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VARNASRAMAAn Answer to the World Energy Crisis
Author : Sriman Laksmi Narayana dasE-Mail : [email protected] Produced : 2010Editor : Srimati Vrindavan Lila d.d.Serial No. : 5 of 54
Did you Know?1 kg of beef takes 6 liters
of oil to produce
The earth needs more energy to produce 1 kg of meat than 1 kg of
vegetables
Modern life calls for huge energy consumption
The consumption of fossil energy creates major environmental
problems
“Modern Life” Depends on Huge Energy
Energy Consumption Will Grow Rapidly
• Growing energy consumption is linier with human population and Gross Domestic Income (GDP)
• This graph assumes that the world population will stabilize at 10 billion peopleWhat if the human population does not stabilize at 10 billion?
Can you imagine the chaotic situation?
World Energy Consumption is
Dominated by Fossil Fuel
1970Oil : 88%Natural Gas: 6%Coal: 1%Hydro: 5%Geothermal: 0%
2006Oil : 47%Natural Gas: 22%Coal: 23%Hydro : 2%Geothermal: 5%
Peak Oilen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert_peak_oil_plot.svg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert.jpg
Hubbert (1903-1989)
Era ofenergycrisis
In 1956, Hubbert predicted that global oil production would peak around the Year 2000 and trigger an Energy Crisis with power blackouts and rising costs of energy and fuel.
World Fossil Fuel Reserve
Gas(Nm3)
Oil(ton)
Coal(ton)
World Reserve 180.000 x 109 162.000 x 106 909.000 x 106
Consumption/year 2.692 x 109 3.868 x 106 2.778 x 106
Estimated reserve (year)
67 42 327
Source: Department of Energy and Mining, 2005
• Gas and coal show similar graph with oil production scenarios but have longer period
World Reserves 2007(billion bbl)
742.7
144.4
117.2
103.5
59.9 16.
3
4.3(0.4%
of world reserves)
4.2
5.7
4.2
163.5(oil sand)
World total 1,371
World Proved Oil Reserves by GeographicRegion as of January 1, 2011 (billion barrels)
Source: Oil & Gas Journal.
Top World Oil Producers, 20111 Saudi Arabia 11,1532 Russia 10,2293 United States 10,1424 China 04,2995 Iran 04,2346 Canada 03,6007 UAE 03,0968 Mexico 02,9599 Brazil02,68710 Kuwait 02,68211 Iraq 02,63512 Nigeria 02,52813 Venezuela 02,47014 Norway 02,00715 Algeria 01,884
Thousand Barrels per Day
Saudi ArabiaRussiaUnited StatesChinaIranCanadaUnited Arab EmiratesMexicoBrazilKuwaitIraqNigeriaVenezuelaNorwayAlgeriaIndonesia
Top World Oil Net Exporters, 20111 Saudi Arabia 8,1672 Russia 7,5043 UAE 2,6094 Kuwait 2,3435 Nigeria 2,2426 Iran 2,2067 Iraq 1,8178 Norway 1,7529 Angola 1,75210 Venezuela 1,49011 Algeria 1,48212 Qatar 1,45513 Kazakhstan 1,37714 Canada 1,34115 Mexico 0,827
Thousand Barrels per Day
Saudi ArabiaRussiaUnited Arab EmiratesKuwaitNigeriaIranIraqNorwayAngolaVenezuelaAlgeriaQatarKazakhstanCanadaMexico
Top World Oil Net Importers1 United States 8,6942 China 4,6253 Japan 4,3294 India 2,4835 Germany 2,2356 Korea, South 2,1707 France 1,6978 Spain1,3469 Italy 1,29210 Netherlands 0,94811 Taiwan 0,90212 Singapore 0,88513 Turkey 0,65014 Belgium 0,63415 Thailand 0,549
Thousand Barrels per Day
United StatesChinaJapanIndiaGermanyKorea, SouthFranceSpainItalyNetherlandsTaiwanSingaporeTurkeyBelgiumThailandIndonesia
Top World Oil Consumers, 20111 United States 18,8352 China 08,9243 Japan 04,4644 India 03,4265 Saudi Arabia 02,9866 Brazil02,7937 Russia 02,7258 Germany 02,4009 Canada 02,25910 Korea, South 02,23011 Mexico 02,13312 Iran 02,02813 France 01,79214 UK 01,60815 Italy 01,454Indonesia 01,119
Thousand Barrels per Day
United StatesChinaJapanIndiaSaudi ArabiaBrazilRussiaGermanyCanadaKorea, SouthMexicoIranFranceUKItalyIndonesia
War in the Middle East✱ War in the Middle East is triggered not just by
terrorism. The core issue is the Middle East housing the world’s biggest oil reserve.
