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Normans
in
England
The Normans (in French: Normands)Descended from Norse Viking
conquerors of Frankish and
Gallo-Roman stock. Normans and the Anglo-Saxons
came from the same basic stock. They were each Scandinavian
immigrants English and Norman social
structures were very similar
Introduction
William of Normandy was crowned William I (William the Conqueror) in Westminster Abbey, the burial place of Edward the Confessor, the king from whom William derived his claim to the throne, on December 25th 1066.
Henry II, the first 'Plantagenet' king, accedes to the throne, on December 19th 1154
William the Conqueror led to the Norman Conquestof England In 1066
Normans largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign,French-speakingmonarchy, aristocracy and clerical hierarchy.
In turn, Normans brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.
Organization The Lord owned land, which
he parceled out amongst his followers in return for service.
The hearth
The value of a man was determined by his warlike ability:
1. The lord led warriors; the warrior fought for his lord.
2. They were both serviced by non-fighting tenant farmers who owed their incomes to the lord.3. And below them came the unfree slaves.
Norman Law
Ordeal
The Domesday Book - compiled in 1085-6 - the earliest public record of the national archives and a legal document that is still valid as evidence of title to land.
Drawn up on the orders of King William I
Religion
There was only one Christian church in Western Europe - the Roman Catholic Church with the Pope in Rome as Head of the Church.The Normans brought to Britain a more organized and sophisticated clergy with them.
They built solid stone churches and cathedrals, many of which can still be seen today.
Everyone was expected to attend on Sundays. The peasants had to stand and would not have understood a word of the Latin services read by the parish priest.
Baptisms and weddings were very brief. Babies were usually baptized on the day of birth in case they died, and weddings were quick affairs at the church door.
Funerals were far longer and more elaborate.
There was no village hall so meetings were held in the church nave, and farming matters discussed. Manorial courts and sometimes even fairs were held here.
Norwich Cathedral
ClothesFine wool or linen clothes were made from yarn which was spun, woven, dyed and sewn in the lord's castle. The rich lord wore a tunic, with asuper tunic worn over the top.His cloak (cape) was fastened with a Brooch (pin).The short hair and beard werevery Norman, and so too thepolite manner!The lady's Muslim style veil andwimple was a fashion brought backfrom the first of the Crusades.
HousingThey built themselves strong, stone keeps in which to live. Entrances were at first floor level and reached by means of wooden steps which could be taken away if an attack threatened.
Small peasants' cottages were usually of wood.The sides were made up of rows of sticks with long flexible twigs woven in and out of them and then covered with mud and dung mixed with straw - this was called wattle and daub.The roofs were thatched with straw or reeds.
There was very little furniture inside - perhaps a stool, a trestle table, a bench and a chest. In one corner may be a few cooking pots and dishes.
Industry
The blacksmith played a vital role in village life. He made metal parts for
plough, rims for wheels and hand tools for farming. He forged armor and weapons for war.
The iron he used came from furnace sites set in the depths of forests.
Industry was small scale and found in the heart of the country.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/aston/changingtimes/norman/htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_Englandhttp://www.britannia.com/history/narmedhist.html
ConclusionA huge body of French words were ultimately to become part of the English vocabulary, many of these continuing side by side with their English equivalent, such as "sacred" and "holy", "legal" and "lawful," "stench" and "aroma," etc. Many French words replaced English ones, so that before the end of the 14th century Chaucer was able to use a vast store of new words such as "courage" in place of "heartness," and so on. English became vastly enriched, more cosmopolitan, sharing its Teutonic and Romance traditions.
Sources: