3D BODY SCANNING

SUBMITTED TOprof. DEEPTI GUPTA

SUBMITTED BY

ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVARishikesh jangir

CONTENTS1.Historical notes2.Developments in 3D body scanners3.Introduction-what we can measure4.Kinds of application5.Technologies5.1 laser scanning5.2 white light scanning5.3 image processing and modeling5.4 millimeter wave radar5.5 digital tape measurement6. applications6.1 fashion – visual try on6.2 made to measure7. Manufactures available in market.

HISTORICAL NOTES

THE PAST TODAY

1832 “Stereoscope”Sir Charles Wheatstone (England)

3D Displays and 3D Visualization

Contd...

THE PAST TODAY

1849 “Métrophotographie” Aimé Laussedat (France)1st Photogrammetric record Façade Hotel des Invalides

3D Measurementand 3D Scanning

Contd…

THE PAST TODAY

1882 “Fusil chronophotographique”Étienne-Jules Marey (France)Human locomotion study

MOCAP systems

Contd….

THE PAST TODAY

1883 “Bertillonage”Alphonse Bertillon (France)Recording of anthropometric data for identification

Anthropometryand Biometry

Developments of 3D Body Scanners 1970 Shadow Moire

topographyApplication for human body Takasaki (JP)

1985 Patent filed for 3D surface digitizer by laser beam

Cyberware Inc. (USA)

1989 Face scanning for “The Abyss”Cyberware Inc. (USA)

1989 1st full body scanning systemThe Loughborough anthropometric shadow scanner (LASS)University of Loughborough (UK)Application: anthropometric surveys

1995 1st 3D color full body scanner Capable of capturing shape and color in one pass Cyberware Inc. (USA)

1996 3D full body scannerTriFrom System, fringe techniqueWicks&Wilson (UK) Application: shape tracking, health clubs.

1998 1st 3D full body scanner for clothing industryTC2 (USA)

2005 Millimeter wave scannerScanning without undressingIntellifit (USA)

2008 Full automatic“from 3D scan to Avatar”TC2 (USA)

2009 Microsoft Project Natal – Kinect (2010)Extremely low cost 3D sensor <120€, Massive extension/sales Application: game-controller, hacked -> direct access to 3D data

INTRODUCTION What can be measured

Full body Face chest Foot Half body Legs Arms Hands Body

parts Back

For which purpose, what kind of applications

Animation Computer games Ergonomics Medicine / Forensic Anthropometry Cosmetics / Dermatology Biometry / Security Fitness / Sport Functional Apparel /

Fashion Art / Sculpture Communications

TECHNOLOGIES

Laser Scanning

White light scanning

Image processing and modelling

Millimeter-wave radar

Digital tape measurements

Photogrammetry /Visual hull /Silhouette

Laser scanning Lasers to project on to human body one or more

thin and sharp strips simultaneously. Light sensors acquires the scenes and by applying

simple geometrical rules the surface of human body is measured.

The laser scanner unit, which is composed of the laser, the optical system and the light sensor, is moved across the human body to digitize the surface.

Examples of systems

FULL BODY SCANNER Vitus (VITRONIC GmbH).

4 scanner units moves vertically along 4 pillars

Total scanning time: ~ 12 seconds.

Contd… FULL HEAD SCANNER 3030RGB/PS

(Cyberware Inc.) 1 scanner unit moves horizontally in

circle around a person Total scanning time: ~ 17 seconds.

Contd…

FULL FOOT SCANNER YETI (Vorum Research Corp.)

3 scanner units moves horizontally along the foot

Total scanning time: ~ 4 seconds

Advantages

Quickly capture all of the physical measurements of any physical object

Save time in design work Ensure parts will fit together on the first try. enhancing a product's design accurate measurements of an object.

Disadvantages

Cost. Laser is harmful. Psychological factors , nudity. Practical problems like moment,

breathing , hairs , eyes. Private data – visibility & data storage.

White light scanning It is second technology used extensively for human

body measurement. Instead of moving the scanner unit, a light pattern (usually in form of stripes) is projected onto the

human body. binary coding are used to determine the origin of

the single stripes; for the increment of the resolution, the projected stripes are additionally shifted.

Advantages over laser technologies

Less time for scanning

No harmful for body-eye safe

Comparatively more accurate

Economical factor

Creates a very high density point cloud

Can scan small parts with intricate details

Disadvantage

Sensitive to ambient light – best used in darkened room

Cannot be used to scan shiny surfaces

“Occlusion” effects require the need for additional images to be taken

Slow when measuring objects with many intricate details

Coding system

BINARY COLOR

Examples of white light scanning

FULL BODY SCANNER Mega 3P (InSpeck Inc.)3 pillars placed around a personEach pillar has 2 sensor units: projector and cameraTotal scanning time: ~ 4 seconds

Image processing and modelingIn this technology, 3D measurements are not performed, but 3D information is generated and extracted from 2D images.

By using the symmetry of the human body, the most important sizes of body are computed with sufficient accuracy from the silhouettes of the body.

The big advantage of combining image processing and modeling techniques is the extremely lower price compared to real 3D measurement

Millimeter-wave radarFull body scanner Intellifit System (Intellifit Corp., Unique Ltd.) (2005) Person step inside the cabin without

undressing “L” shaped mm-waves transceiver swings

around the person

Non-harmful radiation penetrates clothing and reflects off the body.

The reflected signal are recorded by the transceiver and analyzed.

