Augmenting Theory in Community Psychology with a Social Network Perspective Social Network Analysis and the Psychology of Social and Community Interventions Isidro Maya-Jariego, Daniel Holgado & Ignacio Ramos Departamento de Psicología Social (Universidad de Sevilla)
We examine the implications of a network approach for the empirical analysis of empowerment, acculturation and sense of community. Network analysis (a) contributes with a multilevel examination of community processes, (b) allows the evaluation of multiple belongings, determining overlapping communities and sub-communities, and (c) serves for analysing the relationship of communities with their immediate environment.
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Augmenting Theory in Community Psychology with a Social Network
Perspective Social Network Analysis and the Psychology of Social
and Community Interventions Isidro Maya-Jariego, Daniel Holgado
& Ignacio Ramos Departamento de Psicologa Social (Universidad
de Sevilla)
Theoretical contextNetwork analysis and communities We examine
the implications of a network approach for the empirical analysis
of sense of community and acculturation. Network analysis a.
Contributes with a multilevel examination of community processes,
b. Allows the evaluation of multiple belongings, determining
overlapping communities and sub- communities, and c. Serves for
analyzing the relationship of communities with their immediate
environment. 4cipc BCN-2012 2
From networks to communitiesDetecting communities in networks
Community structure refers to the occurrence of groups of nodes in
a network that are more densely connected internally than with the
rest of the network. Clustering, Partitioning, Segmenting, etc.
From hierarchical agglomeration to edge betweenness removal
(Girvan-Newman, 2002). Community detection algorithms reveals
significant patterns of interaction in a network. 4cipc BCN-2012
3
ExampleHyperlinks among the pages of a website M.E.J. Newman,
M. Girvan. Finding and evaluating community structure in networks.
Phys. Rev. E, 69 (2) (2004). 4cipc BCN-2012 4
From networks to communitiesModels of core/periphery structure
It is frequent to observe networks compound by a dense, cohesive
core and a sparse, unconnected periphery (Borgatti & Everett,
2000). The core is comprised of key members of the community that
develop strong links among them. The periphery is weakly connected
and they may be new members, outsiders, or bridges to other
communities. 4cipc BCN-2012 5
ExampleEmergent online community V. Krebs. (2005)
http://orgnet.com 4cipc BCN-2012 6
From networks to communitiesPersonal network visualizations to
elicitcommunities It is difficult for individuals to list the
communities where they participate Personal network visualizations
generates three times more communities than spontaneous recall.
Groups and communities are interrelated. Groups seems to be
mediating structures to participate in (and to identify)
communities. 4cipc BCN-2012 7
Example Groups and communities in personal network Cachia, R.
& Maya Jariego, I. (2010). Eliciting communities from personal
network visualisations: ties, groups and communities. XXX INSNA
Conference. 4cipc BCN-2012 8
Augmenting theoryImplications for researching communities Sense
of community research has focused in the psychological experience
of community. The contribution of a network approach: It focuses in
social interaction. It assumes that the boundaries of a community
are diffuse, and the position of the individual in the community is
relevant. Finally, individuals may belong to different overlapped
communities simultaneously. 4cipc BCN-2012 9
Networks and acculturationAssessing acculturation of
individuals International migration leads to changes in social
integration, in the structure of the social network, and in the
support functions that result from them Less structural embeddeness
More relational mobility Less availability of social support
Concentration of social support functions Re-building the size,
structural and functional dynamics of personal networks
Acculturation: more heterogeneity and less cohesion, reorganization
of support functions... 4cipc BCN-2012 10
ExampleCompetition between active relationships Expatried
Origen country compatriots Spain Territorial Relational Territorial
Alcal University students in Seville Seville Maya-Jariego, I. &
Armitage, N. (2007). Multiple Senses of Community in Migration and
Commuting: the Interplay Between Time, Space and Relations.
International Sociology. 4cipc BCN-2012 11
Example Average betweenness and other indicators of
acculturation Maya Jariego, I. & Holgado, D. (2009).
Geographical mobility and personal transitions: Covariation of
personal networks and social networks data. ECRP Meeting, Oxford.
4cipc BCN-2012 12
ExampleInverse relationship between structuralcohesion and
ethnic diversity Domnguez, S. & Maya-Jariego, I. (2008).
Acculturation of Host Individuals: Immigrants and Personal
Networks. AJCP. 4cipc BCN-2012 13
Augmenting theoryImplications for researching acculturation
Acculturation has focused in the personal experience of
acculturation. The contribution of a network approach: It focuses
in social interaction. It avoids social desirability biases. It is
possible to model the topology of intergroup contact, As well as
deploying an interactive model of acculturation. Method that
capture context (Luke, 2005). 4cipc BCN-2012 14
Laboratorio de Redes Personales y Comunidades
http://personal.us.es/isidromj Isidro Maya Jariego Ignacio Ramos
Daniel Holgado 4cipc BCN-2012 15