A Look Ahead to the 2010 HCM

Mark Vandehey, PEFebruary 4, 2010

UFUNIVERSITYof

FLORIDA Texas Transportation InstituteUNIVERSITY

polytechnic

Presentation Overview

• Introduction• Summary of significant changes• Overall organization• Conclusion

NCHRP 3-92 – Production of the 2010 HCM

• HCM’s 5th Major Revision (1950, 1965, 1985, 2000)• Project began in October 2007 • Chapters delivered to TRB between July 2009 and March

2010– Currently 95% Complete

• Scheduled for publication by TRB by the end of 2010• Key tasks:

State of the Art Review and Inventory Focus Groups Supplemental Research for 2010 HCM Prepare Draft Chapters Assist TRB During Publication Process

Outreach to Professionals

• Focus groups on the HCM2000 early in the project– Mix of perspectives (DOT, city/county, consultants,

academia)• Website for HCQS Committee members and friends

– Research reports supporting new HCM content– Issue papers on HCM organization, objectives, content– Review and comment on draft chapters– Research team responses to comments

• Presentations like this one

Presentation Overview

• Introduction• Summary of significant changes• Overall organization• Conclusion

Summary of Significant Changes

• Incorporation of New Research• Integrated Multimodal Approach• Increased Emphasis of Alternative Tools• New Chapter on Active Traffic Management

Incorporation of New Research

• NCHRP 3-60(Interchange Ramp Terminals)

• NCHRP 3-64(HCM Applications Guide)

• NCHRP 3-65(Roundabouts in the United States)

• NCHRP 3-70(Multi-Modal Arterial LOS)

• NCHRP 3-75(Freeway Weaving)

• NCHRP 3-79(Arterial Travel Speeds)

Incorporation of New Research (cont’d.)

• NCHRP 3-82 (Default Values for HCM)• NCHRP 3-85 (Guidelines for the Use of Alternative Traffic

Analysis Tools)• NCHRP 20-7 (Two-Lane Highways)• FHWA Research on Active Traffic Management• NCHRP 3-92 supplemental research

– Signalized Intersection Methodology (new delay method and structure changes reflecting actuated control)

– Gap acceptance for six-lane, two-way stop-controlled Intersections

– 75 mph speed-flow curve for freeways

9

Multimodal LOS Measure Issues

• HCM 2010 will consider a broader range of factors for ped and bike analysis

• Current HCM method focuses on speed, delay, and space• Florida & NCHRP 3-70 research suggest these aren’t the

key factors• Auto volumes highly important to bike & ped service quality

HCM2000: Ped LOS A HCM2000: Ped LOS D

Vision for 2010 HCM - Interrupted Flow Facilities

• Multimodal Evaluation– Emphasize combined evaluation of auto, ped, bike, and

transit

Pedestrian LOSAutomobile LOSBicycle LOS Transit LOS

Interactions

FDOT Quality/LOS Handbook 2002

11

MMLOS Urban Street Applications

• Segments – All four modes

• Signalized Intersections– Auto, ped and bike mode

• Facility– All four modes

segmentfacility

12

2010 HCM Approach

• Focus on the traveler perspective• Allow trade-offs between modes to be evaluated• Presence of one mode affects other modes

