A GeoPortal for Canadian Groundwater Data - Boyan Brodaric, Natural Resources Canada

B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010

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GIN: A Cyberinfrastructure and GeoPortal for Canadian Groundwater Data

Boyan Brodaric Geological Survey of Canada

Natural Resources Canada


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Themes

  Data Cyberinfrastructure (CI) web-based resources for data interoperability

  Spatial Data (cyber)Infrastructure (SDI) open standards for geographically located features and observations

  Groundwater Information Network (GIN) Canadian network for groundwater data


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GW data in Canada

  Distributed, Uncoordinated data Feds (< 10), provs & terrs (<50), municipalities (100s?),

watershed authorities (100s?)

  Heterogeneous data Data use, content, structure, systems (dbs, sensors)

  Variable Volume Use (e.g. extraction, vulnerability): ? Budgets (e.g. regional recharge): 10s? Reservoirs (e.g. aquifers): 100s Observations (e.g. wells, monitoring): 1Ms-10Ms

  Variable Quality Completeness, consistency, location

Use

Budgets

Reservoirs

Observations


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  Ontario & Quebec schematic and semantic heterogeneity

in water-well data

GW data in Canada

Quebec rock type

Ontario rock type


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Recent calls for action

  More online access

  Consolidate access

  Better data quality

  More data (use, monitoring)

GW Data Access

GW Data Management

  More online access

  Consolidate access

  Better data quality

  More data (use, monitoring)


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  Groundwater Information Network (GIN) NRCan, 9 prov/terr (YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NS, NL), USGS Seamless access to GW information

Start with water well databases then sensors GeoConnections seed funding Jan2008-Mar2009

  Principles Distributed: data stays with owners Seamless: acts as one virtual database Multi-access: multiple portals, tools Standards-based: nat’l CGDI & int’l OGC/ISO standards e.g. Groundwater ML (GWML) WaterML GeoSciML

Approach


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Results


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GW Ontology (data content)

GWML, WaterML (data structure)

WFS, WMS,… (data systems)

GW Practices (data usage)

schema

semantic

system

syntax GML (data language)

pragmatic

Groundwater

OGC

  Overcome levels of data heterogeneity

Approach: data interoperability


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Approach: interop architectures

  Catalog central registry unconsolidated access common standards fragmented data e.g. US-CUAHSI

ON QC

OGC OGC

registry

  Warehouse central database consolidated access common standards duplicate, delayed data e.g. AU-AWRIS, EU-WISE

  Network central mediator, registry consolidated access common standards virtual, real-time data e.g. GIN

ON QC

OGC OGC

OGC

mediator registry

ON QC

OGC OGC

OGC

registry


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GML WMS, WFS, SOS

  Groundwater Information Network

Approach: design

GML GWML WaterML WMS, WFS, SOS

GIN Advanced: 3D, analysis

GWML GML-BC GML-AB GML-SK GML-ON GWML GML


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Client! Wrapper!

global"

local"

Wrapper!

global"

local"

SABL ARGL TERR

sand clay soil Mediator!

global"

ON

QC

Typical mediator architecture

  translate query (globallocal)

  translate results (localglobal)

  distribute query   integrate results   distribute results

“find all water wells with unconsolidated materials”!

<RockMaterial> <geneticCategory> <CGI_TermValue> <value…>Sedimentary</value> </CGI_TermValue> </geneticCategory> <lithology> … <name…>Sand</name> </lithology>

  send query   receive results

Registry!metadata"

Ontology!reasoner"matcher"


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W*S!SOS!

local"

W*S, SOS!

Mediator!global"

local"W*S!SOS!

local"

Client!

sand clay soil

SABL ARGL TERR

GIN Mediator architecture   receive & translate query   distribute query   receive results   translate & integrate results   distribute results

“find all water wells with unconsolidated material”!

<RockMaterial> <geneticCategory> <CGI_TermValue> <value…>Sedimentary</value> </CGI_TermValue> </geneticCategory> <lithology> … <name…>Sand</name> </lithology>

ON

QC

CSW!

  send query   receive results

Ontology!

GML O&M

WaterML GWML GeoSciML


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schematic

GIN simple lithology ontology

GIN translation of results

Lithology GWML <lithology> … <name…>Sand</name> </lithoogy>

syntactic

semantic

ON Sand

QC Sand


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GIN Main Site: www.gw-info.net


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GIN Basic Portal

<gsml:lithology> <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2"> <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name> <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals. It is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</gml:description> </gsml:lithology> <gsml:material> <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> <gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:CGI_TermValue> <gsml:value codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLIDATED</gsml:value> </gsml:CGI_TermValue> </gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:physicalProperty> <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> <gwml:hydraulicConductivity> <gsml:CGI_NumericValue> <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier> <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</gsml:principalValue> </gsml:CGI_NumericValue> </gwml:hydraulicConductivity> </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> </gsml:physicalProperty> </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> </gsml:material>

GWML

Google Earth

Excel

ESRI Shape, GeoDb XML


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GIN Advanced portal


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GIN Example   Performance (2 provs) 50 wells = 2.17 secs, 1.08 Mb

500 wells = 15.01 secs, 7.74 Mb 2500 wells = 69.97 secs, 40.80 Mb 5000 wells = 142.27 secs, 80.41 Mb


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Conclusions

  Groundwater data interoperability achieved for water well information and preliminarily sensors

  Dynamic mediation effective and efficient modest data volumes are realistic within wait-times

  Open geospatial standards for schemas and systems are essential


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URLs   Groundwater Information Network (GIN) www.gw-info.net

  Groundwater Markup Language (GWML) http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/gwml

  GeoSciML www.geosciml.org

  WaterML http://external.opengis.org/twiki_public/bin/view/HydrologyDWG

  GIN Mediator http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html

Thank you!


