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Outline
• Accessibility introduction
• Disability and Barriers
• Importance of accessibility
• Inclusive & responsive design
• Regulations
• Encountering accessibility
• Implementation
• Resources
Accessibility Introduction
• Accessibility is availability of resources & services
to people regardless of their abilities
• Digital Divide and Disability Divide
• Areas of disability:• Vision
• Hearing
• Mobility & Motor Control
• Cognitive & Mental Health
Domains of Accessibility
1. Employment
2. Information and Communications
3. Transportation
4. Design of public spaces
Disability
• Social model of disability
(compared to medical and charity models)
• Disabled people vs. people with disabilities
• Situational disabilities
• Temporary disabilities
• Disabilities can be invisible
Barriers
Types of barriers:
1. Information or Communication
2. Technology
3. Attitudinal barriers
4. Organizational barriers
5. Physical
Info System Barriers
• Vital information in images only
• Menus or graphs using only colour for differences
• Fan-out menus that require precise control
• Tiny font size or locking in font size
• Not allowing cursor to be controlled by keyboard
Importance of Accessibility
• Social Considerations
• Legal Requirements
• Business Reasons
• Ancillary Benefits
Inclusive & Responsive Design
• Inclusive Design = "design that considers the full range
of human diversity with respect to ability, language,
culture, gender, age and other forms of human
difference" (OCADU)
• Responsive Design = "aimed at crafting sites to provide
an optimal viewing experience… a wide range of
devices from desktop computer monitors to mobile
phones“ (Wikipedia)
Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
• Goal is for an accessible Ontario by 2025
• Applies to people who live, work, or do business
in Ontario
• Companies with 20+ employees must submit
accessibility report
• Exemplar for other jurisdictions
Methods for Accessibility
Main ways to offer accessible content:
– Assistive Technology
– Automated Conversion
– Human Development
Accessibility in Information Systems
External-facing:
• Websites and e-Business portals
• Self-serve kiosks
• Mobile apps
• Communications (print, video, podcasts, in-person)
Internal:
• Intranets
• Business software (purchased or custom built)
• Finding aids
Implementing Accessibility
Know Your Audience
• Informal data
• Research audience (via survey, focus groups, interviews, etc.)
Accessibility Experts
• Many consultants specializing in this, but check their credentials
Guidelines
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
– Four Principles: perceivable, operable,
understandable, robust
• IBM Guidelines for Accessible Hardware & Software
• Disability specific guidelines
Ensuring Accessibility
Testing Methods:
• Automated software
• Expert testing and walkthroughs
• User testing – the gold standard!
Resources
• W3C (guidelines)
• WebAim (education support & tools)
• O’Reilly Media (education material)
• Inclusive Design Research Centre
@ OCADU (education program)
• Accessibility Camp Toronto (events)