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Final Exam Vocabulary Review
Agriculture
• the business of farming
alchemy
• A combination of science, magic, and philosophy that was practiced inmedieval times
Anti-Semitism
• prejudice toward Jews.
apprentice
• A person who works for an expert in a trade or craft in a return for trainingA person who works for an expert in a trade or craft in a return for training
aristocracy
• a ruling class of noble families
barter
• to buy and sell by trading goods and services rather than money.
Bubonic plague
• a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas
bureaucracy
• a highly organized body of workers with many levels of authority
caliph
• a title taken by Muslim rulers who claimed religious authority to rule.
charter
• A written grant of rights and privileges by a ruler or government to acommunity, class of people or organization
chivalry
• the medieval knight's code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, andrespect for women.
commerce
• the buying and selling of goods
commoner
• a person who is not of noble rank
crusades
• a series of religious wars launched against Muslims by European Christians.
cultural diffusion
• the spread of cultural elements from one society to another
currency
• the form of money used in a country
domain
• the land controlled by a ruler or lord
elements of culture
• objects, ideas, and customs of a particular culture
excommunicate
• To formally deprive a person membership in a church
feudalism
• the economic and political system that developed in Europe during theMiddle Ages
fief
• land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
genealogy
• an account of the line of ancestry within the family
griot
• A West African Story Teller
habeas corpus
• The principle that accused persons cannot be held in jail without the consentof a court.
heretic
• a person who holds beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of a church orother group
hierarchy
• a system of organizing people into ranks, with those of higher rank havingmore power and privileges
imperial
• China under the rule of emperors
inoculate
• to protect against disease by transmitting a disease-causing agent to aperson, stimulating the body's defensive reactions
inquisition
• a judicial body established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy andother forms of religious error.
Jerusalem
• a sacred city to Muslims, Jews & Christians.
Magna Carta
• A written agreement from 1215 that limited the English king's power andstrengthened the rights of nobles.
manor
• a large estate, including farmland and villages, held by a lord
mass-produce
• to make similar items in quantity using standardized designs and dividinglabor among workers
matrilineal
• based on a woman's family line
meritocracy
• rule by officials of proven merit
millets
• communities can rule themselves under their own system of government
monarch
• A ruler, such as a king or queen
monotheism
• belief in a single God.
noble
• a person of high rank by birth or title
nomad
• A person who moves from place to place often in search of water andvegetation.
patrilineal
• based on a man's family line
persecute
• To cause a person to suffer because of his or her beliefs
philosophy
• The study of wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality.
pilgrimage
• a journey to a holy site
polytheist
• A person who believes in more than one God.
proverb
• A popular saying that is meant to express something wise or true.
province
• a division of a country or an empire.
regent
• one who rules in the name of another
relic
• an object that is considered holy because it belonged to, or was touched by,a saint or holy person
rhetoric
• the study of persuasive writing and speaking
schism
• a formal division in a church or religious body
scribe
• A person trained to write or copy documents by hand.
sedentary
• Permanently settled in one place. The person DOES NOT move from place to place.
segregation
• the forced separation of one group from the rest of a community
siege
• an attempt to surround a place and cut off all access to it in order to force asurrender
Silk Road
• Camel caravan routes crossing the deserts of Central Asia to Europe. Silkwas not the only thing traded along this route.
succession
• inheritance of the right to rule
sultan
• the sovereign ruler of a Muslim state
tribute
• a payment made by one ruler or country to another for protection or as a signof submission
truce
• an agreed-upon halt (stop) in fighting
urbanization
• the growth of cities
Kowtow
• When ambassadors from tributaries come before an emperor, they kneel beforehim three times and each time touch their heads to the floor.