Mode Affected

Impacting Mode

Auto Ped Bike Transit

AutoAuto & HV volumes

Turning patternsLane configurations

Minimum green timeTurn conflicts

Mid-block crossings

Turn conflictsPassing delay

Heavy vehicleBlocking delaySignal priority

Ped

Auto & HV volumesCycle length

Driver yieldingTurn conflicts

Traffic separation

Sidewalk crowdingCrosswalk crowding

Cross-flows

Shared-path conflicts

Bicyclist yielding

Heavy vehicleTransit stop queues

Stop cross-flowsVehicle yielding

Bike

Auto & HV volumesAuto & HV speedOn-street parking

Turn conflictsTraffic separation

Shared-path conflicts

Min. green timeTurn conflicts

Mid-block xings

Bike volumesHeavy vehicleBlocking delay

Tracks

TransitAuto volumesSignal timing

Ped. env. qualityMinimum green time

Turn conflictsMid-block crossings

Bike env. qualityBike volumes

Bus volumes

13

Service Measures in the 2010 HCM

System Element

Service Measure Provided

Chapter Auto Ped Bike Transit

Freeway Facility 10

Basic Freeway Segment 11

Freeway Weaving Segment 12

Fwy. Merge/Diverge Seg. 13

Multilane Highway 14

Two-Lane Highway 15

Urban Street Facility 16

Urban Street Segment 17

Signalized Intersection 18

Two-Way Stop 19

All-Way Stop 20

Roundabout 21

Interchange Ramp Term. 22

Off-Street Ped-Bike Facility 23

14

More Emphasis on Alternative Tools

• Explicit recognition that HCM analytical procedures may not always be the best procedure

• Range of alternative tools– Deterministic tools (e.g., TRANSYT-7F for arterial performance)– Stochastic tools (e.g., VISSIM for network performance)

• Examples of applications

15

Alternative Tool Example:Backup from Signal

Mainline vehicles unable to reach the exit lanes Wasted time

on the signal approach

16

Active Traffic Management (ATM)

• New ATM Chapter • Describes ATM measures• Provides known information/methods for evaluating impacts• Advises on appropriateness of HCM and simulation methods• Identifies strategies for maximizing return on investment • Identifies innovative strategies

17

Lane and Shoulder Treatments

FHWA Managed Lanes Primer

Google Street View

18

Congestion Pricing

FHWA, MinnDOT Technologies that Complement Congestion Pricing Primer

Congestion Pricing Primer

19

Innovative Interchange Designs

20

High Capacity Intersection Designs

Presentation Overview

• Introduction• Summary of significant changes• Overall organization• Conclusion

HCM Evolution

• HCM scope has grown over time– Increasing coverage of various system elements and

modes– User interest in more-detailed procedures

• HCM page count has grown correspondingly– 1950: 160 pages– 1965: 432 pages– 1985: 512 pages– 2000: 1,224 pages

Overall Organization

• The 2010 HCM will consist of four volumes– Volume 1: Concepts– Volume 2: Uninterrupted Flow– Volume 3: Interrupted Flow– Volume 4: Applications Guide

24

Overall Organization of HCM 2010

Volume Target Audience Format

% Total Printed Pages

I: ConceptsNew analysts and decision makers

Bound & PDF 20

II: Uninterrupted Flow Facilities

Analysts Loose leaf & PDF 30

III: Interrupted flow Facilities

Analysts Loose leaf & PDF 50

IV: Applications Guide and Supplemental Material

Analysts, software engineers, and researchers

Live/On-line N/A

Volume 1Concepts

Front Matter1. HCM User’s Guide2. Applications3. Modal Characteristics4. Traffic Flow & Capacity Concepts5. Traveler Perception Concepts6. Analysis Tools7. Interpreting & Presenting Results8. Executive Summary/Policy Considerations9. Glossary & SymbolsVolume 1 Index

Chapter 8

• Executive summary of the HCM for decision-makers • Outline:

– Highway capacity concepts for decision-makers– QOS concepts for decision-makers– Analysis process

• Levels of analysis, analysis tool selection, HCM methodologies, interpreting results

– Decision-making considerations• Tools vs. standards, HCM methodology evolution, variations in user

satisfaction, role of companion documents• Consider more than LOS!

