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A recent project in Central Asia focused on conservation of the unique high diversity of wild and cultivated fruit species in Central Asia and enhancing farmers’ production and livelihood strategies. Read more about Bioversity International’s work in Asia Pacific Oceania http://www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/where-we-carry-out-research/asia-pacific-oceania/ Thanks to all the partners and funders who supported the project.
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17 March 2011Maccarese, Italy
Agrobiodiversity for people's livelihood
in Central Asia
Central Asia
• The Region by N.I. Vavilov is one of centres of origin and domestication of globally important crops:
- Cereals- Vegetables- Fruit trees- Forages
Agrobiodiversity
•Drought (150-200 mm of annual precipitation) in combination with high air temperature (+45oC) and lack of water resources
•Soil Salinity (50% in Uzbekistan)
•Drying of the Aral Sea
•Agriculture and non-wood forest products contributes about 30% of the Region’s economy
•Wheat and cotton are the major agricultural commodities
Constrains in Agriculture Development
• Lack of arable lands (0.8 ha/capita in average)
• Low soil fertility (40% of organic matters is withdrawn every year)
• Lack of fertilizers ( reduce by 73%)
• Transition from large collective farms to small individual farms
• Lack of small mechanization
• Poor seed production system(governments support only cotton and
wheat)
Constrains in Agriculture Development
Partner CountriesPartner Countries
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
ObjectivesObjectives
• Conservation of the unique high diversity of wild and cultivated fruit species in CA
• Enhancement of farmers’ production and livelihood strategies
Project “In Situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agrobiodiversity in Central
Asia”
1. Policy and legislation: Providing options to policy-makers for strengthening legal and policy frameworks; increase awareness on agrobiodiversity value
2. Knowledge and methodologies: Assessing, documenting and managing local varieties of horticulture crops and wild fruit species in a sustainable way;
3. Capacity building: across all relevant aspects to strengthen diversity conservation at local, national and regional levels.
4. Collaboration and partnership: Promote broad stakeholder participation in agrobiodiversity management to ensure sustainability project activities
Project Components
Target Crops
• Apple
• Apricot
• Almond
• Grapevine
• Pear
• Pistachio
• Pomegranate
• Fig
• Walnut
• Mulberry
• Sea-buckthorn&Currant
Increased knowledge
• Distribution and diversity level
• Planting material multiplication (seed) system
• Management (conservation and use) practices
Increased knowledgeDiversity level:
In situ – Promising forms
• Walnut (Juglans regia) – 28
• Pistachio (Pistacia vera) – 19
• Apple (Malus sieversii) – 27
• Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) – 11
• Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) -16
Diversity level:
On farm – local varieties
• Grapevine - 160
• Apple – 145
• Apricot – 143
• Pear – 32
• Pomegranate – 26
• Mulberry – 15
Increased knowledge
Increased knowledge
65 demonstration plots in farmers’ orchards (430 local varieties):
• Kazakhstan – 12
• Kyrgyzstan -7
• Tajikistan -14
• Turkmenistan – 10
• Uzbekistan - 22
• Kazakhstan – 11
• Kyrgyzstan -7
• Tajikistan - 9
• Turkmenistan – 10
• Uzbekistan - 16
Increased knowledge54 nurseries (800, 000 saplings annually)
Richness of Fruit tree varieties in Central Asia (5 countries)
Total number of Fruit tree varieties used (or the pool of available fruit tree diversity) in different production management spaces in Central Asia (5 countries)
almon
d
apric
ot
apple
grap
epe
ar
pista
chio
pom
egra
nate
walnut
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Traditional
overall
orchard
home garden
Mean household richness (all varieties) in Home Gardens and Orchards
Household Richness vs EvennessAbove the line:
Higher dominance with much richness at low frequencies:
Below the line:
More even frequency distribution of fruit varieties:
Capacity Building
Target groups:
• Farmers and local communities
• Researchers and instructors
• Policy makers
• Forest officers
Capacity Building5 Regional Training Centres:
• Kazakhstan – Socio-economic studies
• Kyrgyzstan – Walnut GR
• Tajikistan – Apricot GR
• Turkmenistan – Pomegranate
• Uzbekistan – Molecular Markers
8 National Training Centres
Annually:
• 300 farmers and forest dwellers
• 30 researchers and policy makers
Partnership and collaboration
• Collaboration and partnership between scientists and farmers
• Collaboration among farmers (Farmers’ Association)
• Collaboration between countries in the region
Strengthened PolicyIn situ Conservation:
• Proposals on establishment and extension of protected areas
• Wild fruit species are included in the List of valuable wood species of national Forest Codes
• Law “Conservation of crop genetic resources” in Tajikistan
• Law “Conservation of plant genetic resources” in Kazakhstan
Strengthened PolicyOn farm Conservation:
• Government’s subsidies to the farmers, growing fruit crops in Kazakhstan
• Programme on supporting fruits and grapes production in Uzbekistan
Farmers’ Rights:
• Roster of local varieties of fruit crops and farmers-custodians of these varieties in Uzbekistan
• Proposal on patenting farmers’ varieties of fruit crops in Tajikistan
Strengthened PolicyAccess and sharing benefits in free and restricted access :
Model Agreements:
• Planting material and germplasm of local varieties of fruit crops maintained in demonstration plots and nurseries
• Fruit crops cultivation and management technologies
• Traditional knowledge of farmers
• Information on distribution and diversity level
• Training manuals
• Policy recommendations
Public AwarenessPA materials:
• Leaflets and posters
• Articles in papers and journals
• TV and radio interviews, press conferences, mass media tours
• Round table discussions with farmers and local authorities
• Agro-theatre performances
• Video-films on the project crops and farmers-custodians
THANK YOU