1. 1. John Zimmerman Sportys Pilot Shop ADS-B: A Pilots Guide Understanding the system and the avionics
2. 2. What is ADS-B? Key terms How does it work? Panel-mount avionics Portable receivers Tips and advice presentation overview ADS-B: A Pilots Guide
3. 3. ipadpilotnews.com Additional resources Sit back, relax and learn! How-to articles iPad Tips & News iPad Newsletter
4. 4. Poll Do you use ADS-B today? 1) Yes portable receiver 2) Yes ADS-B Out transponder 3) No
5. 5. ADS-B System Overview
6. 6. Quick History Where did ADS-B come from? Capstone Program launched in Alaska in the late 1990s Can we use new technology to improve safety? Accurate position with GPS/WAAS Transmit to ground and airplanes Ground station network New aircraft transponders Datalink weather Answer: yes.
7. 7. Where are we now? Quick History Current system built on success of Capstone program Final ADS-B Out rules finalized in 2011 nothing is changing now Ground station network is complete Lots of options for hardware Pretty mature system now.
8. 8. What does it all mean? Key Terms NextGen ADS-B ADS-B Out and ADS-B In ADS-B transponder options 1090ES and 978 (UAT) ADS-B In terms FIS-B and TIS-B
9. 9. NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System Key Terms Transforms Americas air traffic control system from an aging, ground-based system to a satellite-based system The goals of NextGen are to: Shorten routes Save time and fuel Reduce traffic delays Increase capacity Increase safety World peace, free beer
10. 10. NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System Key Terms NextGen ADS-B NextGen has 5 major elements only one of them is ADS-B
11. 11. ADS-B Key Terms Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Automatic: it works in the background Dependent: depends on other aircraft being equipped Surveillance: its a technology to track aircraft Broadcast: each aircraft broadcasts its position and velocity
12. 12. ADS-B In and Out Key Terms NextGen ADS-B ADS-B Out ADS-B In
13. 13. ADS-B In and Out Key Terms ADS-B Out: a surveillance technology for tracking aircraft Aircraft report position, velocity and altitude once per second Aircraft will be required to equip with ADS-B Out by the end of 2020 if operating in class A, B, C airspace and above 10,000 ft.
14. 14. ADS-B In and Out Key Terms ADS-B In: an aircrafts ability to receive transmissions from ground stations and other aircraft Allows pilots to receive weather and traffic ADS-B In equipage is optional
15. 15. 978 vs. 1090 Key Terms NextGen ADS-B ADS-B Out ADS-B In 978 1090 978 1090
16. 16. 978 vs. 1090 Key Terms ADS-B in the US supports two different datalinks: 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES) 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
17. 17. 1090ES Key Terms 1090ES ADS-B Out ES is based on 1090 MHz just like Mode A/Cs transponders Mode S transponders can be upgraded to ES transponders by adding a WAAS GPS and upgrading software ES is the only ADS-B transmitter accepted outside the US and above 18,000 ft. Must be certied and installed
18. 18. 978 UAT Key Terms 978 UAT ADS-B Out Only allowed in the US, and only below 18,000 ft. If you use 978 UAT you still need to carry at least a transponder Must be certied and installed
19. 19. 1090ES Key Terms 1090ES ADS-B In Can detect other aircraft equipped with 1090ES transmitters Receives other traffic from ground stations Does NOT receive weather Can be portable or installed
20. 20. 978 UAT Key Terms 978 UAT ADS-B In Can detect other aircraft with 978 MHz transmitters (air-to-air) Receives information about other traffic from ground stations 978 receivers are capable of receiving ADS-B weather Can be installed or portable
21. 21. NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090 Key Terms Confused yet?
22. 22. NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090 Key Terms 1090ES (Out) Above 18,000 ft. and intl Turboprops and jets 1090ES (In) Traffic only No weather 978 (Out) Below 18,000 ft. in US only GA/piston 978 (In) Traffic Weather
23. 23. FIS-B Key Terms Flight Information Services Broadcast Text weather (METARs, TAFs, PIREPs) Graphical weather (radar) Airspace status (TFRs, NOTAMs) Constantly broadcast
24. 24. TIS-B Key Terms Traffic Information Services Broadcast A custom traffic report sent only to aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out Aircraft with ADS-B In can also see other aircraft if they are equipped with ADS-B Out (air-to-air traffic) Most airplanes do not have ADS-B Out Not the same as Mode S or TIS traffic
25. 25. ADS-B In how does it work?