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Semantics: types of ontologies Global Ontology!

Application ontology!

(QC ʻmatprimʼ, QC ʻSABLʼ)"

Application ontology!

(ON ʻmaterial1ʼ, ON ʻsandʼ)"

SABL ARGL TERR

sand clay soil

Upper-Level ontology !

(DOLCE ʻamount-of-matterʼ)"

Domain ontology !

(GeoSciML ʻlithologyʼ, "GeoSciML ʻsandʼ)"

local schema local vocabulary

public schema public vocabulary

general concepts


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standard content standard content

Schematics: GWML example standard structure

<gsml:lithology> <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2"> <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name> <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals.

It is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</gml:description> </gsml:lithology> <gsml:material> <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> <gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:CGI_TermValue> <gsml:value codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLIDATED</gsml:value> </gsml:CGI_TermValue> </gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:physicalProperty> <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> <gwml:hydraulicConductivity> <gsml:CGI_NumericValue> <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier> <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</gsml:principalValue> </gsml:CGI_NumericValue> </gwml:hydraulicConductivity> </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> </gsml:physicalProperty> </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> </gsml:material>


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Approach: users 1. Portal users: end-users (water managers, scientists, consultants, public)

2. Pipeline users: data processors (portal and tool developers)

GIN Basic GIN Advanced

Troo Corp OGSR Trust

OGSR Library Atlantic ENV


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Mediator implementation

  Open source Cocoon, Java, SAX, XML, XSLT

  Re-usable Customizable: plug and play data sources and mappings

  Efficient Multi-threaded, parallel, cached data stream

  Tested GIN, GeoSciML Testbed, OneGeology

  Freely available http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html


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Semantics

  GIN lithology ontology (subset of GeoSciML)

  language-neutral concepts (URN), multi-lingual terms, defs - concept = urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c - terms = “sand” (English), “sable” (French) - definition =

  enables: multi-lingual query and data download

  need to represent definitions in an ontology


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Semantic mapping

<map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sadn" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sad" />

<map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Fine Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="medium fine sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Medium Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Coarse Sand" />

<map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Sandy" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Ssandy" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sand silt" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Quicksand" />

  Semantic mapping LAV: local terms mapped to global concepts mapping specification: XML file (moving to OWL)

  e.g. ON ‘sand’ mapping


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Schema mapping

<gsml:lithology> <gsml:ControlledConcept>

<gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ont:material_1</gsml:identifier>

<gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ont:material_2</gsml:identifier>

<gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ont:material_3</gsml:identifier> </gsml:ControlledConcept> </gsml:lithology>

  Schema mapping LAV: local schema mapped to global schema mapping specification: modified GWML data file


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GWML scope water water properties water budget , reservoirs aquifers wells observations


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  parts of GWML extend GeoSciML, O&M

GeologicUnit EarthMaterial PhysicalDescription

GWML lineage

Observation


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<owl:Class rdf:about="#GeologicUnit"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/ExtendedDnS.owl#plays"/> <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#GeologicUnitPart"/> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf>

conceptual model: OWL/UML, no GML

GWML/GeoSciML design

  ConceptualLogicalPhysical GML schema design

concept to GML

logical model: GML-UML

<LithodemicUnit gml:id="GSV53"> <gml:description>Granite, syenite, volcanogenic sandstone, conglomerate, minor trachyte lava</gml:description> <gml:name>Mount Leinster Igneous Complex</gml:name> <purpose>typicalNorm</purpose> <age> <GeologicAge> <value> <CGI_TermRange> <lower> <CGI_TermValue> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value> </CGI_TermValue> </lower> <upper> <CGI_TermValue> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value> </CGI_TermValue> </upper> </CGI_TermRange> </value> <event> <CGI_TermValue> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- cgi.org/geologicAgeEventVocabulary">intrusion</value> </CGI_TermValue> </event> </GeologicAge> </age> <age> physical model: GML-XML

GML-UML to XML


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Next Steps

  More geographic coverage other Canadian partners

  Higher quality data time-indexed data: water levels, flow rates, quality… SOS

  More types of data aquifers, geology, 3D,… WCS

  More tools 3D Modeling,…

  More infrastructure CWS, OWL Reasoner/Service!


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demo

GIN demo


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Outline

  Interoperability requirements Groundwater data in Canada

  Approach: Groundwater Info Network (GIN) CGDI-based architecture Semantic Interoperability Schematic Interoperability

  Example Implementation Portals

Technology

A GeoPortal for Canadian Groundwater Data - Boyan Brodaric, Natural Resources Canada