Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications

Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies Enabling Terabit Optical Communications

Daniel J. RuebuschProduct Manager

Oscilloscope Products Division

Comunicações Opticas 2013CpQD - Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

May 26, 2013

IntroductionToward Terabit Optical Communications

� Ever increasing demand for data

� Laying new fiber is expensive

� Parallelism is expensive for long haul communications �� Parallelism is expensive for long haul communications �additional optical transponder hardware required for each parallel subcarrier

� The challenge: Higher data rates on fewer subcarriers

Enabling Optical Comms Breakthroughs!First ever Dual-Carrier 1 Tb/s optical signal

� 80 Gbaud, PDM-16QAM WDM transmission over 3200 km

� 1.28 Tb/s nominal data rate

� 1.049 Tb/s after forward error correction

Agilent 90000

Q-Series

Agilent 90000

Q-Series

G. Raybon, P.J. Winzer, et al. “1-Tb/s Dual-Carrier 80-Gbaud PDM-16QAM WDM Transmission at 5.2 b/s/Hz over 3200 km,” Proceedings of: Photonics Conference (IPC ), 2012 IEEE

Real-Time Oscilloscope Block Diagram

Digitize signal: 8 bits typical, up to 160 GSa/s

Scale large input voltages to within operating range of scope

Amplify/attenuate signal to match

dynamic range of ADC

Monitor signal for trigger

events

Circular memory buffer, DSP

Agilent’s HB2B Process PlatformInP DHBT Technology

� InAlGaAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT

� Fabricated on InP wafer

� MBE growth of III-V films1 um

emitter

base

collector

� Ft = 200 GHz

� BVceo = 7 V

InP DHBT Energy Band Diagram

• High frequencies

• Reduced E-B junction recombination, reduces noise, especially approaching DC

• Improved DC current gain.

http://nanoscale.mntl.illinois.edu/Publications/publications/SSE_v50_p902_2006.pdf

BVceo versus Ft for Bipolar Technologies

BV

ceo

(Vol

ts)

UM

InP DHBT

InP SHBT& GaAs

HB2A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Ft (GHz)

BV

ceo

(Vol

ts)

NTT

Velocium

Lucent

SFU (Agilent)

HB2B

HRL

TRW

NTTSi &SiGe

HB2A

IBMHitachiIBM •Conexant

GCS

AG100

A imagem não …

InP DHBT Chipset in High Bandwidth Oscilloscopes

SamplerTriggers

� Scope front end

• Pre-amp

• Triggers

• Sampler

5-Chip Module

Pre-amps

�High bandwidth probe amps

5-chip Module Packaging

Lower Quick Film layer

Au center conductor

Upper Quick Film layer

Lid

IC

Wire bondAu ground plane

AlN

Au ground plane

AlN

Heat spreader

� Microcircuit cross-section

� Agilent proprietary Quick Film: thick film insulator processing technology

� AlN substrate for thermal performance

� Packaging optimized for low loss, high bandwidth analog signal transmission

Quasi-Coax Transmission Lines on AlN

Au ground planeLower Quick Film layer

Au fine-line center conductorUpper Quick Film layer

AlN

Heat spreader

� Routing high speed analog signals between InP chips in 5-chip module

Die Cavities and Signal Paths

Pre-amp SamplerPre-amp Sampler

Quasi-coax routing differential sample clock to sampler chip

5-Chip Module Drives 80 GSa/s ADC

� Diagram shows interleaving of 80 250 MSa/s slices to create 20 GSa/s A/D

� 4 x 20 GSa/s A/Ds interleaved to achieve 80 GSa/s sample rate

� Years of expertise in massively parallel interleaved A/D converters to achieve ultra-high sample rates

� Others have turned to this approach in recent years as the best method to achieve ultra-high sample rates

Agilent’s Ultra-high Sample Rate A/D Converter

Advanced Techniques: RealEdge Technology

Agilent’s RealEdge technology enables signal acquisition at 160 GSa/s and 63 GHz of real time bandwidth.

High bandwidth and sample rate without a signal integrity penalty.

Expertise in microwave technology enables a higher performance, lower noise, and highly integrated system architecture.

Approaches the ideal!

