EWRT 2

*Class 12

This is Brandon Harp!

6lbs 4 oz.19 inches long

*AGENDA

*Vocabulary Exam #4: 15 minutes

*Discussion Lao Tzu/Machiavelli: Examples and preparation

*Group Preparation for discussion of Philosophy and A Game of Thrones.

*Class Discussion

*Essay #2 writing tips

*Group Preparation for Cicero

*Homework

*You win or you die

*Vocabulary Test

A strategy of using textual evidence

*Applying one text to another

*“He must, therefore, never raise his thought from this exercise of war, and in peacetime he must train himself more than in time of war; this can be done in two ways: one by action, the other by the mind,” says Machiavelli.

*“Do you recall your history Bran”

*“And that’s Torrhen Stark, the King Who Knelt. He was the last King in the North and the first Lord of Winterfell, after he yielded to Aegon the Conqueror. Oh, there, he’s Cregan Stark. He fought with Prince Aemon once, and the Dragonknight said he’d never faced a finer swordsman.

In teams, discuss your ideas about applying Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli to A Game of Thrones.

You have about 10 minutes!

Make sure you have textual support for your assertions!

Eddard StarkCatelyn StarkRobert BaratheonCersei LannisterJoffrey BaratheonTyrion LannisterThe Night’s WatchKhal DrogoDaenerys TargaryenViserys TargaryenPetyr BaelishLord StannisSyrio Forel

*The Starks

*“[Arya’s] father used to say that a lord needed to eat with his men, if he hoped to keep them. “Know the men who follow you,” she heard him tell Robb once, ” and let them know you. Don’t ask your men to die for a stranger.”

*“All streams flow to the sea because it is lower than they are. Humility gives it its power. If you want to govern the people, you must place yourself below them. If you want to lead the people, you must learn how to follow them” (Lao Tzu 30 v 66).

Eddard Stark

*“I have just three things to teach:simplicity, patience, compassion.These three are your greatest treasures.Simple in actions and in thoughts,you return to the source of being.Patient with both friends and enemies,you accord with the way things are.Compassionate toward yourself,you reconcile all beings in the world” (Lao Tzu)

*“I will not be part of murder, Robert. Do as you will, but do not ask me to fix my seal to it” (354; Eddard Stark to Robert Baratheon about the plot to kill Daenerys and her unborn child).

* But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause (Machiavelli).

“The man was an oathbreaker, a deserter from the Night’s Watch. No man is more dangerous. The deserter knows his life is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not flinch from any crime, no matter how vile. [. . .] If you would take a man’s life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the man does not deserve to die” (Eddard Stark to his son, Bran)

(Lao-Tzu 25)

*Eddard and Machiavelli

*Machiavelli says “that every prince must desire to be considered merciful and not cruel; nevertheless, he must take care not to misuse this mercy” (43).

*“Therefore, a prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal” (43).

*“His father took off the man’s head with a single sure stroke. Blood sprayed out across the snow, as red as summerwine” (15).

*“‘If you would take a man’s life, you owe it to him to look into his eyes and hear his final words. And if you cannot bear to do that, then perhaps the man does not deserve to die’” (16).

*“it would be good to be considered generous” (Machiavelli 43).

*“You are far too generous, Lady Stark. The honor of carrying a great lady like yourself is all the reward they need” (Captain of the ship Catelyn took south; Martin 165).

“He was Robb the Lord now, or trying to be. He wore a real sword and never smiled. His days were spent drilling the guard and practicing his swordplay, making the yard ring with the sound of steel as Bran watched forlornly from his window. At night he closeted himself with Maester Luwin, talking or going over account books. Sometimes he would ride out with Hallis Mollen and be gone for days at a time, visiting distant holdfasts. Whenever he was away more than a day, Rickon would cry and ask Bran if Robb was ever coming back.” (163)

According to Machiavelli, a prince “must, therefore, never raise his thought from this exercise of war; and in peacetime he must train himself more that in time of war; this can be done in two ways: one by action, the other by the mind. And as far as actions are concerned, besides keeping his soldiers well disciplined and trained, he must always be out hunting, and must accustom his body to hardships in this manner”

Robb Stark

*“‘My words lied. My eyes and my arm shouted out the truth, but you were not seeing [...] Watching is not seeing, dead girl. The water dancer sees” (Syrio Forel; Martin 363).