26. 26. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work? Weather is broadcast continuously AM radio Traffic is different. Ground stations only broadcast in response to ADS-B Out aircraft text messaging FAA sends a customized traffic product to each Out aircraft 30nm in diameter around the Out aircraft and within 3500 ft. If youre close to an ADS-B Out aircraft (in the hockey puck) you could see traffic. But its for the other aircraft. Since most airplanes do not have ADS-B Out, this is rare.
27. 27. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work? Except you will always receive air-to-air traffic Doesnt depend on ground stations Single band receives only 978 air-to-air; dual band receives both
28. 28. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work?
29. 29. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work?
30. 30. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work?
31. 31. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work? Key takeaway: Unless you are squawking ADS-B Out and creating your own customized hockey puck of information, you are not getting an accurate picture of surrounding traffic.
32. 32. ADS-B Traffic ADS-B In how does it work?
33. 33. ADS-B weather products ADS-B In how does it work? Factoid: Four types of ADS-B ground stations, arranged in this pattern. Station TypeWeather Products and Range Surface (Only at select airports) 500 NM winds and temperature aloft,100 NM METAR, TAF, SIGMET, NOTAM,150 NM Regional NEXRAD Low altitude(67% of airborne stations) 500 NM winds and temperature aloft 250 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET,PIREP, SUA 150 NM regional NEXRAD 100 NM NOTAM (no CONUS NEXRAD) Medium altitude(22% of airborne stations)Entire CONUS NEXRAD, 750 NM winds and temperatures aloft, 375 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET,PIREP, SUA,200 NM regional NEXRAD 100 NM NOTAM High altitude(11% of airborne stations)Entire CONUS NEXRAD, 1000 NM winds and temperature aloft, all 158 CONUS Class B/C airport METAR/TAF 500 NM AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA 250 NM regional NEXRAD 100 NM NOTAM
34. 34. ADS-B weather timing ADS-B In how does it work? ProductRange *Transmission Interval CONUS NEXRAD composite reectivity (low resolution) Contiguous US15 minutes Regional NEXRAD composite reectivity (medium resolution) 150 to 250 nm 2.5 minutes (5 minute update) AIRMETs / SIGMETs100 to 500 nm5 minutes METARs100 to 500 nm, all class B and C airports 5 minutes NOTAM(D), FDC NOTAM, TFRs 100 nm5 minutes PIREPS250 to 500 nm10 minutes Special use airspace500 nm10 minutes TAFs100 to 500 nm, all class B and C airports 10 minutes Winds and Temps aloft500 to 1000 nm10 minutes Sportys.com/Stratus
35. 35. ADS-B vs. XM Weather ADS-B In how does it work? DataADS-BXM METARSSmall airports within 250 500 nm and all class B and C airports Nationwide TAFSWithin 250-500 nmNationwide Winds / Temps AloftWithin 500-1,000 nmNationwide PIREPSWithin 250-500 nmNationwide RadarLow-resolution CONUS (lower 48) Medium-resolution regional within 250 nm High-resolution nationwide AIRMETS / SIGMETSWithin 250-500 nmNationwide CoverageUS, Puerto Rico, and GuamUS and Canada Cloud satellite imageNoneYes NOTAMsWithin 100 nmNone TFRsWithin 100 nmNationwide Special use airspace status Within 250-500 nmNone CostFree (your tax dollars at work)$35-$55 monthly subscription fee
36. 36. ADS-B vs. XM Weather ADS-B In how does it work? XM ADS-B National ADS-B Regional
37. 37. ADS-B coverage at 1500 ft. ADS-B In how does it work?
38. 38. ADS-B coverage at 5000 ft. ADS-B In how does it work?
39. 39. Panel-mount ADS-B
40. 40. 5 things to know before you upgrade ADS-B In Action 1. ADS-B Out will be required in most airspace where a Mode C transponder is today on 1/1/2020 2. A WAAS GPS must be included in your install 3. ADS-B Out compliance must be panel-mount (no portables). 4. ADS-B In equipage is optional. 5. You still need your Mode C transponder if 978.
41. 41. What about experimental aircraft? ADS-B In Action 1. FAA: Non-TSO ADS-B Out avionics may be installed on amateur-built and light sport aircraft with experimental airworthiness certificates. 2. S-LSA upgrades must be approved by the manufacturer. Harder to do. 3. Glass cockpits are in the same situation part of the TC so its not automatic. Pay attention
42. 42. What about portables? ADS-B In Action Technically feasible, but dont count on it. Would be like an IFR approach-approved portable GPS doesnt exist. FAA: Portable ADS-B Out systems, also known as suitcase units, should not be operated (transmitting) aboard any aircraft. While marketing associated with these units may imply approval for use by way of an FCC license, the FAA prohibits their use. http://1.usa.gov/1E0vadh
43. 43. Garmin GDL 88 ADS-B In Action 978 (UAT) with lots of options: Out/In/Both With or without GPS With or without dual antennas Works with GTN and GNS series Integration with new Connext system Remote mounted Starting at $3,995 list price
44. 44. Garmin GDL 84 ADS-B In Action 978 (UAT) Out 978 and 1090 In Includes WAAS GPS Includes FlightStream to send weather and traffic to iPad (no panel interface) Remote mounted Starting at $3,995 list price
45. 45. Garmin GTX 330ES ADS-B In Action 1090ES Out transponder Panel-mounted No GPS option GTX 330 can be upgraded to ES Starting at $2,995 list price
46. 46. FreeFlight ADS-B In Action Lots of options: RANGR 978 In, Out, In/Out RANGR FDL-1090TX Add-on GPS option STCd on dozens of airplanes Remote mounted Starting at $1,995 list price
47. 47. Appareo panel-mount ADS-B In Action All-in-one box: 1090ES ADS-B Out and WAAS GPS built-in Integrates with Stratus portable for enhanced ADS-B In Quick installation 50% less than remote mount 978 $3490 including everything; not certified yet
48. 48. Lots of options! ADS-B In Action Questions to consider
49. 49. Questions to consider ADS-B In Action Do you ever fly above 18,000 ft. or outside US? If so, you need a 1090ES transponder.
50. 50. Questions to consider ADS-B In Action How is your Mode C transponder? If its in bad shape, you probably need a 1090ES transponder get ADS-B Out and a new transponder.
51. 51. Questions to consider ADS-B In Action Do you have a WAAS GPS? If you do, some remote mounted boxes work well. If not, remember to buy a solution that includes it.
52. 52. Questions to consider ADS-B In Action Do you already have ADS-B In (portable)? If so, you may only need to buy ADS-B Out for the panel
53. 53. Its all about the install ADS-B In Action Ask about total installation cost. This can be a lot depending on the type of box and airplane. 978 remote mounted boxes are generally less expensive on the hardware, but more expensive to install Lots of installation errors send email to FAA: 9-AWA-AFS-300-ADSB-AvionicsCheck@faa.gov
54. 54. When to equip? Now! ADS-B In Action Bottom line: equipping with ADS-B Out now, instead of waiting, was clearly worth the investment and makes receivers like the Stratus so much more capable when it comes to traffic. - Vertical Magazine Dont fix a Mode C transponder replace it!
