)
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs)Wavelength selective switches (WSSs)
Elastic optical networking (EON)
Inputs1
2
3
Drops Adds
Outputs1
2
3
EDFA
Splitter
WSS
6/23Input powerO
utpu
t po
wer
Mea
sure
d pa
ram
.Power mask
min
Gai
n
max
Gai
n
Aux Amp
Variable Att
WSS
Sp
litte
r5
0/5
0
Opticalswitch
OSA
40-CWlaser bank
Serial GPIB
GPIB
USB
Ethernet
Amplifier
Automated amplifier characterizer
7/23
Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiersDistributed counter-propagated Raman amplifier
Sumbitted to International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC) 2015
8/23
ROADM activities
Rx
Tx
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM)• Wavelength selective switch (WSS)• Optical channel monitor (OCM)
9/23
Transient response issues in cascaded ROADMs
Higher threshold
Lower threshold
Target power
Transient
Failure Convergence
Failure
Iteration:• Get information• Calculation• Application
Operation:• Simultaneous• Independent
10/23
Transient response feedback control mechanism
Three analyzed controllers1. Integrative (I)
2. Proportional, integrative and derivative (PID)
3. Proportional double integrative (PII)
Techniques to enhance the performance of the controllers4. Threshold levels
5. Standard deviation (STD)• trigger the actuation on WSS
𝐶 I (𝑠)=𝑘𝑖𝑠
𝑢[z+1]= [z]+𝑢 𝑘1∙ [z]𝑒𝐶 PID (𝑠 )=𝑘𝑝+
𝑘𝑖𝑠
+𝑘𝑑 ∙ 𝑠𝑢[z+1]= [z]+𝑢 𝑘1∙ [z]+𝑒 𝑘2∙ [z−1]+𝑒 𝑘3∙ [z−2]𝑒
𝐶 PII (𝑠)=𝑘𝑝+𝑘𝑖1
𝑠+𝑘𝑖2
𝑠+𝛼𝑢[z+1]=𝑘1∙ [z]+𝑢 𝑘2∙ [z−1]+𝑢 𝑘3∙ [z]𝑒+ 𝑘4∙ [z−1]+𝑒 𝑘5∙ [z−2]𝑒
11/23
Node
Transient response simulation analysisExhaustive approach:
Full analysis with all controllers and the enhanced techniques
Node
Iter
atio
nsT
rans
ient
[dB
]Number of controllers
analyzed:1. I: 70
2. PID: 4096
3. PII: 4096
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
2
4
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
3
6
9
12
1517
IPIDPII
ISTD
PIDSTD
PIISTD
IPIDPII
ISTD
PIDSTD
PIISTD
Iteration:• Get information• Calculation• Application
12/23
Experimental setup
• 100km links• Two EDFA per link and per direction• 80 continuous wave lasers• 128Gb/s DP-QPSK channels (at 50GHz)
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
Node 4
Node 5
WSS cardsKEY:
EDFA cards
SOM/SOD cards
Eth. switches 100-km SMF spans
ROADM node
• SDN controller • EDFA gain configuration • lightpath establishment
• NETCONF protocol
13/23
Iterations
Transient response experimental resultsDemonstration the overshoot problem for an I controller (ki = 0.4) without STD enhance technique
5 10 15 20 25 30-6
-2
2
6
I (sim) I (exp)
5 10 15 20 25 30-6
-1
4
912
I (sim) I (exp)
Iterations
Nod
e 4
Nod
e 8
Pow
er [
dBm
]P
ower
[dB
m]
14/23
Iterations
Transient response experimental resultsDynamic power response of the PII controller (kp= 0.05; ki1= 0.1; ki2=0.05) with STD enhance technique for overshoot suppression
5 10 15 20 25 30-6
-4
-2
0
2
PIISTD
(sim) PIISTD
(exp)
5 10 15 20 25 30-6
-4
-2
0
2
PIISTD
(sim) PIISTD
(exp)
Nod
e 4
Nod
e 8
Pow
er [
dBm
]P
ower
[dB
m]
Iterations
Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) March 2015
15/23
Adaptive EDFA algorithm
Input powerOut
put
pow
er
Mea
sure
d pa
ram
.Power mask
min
Gai
n
max
Gai
n
Dual-optimization application
Txadd
ROADM 1 ROADM 3
dropRx
Pin Measurment
Gain Search
Given: SDN control
Apply Gain
ROADM 4ROADM 2
16/23
Local equalization algorithm
Dual-optimization application
Txadd
ROADM 1 ROADM 3
dropRx
ROADM 4ROADM 2
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.53 1.535 1.54 1.545 1.55 1.555 1.56-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
WavelengthP
ower
1.531.5351.541.5451.551.5551.56-60-50-40-30-20-10
010
Wavelength
Pow
er
‘
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
17/23
Global equalization algorithm
Dual-optimization application
Txadd
ROADM 1 ROADM 3
dropRx
ROADM 4ROADM 2
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.53 1.535 1.54 1.545 1.55 1.555 1.56-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.531.5351.541.5451.551.5551.56-60-50-40-30-20-10
010
Wavelength
Pow
er
1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Wavelength
Pow
er
1
2TOTAL
N
ii TAA
][minTOTAL wAA TOTALw
Apply Γ
T ≤ allowed tilt?
End
Yes
No
Given: N ≥ 2, W, A{1, …, N - 1} , T
18/23
Dual-optimization application
Adaptive EDFA algorithm Global equalization algorithm
1
2TOTAL
N
ii TAA
][minTOTAL wAA TOTALw
Apply Γ
T ≤ allowed tilt?
End
Yes
No
Given: N ≥ 2, W, A{1, …, N - 1} , T
Input powerOut
put
pow
er
Mea
sure
d pa
ram
.Power mask
min
Gai
n
max
Gai
n
Pin Measurment
Gain Search
Given: SDN control
Apply Gain
Txadd
ROADM 1 ROADM 3
dropRx
ROADM 4ROADM 2
19/23
Test-bed description (SDN controller)
• Sub Controler
• NETCONF-modeling language YANG models ROADM building blocks and its interconnections (ROADM-plugin)
• Application Server
• Node abstraction model
ApplicationServer
SDK-C++
SubController
NETCONF / REST
REST
REST
Adaptive EDFA Global WSS Equalization
Dual-optimization application
SDNcontroller
NodeProperties
Interfaces
Property 1
Property 2
Property N
Interface 1 Interface N
Property 1
Property 2
Property N
...
...
Property 1
Property 2
Property N...
...
Lightpath with: Λ1 = 20 Λ2 = 40 Λ3 = 80
20/23
1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 156010
15
20
25
30
1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 15600
10
20
30
40
LocalLocal + EDFAGlobalGlobal + EDFA
Dual-optimization application (experimental results)
OS
NR
(d
B)
Wavelength (nm)
Att
enua
tion
(dB
)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
20
25
LocalLocal + EDFAGlobalGlobal + EDFA
Number of channels
Lightpaths (Λ) 20 40 80
Local 13,7 12,9 11,83
Local+EDFA 19,4 16,58 13,86
Global 19,43 21,52 16,43
Global+EDFA 23,3 23,79 20
Mean OSNR (dB)
Wavelength (nm)
Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) March 2015
21/23International Conference on Communications (ICC) June 2015
Collaboration activities with UTD Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient
Numerical Modeling Framework
Input power
Out
put p
ower
Mea
sure
d pa
ram
.
Power maskm
in G
ain
max
Gai
n
Module 1: FinerSpectrum Granularity
Module 2: ContinuousInput Power Values
22/23
One of top three scored papers in Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM) May 2015
Collaboration activities with UTD
Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks
•EDFA gain control•Ideal gain•Fixed gain•Noise Figure (NF)-based gain
•WSS power equalization control•Flat output power (FP)•Linear tilted output power (LTP)•Flat OSNR (FOSNR)
•Wavelength assignment algorithm•WA: High-to-low frequency First Fit•WA: Low-to-high frequency First Fit
Lightpath average OSNR versus offered loadWSS: Flat Power equalization, EDFA: Fixed Gain and NF-based gain control.
with NF gain control
fixed gain
23/23
Outline / Summary
Amplification• Automated amplifier characterizer• Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiers
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)• Transient response issues in cascaded WSS-based ROADMs
SDN-based dual-optimization application• Adaptive EDFA algorithm• Global WSS equalization algorithm
Collaboration activities with UTD• Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient Numerical Modeling Framework• Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks
