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10+ supply chain disrupters: which can you spot?
10+ supply chain disrupters: which can you spot?
3-D printing: “the sky is the limit”?
NASA 3-D Printed Lunar Base http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/building-a-lunar-base-with-3d-printing/
“3-D printing has the potential to become
the biggest single disruptive phenomenon
to impact global industry since mass
production lines were introduced early in
the twentieth century”
THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
“9 out of 10 warehouses will be empty”
A short introduction
Robbert Janssen Consultant Logistics | [email protected]
TNO: 5 themes, 3000 employees
Applied scientific research, with a multi-disciplinary
approach
My work at TNO: logistics and supply
chain, multimodal transport, automated
driving, …
…and 3-D Printing
TNO Whitepaper
“The Impact of 3-D Printing on Supply Chain
Management”
Technological details, case-studies, references, etc.
TNO Whitepaper
“Truck Platooning : Driving the Future of Transportation”
Technological details, business cases, case-studies,
references, etc.
In this presentation, I will
show why and how 3-D
printing impacts the supply
chain
• 1. What is 3-D printing?
• 2. Pros / cons
• 3. Applications in markets/industries
3-D Printing
• 4. Supply chain functions impacted by 3-D printing
Impact op Supply Chain
WAT IS 3-D
PRINTING?
3-D printing is the "process of joining
materials to make objects from 3-D model
data, layer upon layer”
3-D printer
3-D CAD software
3-D scanner
STL file
3-D printing in action: adding materials
layer-for-layer. Multiple products on the
print bed Earthrise Space Foundation – wheel and LDV engine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIYLbNrSojs
Enterprise 3-D printing…
AutoDesk’s 3-D printing facility, Pier 9 San Francisco http://www.metropolismag.com/AML_WORKSHOP06.jpg
… and
Consumer 3-D
printing
Why the hype: huge public interest due to
rise in affordable consumer 3-D printers
2015 Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3114217
Essentially: 3-D printing is an innovation in
manufacturing technology.
Airwolf 3D http://www.inside3dp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/3d-printer-
v.5.5-airwolf3d1.jpg
… and distinct from subtractive
technologies such as injection molding
EPW Injection molding http://www.epw.com/custom-rim-tooling-capabilities/large-injection-mold-tooling/
… and metal forming and machining
Not just one process but many additive
technologies
3D printing, a.k.a.
additive manufacturing
rapid manufacturing
additive layer manufacturing
rapid prototyping
freeform fabrication
selective laser sintering (SLS)
direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)
fused deposition modeling (FDM)
stereolithography (SLA)
laminated object manufacturing (LOM)
electron beam melting (EBM)
powder bed printing
inkjet 3D printing
TNO Equipment for Additive Manufacturing
3-D prints can be made from a single piece of
material, from composite materials, without
assembly, and with moving parts WouterScheublin.com / TNO http://www.scheublinlindeman.com/collection/#/3d-printed-toy-car/
4 BENEFITS
4 (CURRENT) DRAWBACKS
Guitarworld http://www.guitarworld.com/another-dimension-odd-3-d-printed-guitars
+1 Cost-effective product customization
(“tailored for every customer”)
Widex HA / € 400m turnover / 10% YOY growth / 4000 employees http://disruptiveinnovation.se/?p=343
+2 Freedom of design not limited by
traditional manufacturing limitations
Ineke Otte http://www.inekeotte.com/lighting-tables/lighting.html
+3 Complex product manufacturing –
function integration and special structures
GE LEAP jet engine fuel nozzles from 20 parts to 1 part. 19 nozzles/engine http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-11-27/general-electric-turns-to-3d-printers-for-plane-parts
+4 Decentralized manufacturing with
standardized STL file format
-1 Lower production speed and no
economies of scale with high raw material
cost (e.g. plastic filament) Deloitte University http://dupress.com/articles/dr14-3d-opportunity/
Film: TNO PrintValley – serial 3-D printing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h020cIMYgyI
-2 Limited product dimensions (especially
home printer build envelopes)
3-D printed office in Dubai – built in 17 days from concrete, plastic and glass-fiber reinforced gypsum http://www.engadget.com/2016/05/24/worlds-first-3d-printed-office-dubai/
-3 Reduced choice for materials,
colors, and surface finishes (post-
curing) Shapeways http://www.shapeways.com/materials
UMC Utrecht - 3D printed skull to treat thickening bone disease http://www.umcutrecht.nl/research/news/2014/03/3d-printed-skull-implanted-in-patient.htm
-4 Products have limited strength and
resistance to heat/moisture
TNO Equipment for Additive Manufacturing
MarkForged 3D – first carbon fiber 3D printer https://markforged.com/
MARKETS AND
INDUSTRIES
Wohlers Associates 2013 Additive Manufacturing and 3-D Printing State of the Industry. Annual Worldwide
Progress Report. ISBN 0-9754429-9-6.
Other
3.6%
Automotive-
/Motor vehicles
18.6%
Aerospace
10.2%
Industrial/-
business
machines
13.4%
Consumer
products-
/electronics
21.8%
Medical/dental
16.4%
Academic
institutions
6.8%
Government-
/military
5.2%
Architectural
3.9%
The worldwide 3-D printing industry is expected to grow
from $3.07B in revenue in 2013 to $12.8B by 2018
Wohlers Report 2014 http://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2015/03/31/2015-roundup-of-3d-printing-market-forecasts-and-estimates/#4ac680f71dc6
Name-dropping: 3-D Printer manufacturer
market shares
3D Hubs Trends https://www.3dhubs.com/trends
Consumer products: glasses, customized
to fit your face
Protos Eyewear http://protoseyewear.com/
Consumer products: custom jewelry
Nervous System http://www.ecouterre.com/nervous-system-uses-3d-printing-to-make-its-bio-inspired-jewelry/
Consumer products:
3-D printed dress,
made from nylon
Michael Schmidt http://www.michaelschmidtstudios.com/entertainment-wardrobing.html
Automotive: Strati is an all-electric car and
3-D printed in 44 hours
Local Motors Strati https://localmotors.com/3dprintedcar/
Automotive: 3-D printed car dashboards
Bugatti Veyron - customizable dashboard http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/164-The-Bugatti-Veyrons-3D-printed-dashboard.html
Medical: nearly invisible braces
Invisalign - 400.000+ braces per year / 75% gross margin http://www.alliancedentistrync.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/braces-or-invisalign.jpg
Medical: 3-D printed cast with ultrasonic
vibrations speeds up recovery with 40-
80% TechCruch - A 3D Printed Cast That Can Heal Your Bones 40-80% Faster http://techcrunch.com/2014/05/29/a-3d-printed-cast-that-can-heal-your-bones-40-80-faster/
Medical: 3-D printed vertebra made from
titanium powder is more durable and
allows faster healing Peking University - Hospital uses 3D printed orthopedic implants http://english.pku.edu.cn/News_Events/News/Media/10744.htm
Industrial: 3-D printed jet engine prototype
with improved Buy-to-Fly ratio (lighter,
stronger, less parts) GE 3-D printed jet engine http://www.ge.com/stories/advanced-manufacturing
Industrial: 3-D printed carrots
TNO Equipment for additive manufacturing
Industrial: 3-D printed pasta
Barilla - TNO https://3dprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Rosa-pasta.jpg
Industrial: 3-D printed Michelin star desert
TNO, Marijn Roovers, Rest. De Molen http://www.rtlxl.nl/#!/u/7d0994f3-ac84-46b4-8c03-1d61ff400473
Film: TNO Food printing: customized nutrition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6WzyUgbT5A
3-D PRINTING AND
SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
Supplier Customer Suppliers’
Supplier
Source
Internal or External Internal or External
Your Company
Return
Deliver Make Source
Return
Plan
Deliver
Return
Source
Return
Make Source
Return
Plan
Deliver
Return
Deliver Make
Plan
Return Return
Customers’
Customer
Supply Chain Management: SCOR model
Enable
SOURCE
Source readily available raw
materials leading to lower supply
risk
Onshoring: source and
manufacture near the home
market
Outsourcing of
3-D design
MAKE
From single product
production to mass
customization
Low manufacturing
waste and environmental
advantage
Fast production capacity ramp
ups through open production networks
Manufacturing outsourcing
DELIVER
Customized and tailor-made
products: new customer
experiences
Lower supply chain complexity
Direct shipments from parcel
express networks
Small parcel sizes increase pick density
Decreased long-haul inter-continental
freight transport
RETURN
Improved order fulfillment and reduced returns
Decentralized production of spare parts
ENABLE
Product complexity reduction
Working capital improvements and
financial risk mitigation
PLAN FOR 3-D PRINTING
Source: 3-D printing uses readily available raw
materials instead of (constrained) sub-
assemblies and components Kraljic Purchasing Portfolio http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_49.htm
Example input materials:
- Nylons