*“everyone sees what you seem to be, few perceive what you are, and those few do not dare to contradict the opinion of the many who have the majesty of the state to defend them [...] for ordinary people are always deceived by appearances and by the outcome of a thing; and in the world there is nothing but ordinary people; and there is no room for the few, while the many have a place to lean on” (Machiavelli 47).

Syrio Forel

*“[The Prince] should choose from among the beasts the fox and the lion; for the lion cannot defend itself from traps and the fox cannot protect itself from the wolves” (Machiavelli 46).

*“Varys the eunuch was the king’s master of whisperers” (Martin 78)

*“[Robert] became a veritable giant. He’d had a giant’s strength too” (28) *Robert

Baratheon

*“For governing a country well there is nothing better than moderation.” (Lao Tzu 28)

*“Ned was aghast. ‘Aerys Targaryen left a treasury flowing with gold. How could you let this happen?’”Littlefinger gave a shrug. ‘The master of coin finds the money. The king and the Hand spend it.’” (Martin 133-134)

“For a prince must have two fears: one, internal, concerning his subjects; the other, external, concerning foreign powers” (Machiavelli 50).

“This child will soon enough spread her legs and start breeding more dragonspawn to plague me” (Martin 112).

“They all want something, money or land or justice. The lies they tell…and my lords and ladies are no better. I am surrounded by flatterers and fools. It can drive a man to madness, Ned. Half of them don’t dare tell me the truth, and the other half can’t find it” (Martin 47).

*“[the prince] need not worry about incurring the bad reputation of those vices without which it would be difficult to hold his state; since, carefully taking everything into account, one will discover that something which appears to be virtue, if pursued, will end in his destruction; while some other thing which seems to be a vice, if pursued, will result in his safety and well-being” (Machiavelli 40).

*““The whore is pregnant!” The king’s fist slammed down on the council table loud as a thunderclap. “I warned you this would happen, Ned. Back in the barrowlands, I warned you, but you did not care to hear it. Well, you’ll hear it now. I want them dead, mother and child both, and that fool Viserys as well. Is that plain enough for you? I want them dead” (Martin 240).

Lord Stannis Baratheon

In conversation with Ned, Varys says “Lord Stannis in particular [strikes fear in Cersei Lannister]. His claim is the true one, he is known for his prowess as a battle commander, and he is utterly without mercy. There is no creature on earth half so terrifying as a truly just man.” ( Martin 433)

Machiavelli says “when the prince is with his armies and has under his command a multitude of troops, then it is absolutely necessary that he not worry about being considered cruel; for without that reputation he will never keep an army united or prepared for any combat’” (Machiavelli 46)

*He is the “the fox [that] cannot protect itself from wolves […] Those who play only the part of the lion do not understand matters. A wise ruler, therefore, cannot and should not keep his word when such an observance of faith would be to his disadvantage and when the reasons which made him promise are removed. And if men were all good, this rule would not be good; but since men are a sorry lot and will not keep their promises to you, you likewise need not keep yours to them.” (Machiavelli 46)

*“’Is there a man in your service that you trust utterly and completely?’ […] ‘Distrusting me was the wisest thing you’ve done since you climbed down off your horse’” (Petyr to Ned; Martin 258).

Petyr Baelish

*“A wise ruler, therefore, cannot and should not keep his word when such observance of faith would be to his disadvantage and when the reasons which made him promise are removed” (Machiavelli 46).