Advanced Techniques: Sine wave calibration

� Typically, the penalty for massively parallel A/Ds is interleaving spurs and reduced SFDR

� Agilent has dramatically reduced this problem using a new sine wave calibration technique for high bandwidth oscilloscopes

� >12 dB improvement in SFDR

Agilent’s InfiniiView

offline analysis and

collaboration

Before

SFDR = 37 dBc

After

SFDR = 49 dBc

collaboration software

Agilent’s 90000 Q -series Oscilloscope Real-time Bandwidth: 4 channels @ 33 GHz, 2 channels @ 63 GHz

Differentiating Technology…Differentiating Technology…

InP Chipset

Calibration ICCalibration IC

Trigger ICTrigger ICADC AmpADC Amp

Input PreampInput Preamp

Sampling DeMuxSampling DeMux

Probe AmpProbe Amp

5-chip Module

Acquisition Board

Differentiating Technology…• High bandwidth InP chipset

in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process”• Proprietary epitaxial material• Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules

Enables Differentiating Performance…• Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz• Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity

Differentiating Technology…• High bandwidth InP chipset

in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process”• Proprietary epitaxial material• Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules

Enables Differentiating Performance…• Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz• Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity

RealEdgeTechnology

Acquire time-synchronized data on multiple channels across multiple oscilloscopes simultaneously

� Using Agilent’s Tango software, you can tie multiple 90000 Q-Series oscilloscopes together

� Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps

Inter-Scope Deskew for Expanded Channel Density

� Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps

Conclusion

The challenges of developing terabit optical communications demand extreme ADC performance,

found in real-time oscilloscopes.

State-of-the-art oscilloscope technologies and performance enable breakthroughs in optical performance enable breakthroughs in optical

communications research

Thank You!

Support Slides

Agilent’s Oscilloscope PortfolioReal-time Bandwidth from 50 MHz to 63 GHz

10,60%

3,50%2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

Oscilloscope Market GrowthSource: Prime Data (2002-2010) CAGR*

0,00%

Agilent Oscilloscope Market

HandheldU1600B

USBU2700

2000XDSO/MSO

3000XDSO/MSO

6000ADSO/MSO

4000XDSO/MSO

9000ADSO/MSO

90000ADSO/DSA

90000XDSO/DSA

90000QDSO/DSA

InfiniiVision Series Infiniium SeriesEntry

Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes

9000A Series600 MHz – 4 GHz

90000Q Series20 GHz – 63 GHz

90000X Series13 GHz – 33 GHz

90000A Series2.5 GHz – 13 GHz

• 4 channels of up to 33 GHz2 channels of up to 63 GHz

• Mixed signal oscilloscope models available

• Low noise/jitter

• 40 GSa/s on 4

• 4 channels @ 16 GHz, 2 channels of up to 33 GHz

GHz

• 160 GSa/s on RealEdge channels, 80 GSa/s on 33 GHz channels

• Industry’s lowest noise

• 75 fs jitter floor

• 15.4” display

• InfiniiMax III probing (up to 30 GHz)

• 20 Gsa/s on 2 channels, 10 Gsa/s on 4 channels

• Industry leading update rate in its class

• 12 bit High Res Mode

• 15.4” display

• InfiniiMax I/II probing

channels

• Fast data offload through PCIeInterconnect (N4866A)

• 1 Mpts max memory depth per channel

• 12.1” display

• InfiniiMax I/II probing

• 80 GSa/s on 2 channels, 40 GSa/s on 4 channels

• Industry’s lowest noise

• 150 fs jitter floor

• 12.1” display

• InfiniiMax III probing (up to 30 GHz)

InfiniiVision InfiniiVision 40004000 XX--Series Series ScopesScopes

The Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope ExperienceExperienceRedefinedRedefined

�� Experience the Experience the UsabilityUsability

�� Experience the Experience the SpeedSpeed•• 1,000,000 wfm/s1,000,000 wfm/s•• MegaMegaZoom Zoom IVIV smart memorysmart memory•• 200 MHz 200 MHz -- 1.5 GHz bandwidth1.5 GHz bandwidth

No other No other sscope cope ccan an ttouch itouch it.. But you But you ccan.an.

•• InfiniiScan Zone touch triggerInfiniiScan Zone touch trigger••Designed for touch interface Designed for touch interface (12.1in)(12.1in)

�� Experience the Experience the IntegrationIntegration•• 55--inin--1 instrument now with:1 instrument now with:•• DualDual--channel AWGchannel AWG•• USB serial USB serial analysisanalysis

••Fully upgradableFully upgradable

Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics Research• Industry’s Best Signal Integrity

• Up to 63 GHz Bandwidth

• High Channel Density

• Calibration Edge Generation

• Infiniium 9000 H Series - 12 bit, High Resolution Real-time Oscilloscope

• Fast Data Offload• Fast Data Offload

• Offline Analysis and Documentation with InfiniiView

• Frequency Domain Analysis

• Matlab Integration / User Defined Function

• Measurement Automation – User Defined Application

• Industry’s Deepest Memory Depth

• Segmented Memory

Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics Research

Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity

– Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on your acquisitions/measurements

� Lowest Noise

� Lowest Jitter

� Highest ENOB

� Best SFDR


Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity (continued ...)


� Lowest Noise

Consistently getting low jitter measurements, even as memory depths increase is the long term jitter.

� Lowest Jitter

� Highest ENOB

� Best SFDR

the long term jitter.