200,000 points of body surface measured Body sizes extracted automatically,

accuracy: 6mm

Digital tape measurements The method combines classical human body

measurement and digital technology. The measurement process is completely similar to classical tape measurement, where lengths are measured by a tape at different key-location of the human body (chest, waist, sleeve, etc.).

APPLICATIONS – 3D Body Scanning Technologies

Medicine Plastic surgery Forensics Orthopedics

Fashion/apparel Virtual-try-on Size surveying Made-to-

measure

Other sectors Virtual-make-

over Art & sculpture Security

fashion – Virtual-try-on

Process1. Full body scan2. Cloth definition (CAD)3. Stitching4. Cloth simulation5. Definition of motion/MOCAP6. Virtual fashion show7. Applicationse.g. design and development of new garment (digital prototyping) online shopping with virtual models.

fashion – Made-to-measure

1. Full body scanning and body size extraction

2. Selection of garment options3. Automatic definition of cutting patterns4. Automated garment production5. Garanteed perfect fit

2. Selection of garment options

Virtual-make-over

Eyewear (Visionix Inc.)

Head modeling Haircut 3D modeling Haircut visualization

Hairdressing (Stellure Inc.)

THE FUTURE of 3D body scanning

Affordable 3D monitorsVolumetric 3D displaysHolographic projections

3D scanning for everybodyFull automatic, easy, inexpensive

Examples: 3D Foto-Booth, InSpeck Inc. (CA)TC2 and Microsoft Kinect (USA)

4D scanning / dynamic 3D scanning

Manufactures available in market

3dMD LLC (USA) is the world leader in 3D body scanning for medical applications, with well more than 1,400 3D cameras worldwide

TechMed 3D (Canada) is an high tech company specializing in body measurement technologies and digital imaging solutions adapted to the orthotics, prosthetics and custom equipment market

Human Solutions GmbH (Germany) is a world market leader for body scanning and ergonomics simulation. Systems from Human Solutions are used by more than 300 companies worldwide.

VITRONIC GmbH (Germany), a world leading organization in the field of machine vision, is developer and manufacturer of body scanning systems employed by Human Solutions

SpaceVision Inc. (Japan) is a leading manufacturer of innovative 3D imaging solutions used in various application fields..

4D View Solutions (France) provides complete hardware and software platforms for the capture of photorealistic videos in 3D.

TELMAT Industrie SA (France) is a world leader in 3D body scanning and automated body measurement. The high-speed 3D digitization process SYMCAD has enabled to scan and measure more than 800'000 individuals nowadays.

CAD Modelling Ergonomics Srl (Italy) produces tailor dummies, fit mannequins and anthropometric fashion dummies for fitting control and the portable 3D full body scanning system Body-ScanFit

Elinvision UAB (Lithuania) designs and produces measuring and control devices, machine vision systems, 3D laser scanners, digital dental cameras and software.

Lectra SA (France) is the world leader in integrated technology solutions (software, CAD/CAM hardware, services) for industries using textiles to manufacture their products. Lectra will demonstrate Modaris V7, the apparel pattern-making and grading software solution with fully-integrated 3D virtual prototyping technology.

Tukatech Inc. (USA) provides pattern making, grading and marker making software, 3D apparel prototyping systems and manufacturing equipment.

corpus.e AG (Germany) designs 3D imaging and 3D scanning systems. At the conference exhibition, corpus.e will demonstrate its 3D foot scanning and measurement system lightbeam, based on the patented MagicalSkin technology.

References 1. Nub3D, Dimensional inspection of turbine blades, http://

www.nub3d.com/english/aplicaciones03.htm (accessed 12/19/2005).

2. A. Bellmann, T. Suthau, S. Stoinski, A. Friedrich, O. Hellwich, H.-C. Gunga, 3D-Modelling of dinosaurs, Proc. of the 7th conference on Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques, Vienna, Austria, October 3-5, 2005.

3. R. Heintz, H. Fahrner, G. Bono, R. Van Cauter,Inspection of plastic tool housings at the speed of light, http://www.metris.com/en/html/successtories/AtlasCopco Article _ENG.pdf (accessed 12/19/2005).

4. 3Shape, D-200 Dental 3D scanner, http://www.3shape.com(accessed 12/19/2005).

5. N. D'Apuzzo, Digitization of the human body in the present-day economy , in: Beraldin, J.-A., El-Hakim, S.F., Gruen, A., W alton, J.S. (Eds.), Videometrics VIII, Proc. of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE Vol. 5665, San Jose (CA), USA, 2004, pp. 252-259

6. Visionix, Visionix 3D iView, The world's first commercial 3D virtual-try-on system for eyewear,Human Body Measurement Newsletter, Vol.1, Nr.2, September 2005,http://www.homometrica.ch/en/indexnews.html(accessed 12/19/2005).

7. J.-M. Surville, Advances in 3D acquisition, Proc. of 3D modelling 2005, September 27-28, 2005, Paris, France.

8. Diers, Optical stato-dyamical spine analysis and posture measurement system: formetric 3D/4D,http://www.diers.de/english/measurement/formetric/formetric.htm(accessed 12/19/2005).

9. Helmick and Schechter Sculpture, Jurisprudents, http://www.handsart.net/jurisprudents.html(accessed 12/19/2005).

10. N. D'Apuzzo, Grand Odyssey, the film where spectators star in, Human Body Measurement Newsletter, Vol.1, Nr.1,April 2005, http://www.homometrica.ch/en/indexnews

Thank you