Volume 2Uninterrupted Flow

How to Use Volume 2

10. Freeway Facilities

11. Basic Freeway Segments

12. Freeway Weaving Segments

13. Ramps & Ramp Junctions

14. Multilane Highways

15. Two-Lane Highways

Volume 2 Index

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HCM2010 Updates Chapter 10: Freeway Facilities

• Incorporates all Freeway Chapter Changes, plus

• Definition of Average Facility Density

• LOS Measure and Table

• Increased Emphasis on Impacts of Weather and Work Zones

Methodology

• Macroscopic Method by Segment– Basic Freeway Segments– Weaving Segments– On-ramp and Off-Ramp Segments

• Directional Methodology• Extended Time-Space Domain

– Distinguish Demand and Volume– Queue Interaction between segments

and time periods• Two Flow Regimes

– Undersaturated (all d/c<1.0)– Oversaturated (any d/c>1.0)

• Implemented in FREEVAL2010

Time-Space Domain

S1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T1

S4 S5 S6 S7 S8S2 S3

Inputs and Outputs

• Inputs– Geometry (from Google or CAD)– Jam density– Free-flow speed and ramp speeds– Truck percentage (can vary)– 15-minute demand flows

• Output– Speed, Density, Travel Time, Capacity, Throughput– Segment Measures also include LOS– Facility Aggregation by Time Interval– Detailed output Worksheets...– 3-D plots of selected outputs

Facility and Segments

Directional Facility

ONR-1 OFR-1 ONR-2 OFR-2 ONR-3 OFR-3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ONR-1 OFR-1 ONR-2 OFR-2 ONR-3 OFR-3

1 - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Segment Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Segment Type

B ONR B OFR B B or W B ONR R OFR B

Segment Length (ft.)

5280 1500 2280 1500 5280 2640 5280 1140 360 1140 5280

No. Lanes 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3

FREEVAL Output Screens

FREEVAL Output Graphs

1

3

50.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time Interval

d/c

Segment Number

d/c Contours

1.00-1.20

0.80-1.00

0.60-0.80

0.40-0.60

0.20-0.40

0.00-0.20

1

3

50.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time Interval

v/c

Segment Number

v/c Contours

1.00-1.20

0.80-1.00

0.60-0.80

0.40-0.60

0.20-0.40

0.00-0.20

1

3

50.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time Interval

Spee

d (m

i/hr

)

Segment Number

Space Mean Speed Contours (mi/hr)

50.00-60.00

40.00-50.00

30.00-40.00

20.00-30.00

10.00-20.00

0.00-10.00

1

3

50.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time Interval

Den

sity

(veh

/mi/

ln)

Segment Number

Density Contours (veh/mi/ln)

50.00-60.00

40.00-50.00

30.00-40.00

20.00-30.00

10.00-20.00

0.00-10.00

FREEVAL Output Tables (LOS)

Volume 3Interrupted Flow

How to Use Volume 3

16. Urban Street Facilities

17. Urban Street Segments

18. Signalized Intersections

19. Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections

20. All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections

21. Roundabouts

22. Interchange Ramp Terminals

23. Off-Street Pedestrian & Bicycle Facilities

Volume 3 Index

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Chapter 22Interchange Ramp Terminals

• Additional Lost Time Procedure– Reduction in effective green period– Two causes for reduction

• Queue spillback• Demand starvation

• Lost Time Due to Queue Spillback

Northbound incurs additional lost time

Volume 4

• Electronic-only• 12 chapters• New Chapter on Active Traffic Management• Supplemental chapters

– Target audience:• Users who seek a greater depth of understanding• Users who plan to develop HCM implementation software

– Sensitivity analyses, statistics on methodological uncertainty, data collection forms, some worksheets

– Example problems and computational results• Updated HCM Applications Guide• Technical Reference Library• Interpretations & clarifications

Style

• Similar to HCM2000, Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, and the Highway Safety Manual– Better use of margin space– More efficient graphics

layout– Facilitates hyperlinking in

the electronic version

Presentation Overview

• Introduction• Summary of significant changes• Overall organization• Conclusion

Conclusion

• The 2010 HCM will incorporate the results of more than$5 million in funded research since the HCM2000

• It incorporates a number of changes desired by the user community

• It continues the HCM’s (and the user community’s) evolution toward a more multimodal approach to addressing transportation issues

• It is designed to continue to be relevant to users in an age of increasing reliance on software tools

Thank you!

Mark Vandeheymvandehey@kittelson.com