*“I did warn you not to trust me, you know” (Petyr Baelish: Martin 442).

“Everyone sees what you seem to be, few perceive what you are” (Machiavelli 47).

“I am desperately sentimental, sweet lady. Best not tell anyone. I have spent years convincing the court that I am wicked and cruel” (Baelish: Martin 169).

*44 (79)“Therefore,The sage holds the debtor’s side of a contractAnd does not make claims upon others.“Therefore,The man of integrity attends to his debts;The man without integrity attends to his extractions.”

*“’The lady did not ask your views, dwarf,’ snapped Kurleket, a great fat oaf with short-cropped hair and a pig’s face. He was one of the Brackens, a man-at-arms in the service of Lord Jonos. Tyrion had made a special effort to learn all their names, so he might thank them later for their tender treatment of him. A Lannister always paid his debts. Kurleket would learn that someday, as would his friends Lharys and Mohor, and the good Ser Willis, and the sellswords Bronn and Chiggen. He planned an especially sharp lesson for Marillion, him of the woodharp and the sweet tenor voice, who was struggling so manfully to rhyme imp with gimp and limp so he could make a song of this outrage.” (224)

The Lannister family is more Taoist than any other in A Game of Thrones.

*80 (36)“When you wish to contract something,You must momentarily expand it;When you wish to weaken something,You must momentarily strengthen it;When you wish to reject something,You must momentarily join with it;When you wish to seize something,You must momentarily give it up.This is called “subtle insight.”

*“The queen stood. ‘And what of my wrath, Lord Stark?’ she asked softly. Her eyes searched his face. “You should have taken the realm for yourself. It was there for the taking. Jaime told me how you found him on the Iron Throne the day King’s Landing fell, and made him yield it up. That was your moment. All you needed to do was climb those steps, and sit. Such a sad mistake.’ […] ‘Oh, but it was, my lord,’ Cersei insisted. ‘When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die. There is no middle ground.’” (334)

Cersei Lannister

*Machiavelli says to be, “careful never to let anything slip from his lips which is not full of the five qualities mentioned above: he should appear, upon seeing and hearing him, to be all mercy, all faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion”(49).

Cersei [lays] a soft hand on her wrist “Such a beautiful child. I do hope you know how much Joffrey and I love you”(457; Cersei to Sansa).

*“The hunt left at dawn. The king wanted wild boar at the feast tonight. Prince Joffrey rode with his father, so Robb had been allowed to join the hunters as well” (Martin 76)

*“A prince, therefore, must not have any other object, nor any other thought, nor must he take anything as his profession but war” (Machiavelli 39).

*In Machiavelli’s, The Prince, he writes, “I reply that one should like to be both one and the other, but since it is difficult to join them together, it is much safer to be feared than to be loved when one of the two must be lacking” (Machiavelli 46).

*“But they have the soft hearts of women. So long as I am your king, treason shall never go unpunished. Ser Ilyn, bring me his head!” (Joffrey; Martin 498).

A prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty when it is a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal; for with a very few examples of cruelty he will be more compassionate than those who, out of excessive mercy, permit disorders to continue, from which arise murders and plundering; for these usually harm the community at large, while the executions that come from the prince harm one individual in particular. And the new prince, above all other princes, cannot escape the reputation of being called cruel since new states are full of dangers. (Machiavelli 43)

*“it is essential to understand this: that a prince , and especially a new prince, cannot observe all those things by which men are considered good, for in order to maintain the state he is often obliged to act against his promises, against charity, against humanity, and against religion.[…] He should know how to enter into evil when necessity commands” (Machiavelli 23)

*“Let a prince therefore act to seize and to maintain the state” (Machiavelli 24)

*“He was a traitor. I never promised to spare him, only that I’d be merciful, and I was. If he hadn’t been your father, I would have had him torn or flayed, but I gave him a clean death. (Joffrey; Martin 743)”

*Tyrion Lannist

er

Lao-Tzu and Tyrion Lannister

The Night’s Watch

“the Night’s Watch would take no part in the battles of the realms it guarded” (Maester Aemon; 553).

meddle in the affairs of others, it will be a light to all nations of the world” (Lao-Tzu 29).