✱ Any big country would try to dominate the Middle East politically or by using military power.
Future ProblemsModern Life
Need Much Energy (Energy Crisis)
Mother Earth Exploitation & War
Water Crisis Air Crisis Food Crisis Environmental Problems
Other Problems
Crisis and pollution in any aspect
These are just a few examples of degradation of normally renewable natural resources and services in different parts of the world, mostly as a result of growing population and rising rates of resource-use per person.
Potential Climate Change Impact
Natural Capital Degradation: Food Production
A Smoggy City
Energy consumption mainly of fossil fuel trigger very high environmental problems that cause risk to human life and
health.
DUSTS (Pneumoconiosis) Inorganic Dust Coal Dust - Anthracosis Silica - Silicosis Asbestos - Asbestosis Iron - Siderosis
Organic Dust Cane Fiber - Bagassosis (Bronchi gets affected) Cotton dust - Byssinosis (In textile industries) Tobacco - Tobaccosis
(Lung Cancer) Grain Dust - Farmer’s Lungs
Coal Dust - Anthracnose
Silica - Silicosis
A disease of the lungs characterized by fibrosis is caused by chronic inhalation of mineral dusts, especially silica and asbestos. When insoluble inorganic materials (likesilica and asbestos) enter the lungs, they stay in the lungs and cause inflammation and disease.
Pneumoconiosis
Oxides of Nitrogen - Brochiolitis
They cause eye irritation and respiratory trouble.
They have mutagenic properties.
Hydrocarbons – Lung Cancer
Sulphur dioxide – COPD,Asthma
COPD - diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed
Grain Dust - Farmer’s Lungs
Water-Energy Nexus• Water is essential for all lives on this planet and
almost all human activities.• Water provision is a major challenge that humanity
is facing in the twenty-first century due to limited water resources and the deterioration of water quality.
• In order to meet increasing water demand, a large amount of energy is required for pumping, treating and delivering water.
• Thermo-electric machines consumed approximately 201 billion gallons of freshwater per day in 2005, which accounts for 41% of the total freshwater withdrawals in the U.S.
Three Principles of Sustainability
Three Principles of Sustainability
Reliance on Solar Energy. The sun warms the planet and provides energy that plants use to produce nutrients, or the chemicals necessary for life. Without it, life as we know it would not exist.
Biodiversity is the astounding variety of different organisms, the natural systems in which they exist and interact, and the natural services that these organism and living systems provide free of charge. Without it, most life forms would have been wiped out long ago.
Chemical cycling is the circulation of chemicals from the environment mostly from soil and water through organisms and back to the environment, which is necessary for life.
Natural capital degradation: The Aral sea was one of the world’s largest saline lakes, straddling the borders of
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
20091977 1989 2006
http://throughthesandglass.typepad.com/through_the_sandglass/2012/04/flux.html
Natural Capital Degradation: Water
Fortunately, the world’s freshwater supply is continually collected, purified, recycled, and distributed in the earth’s hydrologic cycle which is driven by solar energy and gravity.
The irreplaceable water recycling and purification systems work well unless we overload them with pollutants or withdraw freshwater from underground and surface water supplies faster than we can replenish them.
In some parts of the world, we are doing all of these things, mostly because we have thought of the earth’s freshwater as essentially a free and infinite resource.
Evaporation and transpiration
Evaporation
Stream
InfiltrationWater tableInfiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Confined aquifer
Lake
Well requiring a pump
Flowingartesian well
Runoff
Precipitation
ConfinedRecharge Area
Aquifer
Less permeable materialsuch as clay Confirming permeable rock layer
Ground Water
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection wellPesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Contamination
Water Pollution Concept 11-5 Reducing
water pollution requires that we prevent it, work with nature to treat sewage, cut resource use and waste, and reduce poverty, and slow population growth.
