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In this presentation we discuss the following topics surrounding fronthaul: 1. Why fronthaul? 2. Capacity requirements 3. Latency requirements 4. Fronthaul and small cells 5. Transport for Fronthaul
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5 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT FRONTHAUL
AVIAT NETWORKS
AGENDA
1) WHY FRONTHAUL?
2) CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
3) LATENCY REQUIREMENTS
4) FRONTHAUL AND SMALL CELLS
5) TRANSPORT FOR FRONTHAUL
AVIAT NETWORKS
WHY FRONTHAUL?
AVIAT NETWORKS
THE DATA STORM
Growth from 1.6 EB per month in 2013 to 11.2EB in 2017 (66%)*
CAPACITY GROWTH
HANDHELD DEVICES
NETWORK COSTS
MOBILE BROADBAND By 2017 there will be an increase on 67% in handheld devices*
CAPEX will increase worldwide by 6% in 2014 to $104.5 billion**
1.5 Billion Mobile Broadband Subscribers Predicted By 2015**
*Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index **Source ABI Research
AVIAT NETWORKS
DENSER NETWORKS
This has several problems: How to meet the required coverage and capacity? How to deal with interference? How to manage increased complexity:
To increase spectral efficiency? To manage customer’s data? To deal with higher CAPEX and OPEX?
the only way to deal with the data storm is to have denser wireless networks with increasing spectral efficiency
AVIAT NETWORKS
STRATEGIES FOR DENSER NETWORKS
RAN DECENTRALIZATION (SON, HETNETS)
TRADITIONAL MACRO CELLS ALL IN ONE BBU / SMALL CELLS
BACKHAUL
RAN CENTRALIZATION (C-RAN)
DISTRIBUTED ANTENNAS (DAS) REMOTE RADIO HEADS (RRH)
FRONTHAUL
WiFi OFFLOAD OFFLOAD
AVIAT NETWORKS
WHAT IS FRONTHAUL? ‘CENTRALIZED’ OR ‘CLOUD’ - RAN
AVIAT NETWORKS
BASE STATION SPLIT
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
POWER SYSTEM
BAS
E ST
ATIO
N
TRANSPORT MODULE BASE BAND MODULE
RF MODULE
CONTROL MODULE
FRONT HAUL BBU / DU
(REC CPRI) digital base band
RRH (REC CPRI)
analog frequency functions
NETWORK INTERFACE
AIR INTERFACE
AVIAT NETWORKS
ADVANTAGES OF C-RAN
Resource pooling Greener infrastructure (re-use) Base station virtualization Simplified management and operation Coordination for interference mitigation (ICIC) Multi technology support No GPS in each remote site
AVIAT NETWORKS
MAIN C-RAN CHALLENGE IS FRONTHAUL
High capacity low latency Fronthaul is needed Fronthaul distance is limited due to latency Base band interconnection in BBU hotel Lack of management tools on Fronthaul links No statistical multiplexing on Fronthaul links
AVIAT NETWORKS
C-RAN offers many benefits for operators however Fronthaul challenges need to be addressed
Takeaway:
AVIAT NETWORKS
CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
AVIAT NETWORKS
CPRI- NO COMPRESSION
WCDMA5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
3 Sector, 4x4 MIMO, 1 Carrier 922 Mbps 7.4 Gbps 14.7 Gbps1 Sector, 2x2 MIMO, 1 Carrier 246 Mbps 1.2 Gbps 2.5 Gbps
LTEScenario
AVIAT NETWORKS
COMPRESSION OF BASEBAND USER DATA
Multiple baseband compression techniques are currently being researched Commercially available IQ
compression causes some distortion in IQ constellation IQ compression currently is below
a ratio of 3 to 1
AVIAT NETWORKS
CPRI- COMPRESSION (2.5 RATIO)
WCDMA5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
3 Sectors, 4x4 MIMO, 1 Carrier 369 Mbps 2.9 Gbps 5.9 Gbps1 Sector, 2x2 MIMO, 1 Carrier 98 Mbps 461 Mbps 983 Mbps
ScenarioLTE
AVIAT NETWORKS
Compression will likely be required to make wireless CPRI Fronthaul a reality
Takeaway:
AVIAT NETWORKS
LATENCY REQUIREMENTS
AVIAT NETWORKS
CPRI-ROUND TRIP LATENCY (LTE)
“cable length latency”
+
CORE CPRI
BBU
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM (FIBER / MICROWAVE)
RRH
IP BACKHAUL
RRH CPRI CPRI
B
C
A
A B C + TOTAL LATENCY= }
FOR CPRI= 5 µs STANDARD DEPENDENT
FOR LTE (100/200 µs)
AVIAT NETWORKS
CPRI latency requirement (<200us) will demand the use of ultra low latency Fronthaul solutions
Takeaway:
AVIAT NETWORKS
FRONTHAUL AND SMALL CELLS
AVIAT NETWORKS
EXPANSION USING FRONTHAUL + SMALL CELL CELL SPLIT USING FRONT HAUL TRADITIONAL MACRO CELL DEPLOYMENT
Source: NGMN
AVIAT NETWORKS
TRADITIONAL DEPLOYMENT + SMALL CELL (BACKHAUL) TRADITIONAL MACRO CELL DEPLOYMENT MACRO CELL + SMALL CELL DEPLOYMENT
Source: NGMN BACKHAUL
AVIAT NETWORKS
Operators will use a combination of CRAN/RRH and Small Cells
Takeaway:
AVIAT NETWORKS
TRANSPORT FOR FRONTHAUL
AVIAT NETWORKS
FIBER / MICROWAVE FRONTHAUL COMPARISON
FIBER 70/80 GHz MICROWAVE LICENSED MICROWAVE (6 to 42 GHz)
CAPACITY:1 SECTOR,10MHz, 2x2 MIMO, 1 CARRIER, NO COMPRESSIONCAPACITY:1 SECTOR,10MHz, 2x2 MIMO, 1 CARRIER, COMPRESSION: 2.5LATENCY
CapacityWDM self seeded PON 1 fiber upto 10 Gbps per RRH
2.5 Gbps 1.2 Gbps
LOS LOSParabolic antenna Parabolic antenna
LINK LENGTHS Maximum 40Km Maximum 2Km Maximum 60Km
LATENCY 5 µs per Km 3 µs per Km + processing (between 5µsec and 50µsec)
3 µs per Km + processing (between 60µsec and 298µsec)
CAPEX Very high Medium MediumOPEX Low Low Low
SOLU
TIO
NS SITE LOCATION /RESTRICTIONS Right of way issues
REQ
UIR
EMEN
TS 1.2 Gbps
461 Mbps
<200 µs for LTE
AVIAT NETWORKS
Single channel compressed CPRI is the most likely application for centimeter wave microwave Fronthaul
Takeaway:
AVIAT NETWORKS
1. C-RAN offers many benefits for operators however Fronthaul challenges need to be addressed
2. Compression will likely be required to make wireless CPRI Fronthaul a reality
3. CPRI latency requirement (<200us) will demand the use of ultra low latency Fronthaul solutions
4. Operators will use a combination of CRAN/RRH and Small Cells
5. Single channel compressed CPRI is the most likely application for centimeter wave microwave Fronthaul
CONCLUSIONS
W W W . AV I AT N E T W O R K S . C O M