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Research Methodology Dr. Nimit Chowdhary, Professor

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© Dr. Nimit Chowdhary Research Methodology Workshop p. 2

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Traditional approach K.D. has a hunch that someone murdered

someone else Seek to prove it!

© Dr. Nimit Chowdhary Research Methodology Workshop p. 3 Friday, April 13, 2012

ACP Pradyuman’s team find evidence And then they produce the theory on what

probably happened!


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It is important to make sense of things around us!



Epistemology is study of knowledge. It is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge

What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? How do we know what we know?

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Epistemology is concerned with how we know things and what we can regard as acceptable knowledge of discipline.There are two ways one can acquire knowledge about things/ phenomenon Through sensory experienceThrough reasoning

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Source of knowledge

Reasoning used

Empiricism Through sensory experience

Inductive reasoning(Aristotle)

Rationalism Through reasoning

Deductive reasoning(Plato)

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This is deduction This is induction


From specific to generalExample

All swans which have been observed are white in colourTherefore one can conclude that all swans are white

Everyone uses inductive reasoning every day quite successfully without even thinking about it

Some times what appears obvious may not be so after systematic research

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From general to specificExample

All men have two handsNimit is a manTherefore, Nimit has two hands

It is not practically possible to be either a pure inductivist or deductivist as you either need some theoretical ideas in order to know what info to look for; or some knowledge in order to devise theories

Are you seeking to prove or disprove a theory? Or are you trying to generalize your findings to a population?If so this will be a deductive approach, a quantitative approach

Or are you hoping to elicit some understandings on what people think or feel about an issue? Is the topic an area that there is little information and so you must undertake an initial, exploratory study?If so this will be induction, a qualitative approach


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Test the theory that people who have never done research before will attend a research methods course to do research in the futureYou want to test a theory-This is deductive approach.

Or ask a question why do people do a research methods course? What is your theory on this?You want to propose a theory-This is inductive approach.


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Business research provides information

to guide business decisions

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A process of determining, acquiring,analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminatingrelevant business data, information, andinsights to decision makers in ways thatmobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance

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Complex Decisions

Stakeholder Influence

Competition

Factors

Growth of Internet

Business as a discipline

Government Intervention

Greater Computing

Power

New Research

Perspectives

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Data warehousing Storing vast amounts

of data in electronic storehouses

Data mining Applying mathematical

models to extract meaningful knowledge from data in internal databases

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Organizational Mission Business Goals

Business Strategies Business Tactics

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Decision Support Systems Numerous elements of

data organized for retrieval and use in business decision making

Stored and retrieved via Intranets Extranets

Business Intelligence Systems

Ongoing information collection

Focused on events, trends in micro and macro-environments

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Business Intelligence

Demographic

Economic

Cultural/ social

Technological

Competitive

Government/ Regulatory

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Häagen-Dazs Tactics Super premium Dozens of flavors Small packages Signature colors on

packaging Available in franchise and

grocery stores

Can information be applied to a critical decision?

Does it improve managerial decision-making?

Are sufficient resources available?

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CharacteristicsDSS

Models

Data collection/

transmission

Data Management

Data interpretation

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Clearly defined purpose

Detailed research process

Thoroughly planned design

High ethical standards

Limitations addressed

Adequate analysis

Unambiguous presentation

Conclusions justified

Credentials

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Research which combines a deductiveapproach with precise measurement of quantitative data to enable the discovery and confirmation of causal laws

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Quantitative

Qualitative

Positivist

Interpretivist

DeductiveDeductive - begins with an abstract idea and principle and works toward the concrete details to test these ideas.

InductiveInductive - begins with concrete details and then works toward abstract ideas or general principles or laws.

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natural science model:natural science model: representative sampling, formulation and testing of an hypothesis

social science model:social science model: an ethnographic approach to data collection, a research question. Seeks information about reality. Not testing of reality

positivist,systematic, orscientific

researchers using a positivist epistemologygenerally seek to collectquantitative data

anti-positivist, interpretivist,ethnographicor naturalistic

researchers using an anti-positivist epistemologygenerally seek to collectqualitative data

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Deductive approach tests hypothesis

Inductive approach produces theories

This This uuses ses quantitative quantitative

research methodsresearch methods

This This uuses ses qualitative qualitative

research methodsresearch methods


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[email protected]@gmail.com

Technology

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