Notice that the 90000 X-Series (blue) has SIGNIFICANTLY better long term jitter than the LeCroy WaveMaster 8Zi

Agilent Q-Series : 75 fs jitter floorAgilent X-Series : 150 fs jitter floorLeCroy 8Zi : LeCroy specs a jitter measurement floor of 125 fs; however, due to their noise they only can achieve this at the very fastest rise time settings.. Typically they will be > 300 fs.




� Lowest Noise6,5

7

Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)

� Lowest Jitter

� Highest ENOB

� Best SFDR

4

4,5

5

5,5

6

6,5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

DSO91604

DSO92004

DSO92504

DSO93304

91304A




� Lowest Noise

� Lowest Jitter

� Highest ENOB

� Best SFDR


Up to 63 GHz of Bandwidth

– Benefit: Capture extremely fast signals

� Capture rise times as fast as 5 ps and data rates as fast as 120 Gbit/s

� Ensures you do not miss valuable harmonic content

� Purchase lower BW models now to match your budget and then upgrade to a higher BW at a later date (all scope families have BW upgrades available)

High Channel Density – 90008A Series

– Benefit: Minimize rack space by having eight channels housed within one oscilloscope frame

� Houses eight 40 GSa/s ADCs and two CPUs in a 7U high package

� Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models


� Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models

� Certified with Citrix Corporationfor full operation without hard drive

N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator

– Benefit: Make step response measurements and calibrate measurement systems and equipment to > 63GHz bandwidth

� World’s fastest pulse generator with sub-7 ps fall times and sub-9 ps rise times.


� Fully differential on 2 RF outputs. Access the rising edge and corresponding falling edge simultaneously for differential step response measurements.

N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator (continued...)

– Benefit: Calibrate and correct for cable/fixture insertion loss up to 63 GHz with Agilent‘s PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit (N2807A)

� N2807A Kit includes the N2806A calibration pulse generator


Characterization and Correction to and Correction to

63 GHz Saves S21of tested cable or device

N2806A included in N2807A PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit


Infiniium 9000 H Series – 12 bits of resolution

– Benefit: 3x less noise, 16x more resolution to view/analyze small signals and fine details

See Your Signals in HD

See this …..…

instead of this


Front-end Noise

Signal (DUT)

Hypersampling / Linear Noise Reduction

“Hypersamples” (up to 16X per group)

HW-based linear averaging of each group

Scope display

Store to acquisition memory�

Scope stores group average to memory

Fast Data Offload

– Benefit: Many researchers want to acquire data with their scope and then offload it as fast as possible for post-acquisition analysis/viewing

� Agilent recently developed new data offload optimization software to significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data


significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data (example on next slide)

� To further enhance the speed of data offload, a removable SSD is available


Fast Data Offload (continued...)

Example Using the New Optimization Software and a SSD

� Setup: 20 GSa/s, 1 kpts of memory, 4 channels simultaneously coming from a photodiode of an optical reciever. SSD installed and new data offload

200

250LeCroy 6Zi

SSD installed and new data offload optimization program used.

� Results: Achieved average of 1000 acquisitions in 4-5 seconds with peak at 450-500 Hz

� This average is 4-5 times faster than leading competitor

0

50

100

150

acquisitions/sec

Agilent 90000 X-Series

Agilent 90000 X-Series with SSD and data offload optimization


Fast Data Offload (continued...)

N4866A PCIe High Speed Interconnect

� Available for 90000A and 90000 X-Seriesoscilloscopes

� Up to 96 MB/sec transfer rate� Up to 96 MB/sec transfer rate

� Fiber optic cabling up to 10 meters

� As low as 1.4 µs latency

Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView

– Benefit: View/analyze data offline on your PC/laptop and easily document waveforms using InfiniiView software

� Easily share data between colleagues – send them your waveform and InfiniiView license

� Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the


� Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the waveform so others can see your comments and analysis

� Free up the scope for data collection while you analyze offline

Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView


Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced Physics ResearchFrequency Domain Analysis – VSA Software

– Benefit: Analyze signals in the frequency domain to extract additional information.

� Some FFT capabilities are available natively on the scope / InfiniiView

� 89601B VSA (Vector Signal Analzer) software provides more advanced FFT analysis capabilities

– Measure and analyze signal’s frequency, time, and modulation frequency, time, and modulation characteristics

– Capture and play back signals

– Arbitrary arrangement, sizing, and measurement assignment of unlimited simultaneous displays, each with unlimited markers

– Quantify spectral performance with high-resolution FFT-based measurements and a rich set of markers.

Matlab Integration

– Benefit: After acquiring data with the scope and offloading it, use Matlab to seamlessly analyze/visualize the data

� Matlab can be fully integrated with Agilent oscilloscopes


• Use MATLAB to configure and control the oscilloscope.