55. 55. Portable ADS-B Receivers
56. 56. Portables ADS-B In Action Many of the benefits of installed ADS-B, for less money iPad has been the game changer Great for renters, clubs Portable devices are ADS-B In only Lots of options to choose from
57. 57. Poll What iPad app are you flying with? 1) ForeFlight Mobile 2) Garmin Pilot 3) WingX Pro7 4) Other
58. 58. SkyRadar D and DX ADS-B weather and GPS Dual band traffic Optional AHRS WiFi connection Works with WingX, DroidEFB, iFly Requires external power $699 or $849 (with AHRS)
59. 59. iLevil 2 SW and AW ADS-B weather and GPS Single-band traffic Built-in AHRS Works with WingX, FlyQ, Xavion Internal battery and solar panel (SW) $1195 for SW $1395 for AW (adds pitot/static)
60. 60. Dual XGPS170 ADS-B weather and GPS Single-band traffic Built-in battery Works with WingX, FlyQ, others $499.99
61. 61. Sagetech Clarity ADS-B weather and GPS Dual band traffic Optional AHRS model Built-in battery Works with WingX, FlyQ, Fltplan Go Small size and light weight $1150 and $1400 (AHRS)
62. 62. Garmin GDL 39 and GDL 39 3D ADS-B weather and GPS Dual band traffic Optional AHRS model Optional battery Works with Garmin Pilot app Also works with Garmin GPSs $549 to $899 (AHRS with battery)
63. 63. Appareo Stratus 1S and 2S ADS-B weather and GPS Single or dual band traffic models Optional AHRS model Optional pressure altitude sensor Optional flight data recorder Built-in 8-hour battery No wires or antennas (WiFi) Works with ForeFlight app $549 or $899 (dual band + AHRS)
64. 64. Choosing a Receiver ForeFlight Mobile Stratus 1S or Stratus 2S Garmin Pilot Garmin GDL 39 or GDL 39 3D WingX Pro 7 SkyRadar, Dual XGPS170, Clarity, iLevil FlyQ Dual XGPS170, Clarity, iLevil First choose an app
65. 65. Choosing a Receiver Choose an app first, not the receiver. ADS-B reception is comparable among all (good enough). Consider battery life if you dont want to plug in, its nice to have; if youre going to hardwire its not important. Decide if traffic is an important factor if its low priority (or youre ADS-B Out), single band is fine. Buying tips
66. 66. Choosing a Receiver Do you fly IFR? If yes, the AHRS is a nice backup; if not you can save some money. Consider the hardware/app integration how do features work, how do you complete firmware upgrades? All receivers include a GPS, so you dont need a separate one. Buying tips
67. 67. ADS-B In Action
68. 68. Turn on weather with map layers ForeFlight and Stratus
69. 69. Use different chart layers ForeFlight and Stratus
70. 70. METARs and TAFs ForeFlight and Stratus
71. 71. METARs and TAFs ForeFlight and Stratus
72. 72. TFRs ForeFlight and Stratus
73. 73. AIRMETs and SIGMETs ForeFlight and Stratus
74. 74. Pilot Reports ForeFlight and Stratus
75. 75. Winds Aloft ForeFlight and Stratus
76. 76. NOTAMs ForeFlight and Stratus
77. 77. Traffic tap for more info ForeFlight and Stratus
78. 78. Also includes GPS ForeFlight and Stratus
79. 79. AHRS split screen attitude ForeFlight and Stratus
80. 80. AHRS synthetic vision ForeFlight and Stratus
81. 81. Tips for Flying with ADS-B
82. 82. Tips and Tricks 1. Turn ADS-B receiver on 2. Go to Settings app on iPad, connect via WiFi or Bluetooth 3. Start the app 4. Turn on weather overlays Connecting to your iPad
83. 83. Tips and Tricks Take some time to find the right spot in your airplane Line of sight for ADS-B (ground based) View of the sky for GPS (satellite based) Keep it steady for AHRS (if applicable) Direct sunlight? Location, location, location!
84. 84. Tips and Tricks Use external antennas if needed Heated windshields can have an effect experiment (DV window, suction cup) Dont worry about low vs. high towers practically speaking, youll get lots Reception issues
85. 85. Tips and Tricks Make it a habit to check ADS-B status Battery life Age of weather products GPS reception LED dimming Checking status
86. 86. Tips and Tricks Checking status with ADS-B Out
87. 87. Tips and Tricks Show ADS-B ground stations
88. 88. Tips and Tricks Charging tips Know your devices battery life Stratus and Clarity = 8 hours Garmin, Dual and iLevil = 3-5 hours Most need 2 amp chargers, like the iPad Charge it when you charge your iPad
89. 89. Tips and Tricks Connect to multiple devices
90. 90. Tips and Tricks Measure tool
91. 91. Tips and Tricks Rubber band flight planning
92. 92. Tips and Tricks Remember the delay
93. 93. Tips and Tricks Use your eyeballs!!!
94. 94. ipadpilotnews.com Additional resources iPad Pilot News How-to articles iPad Tips & News iPad Newsletter
95. 95. John Zimmerman zimmerman@sportys.comADS-B: A Pilots Guide @jtzim