If a nation is centered in the Tao, and it nourishes its own people and doesn’t

*Khal Drogo Machiavelli writes that “a prince,

therefore, must not have any other object nor any other thought, nor must he take anything as his profession but war, its institutions, and its discipline; . . . A prince who does not understand military matters . . . cannot be esteemed by his own soldiers, nor can he trust them” (38).

The Dothraki agree in that they “follow only the strong” (Martin 519). [. . .] “Khal Drogo was a head taller than the tallest man in the room, yet somehow light on his feet, as graceful as the panther in Illyrio’s menagerie.” [. . .] “Drogo had never lost a fight” (Martin 27).

“A prince either spends his own money and that of his subjects or that of others; in the first case he must be economical; in the second he must not restrain any part of his generosity. And for that prince who goes out with his soldiers and lives by looting, sacking, and ransoms, who controls the property of others, such generosity is necessary; otherwise he would not be followed by his troops” (Machiavelli 44).

*“The Master doesn’t try to be powerful; thus he is truly powerful. The ordinary man keeps reaching for power; thus he never has enough.”

*“I’d let his whole khalasar fuck you if need be, sweet sister, all forty thousand men, and their horses too if that was what it took to get my army” (Viserys; Martin 38).

*“Among the Dothraki, the man who does not ride was no man at all, the lowest of the low, without honor or pride. Let everyone see him as he is” (Martin; Daenerys; 231).

*“I’d let his whole khalasar fuck you if need be, sweet sister, all forty thousand men, and their horses too if that was what it took to get my army. (Viserys to Daenerys about wedding Khal Drogo)

*“a prince, therefore, must not have any other object nor any other thought, nor must he take anything as his profession but war, its institutions, and its discipline [. . .] not only does it maintain those who were born to that position, but many times it enables men of private station to rise to that position” (Machiavelli 40).

Viserys Targaryen

*Machiavelli argues that “a prince who does not understand military matters… cannot be esteemed by his own soldiers, nor can he trust them”(Machiavelli 40).

*“My brother will never take back the Seven Kingdoms… He could not lead an army even if my lord husband gave him one” (Daenerys; Martin 233).

*For Thought

*Do you agree with Machiavelli’s thesis that stability and power are the only qualities that matter in the evaluation of governments? If not, what else matters?

*Can we have Lao-Tzu’s peace, even though there is ambition, materialism, war, and famine on earth? How is it possible?

*Tips for Writing Essay #2

So ends the unit on Government with Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli.

*Write about literature in the present tense.

*Write in third person (avoid “I” and “you”)

*Be specific: Avoid “thing” and words with “thing” in them: something, anything, everything.

ForAndNor

Remember, you need a comma and a coordinating conjunction to connect two complete sentences:

Machiavelli holds that the skill of war making is what a prince must *necessarily* make his career on, for war making is the primary means by which he can advance his state.

Use a comma after an introductory clause:

As the Lord of Winterfell, he carries out the execution of the deserter himself rather than assigning the dreadful task to one of his subordinates.

ButOrYetSo

Coordinating Conjunctions

So Begins the Unit on Justice

with Cicero and Thoreau

Form new teams for this unit. Remember, 50% of your team must be new to you!

THEN, DISCUSS THE DIVISION OF LABOR FOR CICERO

Questions for Critical Reading (page 129)

We will come back together to go over the homework before we leave!

*HOMEWORK

Read A World of Ideas: Marcus Tullius Cicero "The Defense of Injustice" (119-129)

Post #23 Questions for Critical Reading: (page 129)

Post #24 QHQ Cicero Essay #2 is due by noon on Friday:

palmorekim@fhda.edu