ADS-B & The 2020 FAA Final Rule

Thursday August 15, 2013

ADS-B Technology


FAA Wings Program

• www.FAASafety.gov• Takes the place of the flight review• Online courses or attend seminars• No minimum time for flights• Most of you might already meet the

requirements for a phase completion• Earn your cool set of Wings to display

however you wish

http://www.faasafety.gov/


Some Basics

• Operates using two modes or functions– Out from the aircraft (ADS-B Out)– Into the aircraft (ADS-B In)

• Designed to accomplish 3 goals– Replace radar as the primary means to track aircraft

(ADS-B)– To provide a host of advisory-only text & graphic

information in the flight deck (FIS-B)– To provide advisory-only traffic data in the flight deck

(TIS-B)


ADS-B & GPS

• All pilots see the same “picture” as seen by the controller, and at the same time

• Simultaneous sharing of location, speed, altitude, situation awareness


Industry Standards1090 Mhz Mode-S

• 1090 Mhz Extended Squitter datalink (ES)

• Mode-S based• Frequency is becoming congested• ICAO preferred

978 Mhz UAT• Universal Access

Transceiver (UAT)• 978 Mhz datalink• Less congested• FAA preferred


What’s a Squitter?

A periodic burst or broadcast of aircraft-tracking data that is transmitted periodically by a Mode S

transponder (or equivalent) without interrogation from controller’s radar


ADS-B and the 2020 FAA Final Rule

• By January 1, 2020 all aircraft operating in transponder airspace will be required to carry equipment that produces an ADS-B Out broadcast

• There is currently no mandate for ADS-B In– ADS-B In receives ADS-B datalink information and

displays it to the cockpit• 2020 rule established the engineering criteria

for ADS-B OutThursday August 15, 2013


How do we efficiently transition to the 2020 ADS-B Rule?

• Avionics manufacturers can now design ADS-B out equipment that is “ADS-B 2020 Compliant”

• No ADS-B 2020 Compliant Out equipment has been designed and certified by the FAA

• Equipment costs will be initially high• High equipment costs will discourage aircraft owners from

purchasing and installing this equipment• Manufacturers cannot reduce costs until many units are

sold• Aircraft owners are waiting for the costs to go down• Many aircraft owners are unaware of the ADS-B 2020 Rule


What is ADS-B? (ADS-B 101)• ADS-B is the

emerging technology that is redefining the paradigm of COMMUNICATIONS – NAVIGATION – SURVELLANCE in Air Traffic Management, and NEXGEN

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/





ADS-B

Automatic Always ON Dependent Relies on very accurate GPS DataSurveillance Provides aircraft position, altitude,

speed, heading, identification,and other data

Broadcast Does not require interrogation – data is broadcast to any aircraft orground station equipped to receivethe datalink signal



ADS-B Services

• Traffic Information Service – Broadcast (TIS-B)– Sends a composite of radar and ADS-B data back

through the ground stations to the cockpit– The pilot sees what the controller sees– Cockpit display will show all aircraft in radar

contact with controllers, ADS-B equipped or not, within 15 miles, plus or minus 3,500 feet

– No subscription costs


Flight Information Service - Broadcast

• Ground-Based transceivers (GBT)– Operate both 1090ES & 978 protocols– Many are linked to ATC via dedicated landline

• Continuous broadcast• May not always be in range of suitable GBT

– Particularly on the ground or remote location


FIS-B

• Share graphical weather including thunderstorms depicted by NEXRAD ground-based radar and a wide range of graphical and text messages

• Significant and hazardous weather• Winds and temperatures aloft• Pilot reports• Status of Special Use Airspace• Temporary flight Restrictions

• No subscription costs• http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/broadcastservices/

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/broadcastservices/

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/broadcastservices/














ADS-B

1090ESICAO Standard

Required (US) – FL180 up(optional below FL180)

Expansion of Mode S protocol

978 (UAT) – US onlyBelow FL180 only

(ATC Position)Greater Bandwidth than 1090ES – will

provide for full “In” capability

1090ES/978 (UAT)1090ES – “In” Function –

ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B978 – “In” function –

ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B/FIS-B

“Out” ( From Aircraft)Final Rule – Apr 2010

Required – Jan 2, 2020Where required – Same as transponder

(FAR 91.225)

“In” (To Aircraft)Final rule – Pending

Not currently required (optional)Provides traffic advisories (both)/weather

& airspace(978 Only)


Questions?