• Acquire oscilloscope data directly into the MATLAB environment.

• Interactively analyze and visualize the data to gain insight into your design or test

� Matlab support from both Agilent and The Mathworks

Matlab Integration (continued...) – User Defined FunctionDo you want to add custom math functions to the Math menu on your Infiniium Oscilloscope?

� Agilent and MathWorks teamed up to create a custom development environment using Infiniium


environment using Infiniiumoscilloscopes and MATLAB to address unique and special measurement needs

Measurement Automation – N5467A User Defined Application

– Benefit: Automate scope measurements and create custom test reports


� Automate any measurement on your Infiniiumreal-time oscilloscope

� Generate your own customized GUI and test reports with minimal effort

� Ability to control other Agilent instruments, external applications such as MATLAB, and/or your DUT software.

� Create a script from VBA or C# and then execute it into the UDA application. This allows you to add customizable consoles.


Industry‘s Deepest Memory

– Benefits: Acquire more data per acquisition (time span captured = memory depth x 1/sample rate), maintain faster sample rate and effective bandwidth as timebase is slowed, and get better measurement/analysis results when needed.

Agilent Scope Model

Standard Memory Depth

Maximum Memory Depth

Competitor’s Maximum Memory Scope Model Depth Depth Maximum Memory Depth

90000 Q-Series

DSO models: 20 MPtsDSA models: 50 Mpts

2 Gpts 1 Gpts

90000 X-Series


2 Gpts 768 Mpts

90000 A-Series


1 Gpts 768 Mpts

9000 Series 20 MPts 500 Mpts 64 Mpts

Segmented Memory

– Benefit: Useful acquisition mode for bursts/pulses that have events of interest separated by long periods of dead time.

� Scope’s memory is divided into segments. When trigger event occurs, the scope captures the data for the first segment and stops once the first segment’s memory is filled. Then the scope waits for the next trigger


event and repeats for subsequent segments.

� Capture only the portion of the waveform that is of interest. Sample at a very high sample rate.

Segmented Memory (continued...)


Navigation controls to step through to step through each segment after acquisition

Oscilloscopes Presentation Outline

• Recent Agilent Oscilloscope Technology Advancements

• Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscope Portfolio

• Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics Research

• Case Studies / Applications

Capturing Pulses Inside an Accelerator RingKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany)

� Wanted to capture pulses inside their accelerator ring in order to improve detectors

� Had been searching for a solution for a while. Finally, with the 63 GHz Q-Series, they were able to accomplish their goal – capture the ~7.7 ps edge.

� Peer-Reviewed Article on Results:“Real-time Measurement of Picosecond THz Pulses by an Ultra-Fast YBa2Cu3O7-d Detection System” P. Thoma, A. Scheuring, M Hofherr, W. Wunsch, K. Il’in; Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142601 (2012).

Precise high velocity measurements using doppler sh ifted lightPhoton Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)

� Use array of lasers and detectors to digitize doppler shifted light � 3D time evolution of event velocities

� Need oscilloscopes with enough bandwidth to measure velocities >20 km/s (~1.3GHz required per km/s)

� Requires deep memory, low noise, and high ENOB to enable time and frequency division multiplexing

� Many publications, such as: “Photonic dopplervelocimetry in shock physics experiments,” P. Mercier, J. Benier, A. Azzolina, J.M. Lagrange and D. Partouche, J. Phys. IV France, vol. 134, 805-812, August 2006

Hot Plasma Temperature MeasurementsImprove measurement of spatial distribution of temp erature by characterizing Thompson scattering

� A powerful diagnostic method to measure the temperature of hot plasma in applications such as Tokamak reactors is to scatter electromagnetic radiation from the plasma.

� This method is attractive because it does not disturb the process in the reactor and can also determine detailed information about the distribution function of electrons and ions in the plasma. electrons and ions in the plasma.

� Value Proposition – What do these researchers care about and how can Agilent oscilloscopes help?

• High signal integrity / high fidelity measurements• High channel density• > 4 synchronized channels • Fast data transfer

90000 Q-Series Scope and N2806A Pulse Generator to Calibrate and Align Measurement System

Measurement System Calibration

� Extend oscilloscope calibration out to the end of cables and fixtures to measure your critical signals at their source

� Remove loss and phase distortions in your measurement systemyour measurement system

� Perform high bandwidth single ended or differential step response measurements

� De-skew multiple signal paths for accurately time-aligned measurements

Positioning Various Solutions

Infiniium Oscilloscopes250 MHz to 63 GHz

Additional front-end flexibility

Built-in AppsProbing

BW

Agilent M9703A Digitizers

Lower Bandwidth (1GHz)Higher Resolution (12 bits)

Optimized for viewing and analysis on the instrument

Optimized for fast offload speeds

BW