- Plastics
- Metal
- Brass
- Gold/silver
- Clay
- Porcelain
- Silicone
- Sandstone
- Ceramics
- Wax
- Polymers
Source: Highly automated 3-D printing trades off low
labor costs for low supply chain costs (even saving
custom dutiets - drives near-shoring manufacturing)
Business Insider - Impact On American Jobs Since Offshoring http://www.businessinsider.com/how-3d-printing-will-affect-manufacturing-jobs-2014-8
Make: Low manufacturing waste for small
batches and environmental advantage
due to shorter supply chain
Greenbiz - Is 3D printing an environmental win? http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2013/07/19/3d-printing-environmental-win
Make: Fast global production capacity
ramp-up, using open manufacturing
networks 3D Hubs.com: over 30.000 local 3D printers http://www.3dhubs.com/
Deliver: Lower supply chain
complexity
Deliver: Relatively small 3-D printed products
drive warehouse pick density and parcel volume
growth for courier/express networks
Deliver: Use 3-D printers for outsourced
manufacturing in multi-user, multi-purpose
warehouses
Deliver: Direct shipments from parcel
express networks
TNT Express 3D printing https://3dprint.com/67555/tn-germany-3d-printing/
UPS 3D printing store ttps://www.theupsstore.com/print/3d-printing
Panalpina invests in 3D Printing http://airfreight-logistics.com/2016/02/04/panalpina-and-cardiff-university-expand-research-on-3d-
printing-for-lean-inventories/
http://www.asiabreakbulk.com/index.php?p
age=routes
Deliver: Lower demand for mass-produced products,
leading to less long-haul transport over main Asia-
Europe roues and less work for European DCs
Kuehne+Nagel: Vice-chairman Karl Gernandt fears 3D printers’impact http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article120474302/3-D-Drucker-lehren-die-Logistiker-das-Fuerchten.html
Deliver/return: New customer-
involved purchase experiences
and less returns
Return: Decentralized production of spare-
parts, reducing inventory holding cost and
obsolescence risk Dyson 3D printed spare parts http://www.techdaring.com/why-3d-printing-is-going-to-be-amazing/
Enable: 3-D printing mitigates financial risks by
having lower inventories, upfront payment
(AR↓), and improved cash-to-cash cycles
Key 3-D printing drivers:
it’s happening
New business in customized
products
(mass-customization,
“Size Me”)
Disruptive Value Ratio
(Tremendous value from customized
personal products)
Hybrid manufacturing
(composite 3-D printing and
regular manufacturing, “Click2Print”)
Supply chain redesign
(lower complexity, less inventories, faster cash-to-
cash)
FUTURE 3-D PRINTING SCENARIOS? WHAT ABOUT YOUR FIRM?
DESKTOP FACTORIES IN
THE HOME
LOCALIZED MANUFACTURING
ONLY PROTOTYPING
COMMUNITY CRAFTS
Engagement with
3-D Printing
Corporate uptake of 3-D Printing
High
Low
Low High
3D printing 2030: 4 scenarios http://natashacarolan.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/3d-printing-four-scenarios-for-2030/
Technology disruptive?
Deloitte Nederland – Denying the future https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FW651kusiBI
3-D PRINTING VS.THE SUPPLY CHAIN 09.06.2016| Robbert Janssen
Traditional 3-D Printing
Standardized products / one-size-fits-all Customized, tailor-made products
Mass production – economies of scale Cost-effective small batches – mass customization
Product value High personal use value (personal items)
Enterprise manufacturing Enterprise and Home Manufacturing
Fixed designs – slow changeovers Rapid design changes
Property, plant, equipment asset costs Asset-free 3D Printing-as-a-service
Complex product manufacturing with component
assembly
Complex products manufacturing without tooling and
assembly
Long complex supply chains Shorter supply chains
Distinct operations for prototypes and end-products Single integrated process for prototypes and end-products
High emissions due to global sourcing Sustainable local production (onshoring)
Traditional production Hybrid 3-D printing/traditional production
Short summary of key changes