Point source of water pollutants in Gargas, France
Major Water Pollutants and Their Sources
Table 20-1, p. 532
Ocean Pollution
Human Activities Are Disrupting and Degrading Marine SystemsMajor threats to marine systems
– Coastal development– Overfishing– Use of fishing trawlers – Runoff of nonpoint source pollution– Point source pollution– Habitat destruction– Introduction of invasive species– Climate change from human activities– Pollution of coastal wetlands and estuaries
• Petroleum hydrocarbons• Plastics• Pesticides• Heavy metals• Sewage• Radioactive waste• Thermal effluents
Marine Pollutants
BP offshore drilling rig (Deepwater Horizon) April 20, 2010; 50 miles off Louisiana Spilling 5,000 barrels/day = 200,000 gal/day
Petroleum Hydrocarbons Plastics
North Pacific Subtropical GyreGreat Pacific Garbage Patch- Good Morning America 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLrVCI4N67M&feature=player_embedded
• Designed to kill a variety of pests, such as mosquitoes, agricultural pests and weeds.
• Toxin enters food chain and effects non targeted species.
• Pesticide toxicity often effects human health Rachael Carson- Silent Spring
Bioaccumulation bio magnification
Pesticides & Herbicides
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (DDT):• used as a pesticide from 1939 - late 1960s • fat soluble compound • the world’s production has substantially decreased
since it was banned in the West• detected in mud of deep sea and snow & ice of
Antarctica
Halogenated hydrocarbons or organochlorines:Include DDT and PCBs, which are slow to biodegrade
Pesticides
Polychloronated Biphenyls (PCBs)• produced since 1944• banned in U.S. by 1979• used in production of electrical equipment,
paints, plastics, adhesives, and coating compounds…
• found everywhere in the ocean• released in the environment by unregulated
incineration of discarded products
DDT & PCBs affects: • copepod and oyster development• death of shrimp and a variety of fish
Bibliography• BP (2014). BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014. United States.• International Energy Agency. (2014). World Energy Statistic.• Hughes, L., & Shupe, D. (2011). Applying the four ‘A’s of energy security as
criteria in an energy security ranking method. The Routledge Handbook of Energy Security. New York: Routledge.
• Pascual, Carlos & Elkind, Jonathan. (2010). Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies, and Implications. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
• Mukhtasor. (2014). Principe of Environmental Science: Energy and the Environmental. Jakarta: Indonesia Defense University.
• Department of Energy and Mining of Indonesia. (2005).• Zhuang, Yilin. (2014). A System Dynamics Approach to Integrated Water and
Energy Resources Management. Florida: University of South Florida.
What Can We Do?Back To Nature and Build Sustainable Organic Agriculture
✱ Use less energy by discarding meat, and eat just organically certified products.
✱ Organically grow some of our food (use organic fertilizers, biological pest control, integrated pest management, efficient irrigation).
✱ Eat locally grown food, ✱ Compost and cut down food wastes.✱ Support the efforts of the OM Sri Surabhi Campaign
and get involved: www.srisurabhi.org
Srila Prabhupada Said:“This is not good civilization. It will not stay. There will be catastrophe. Many times it has happened and it will happen…”. June 6, 1974-Geneva
“The modern life of civilization depends wholly on electricity and petrol and both of them are artificial for man”. Letter – Nov. 13, 1965-NY
What Srila Prabhupada said is 100% true. Let us not waste our time in waiting. Let’s return to our Vedic Culture.Varnasrama Dharma is the Only Solution!
“Simple Living * High Thinking”
Om Sri Surabhyai Namah !
Laksmi Narayana das
Protect Mother Surabhi
About Author
Name in full : I Wayan Ngarayana, S.T, M.Si (Han) Age and Gender : 31 Years / Male Country/State/Province of Origin : Indonesia / Jakarta Highest Educational Degree : Master Science of Defense / 2015
(Major in Energy Security & Resilience) Educational Institution : Indonesia Defense University (IDU) under
Department of Defense of Indonesia Professional Work/Experience : Researcher of Nuclear Energy and also Head of Quality Engineering Division in Center for Nuclear Standardization and Quality, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia Affiliation with ISKCON since when: 2004, initiated in 2010 Present Service/Post with ISKCON: Servant of the servant in Sri Sri Radha
Govinda Mandir, Jakarta
“Om Surabhyai namah”
Thank you and
All the best
