Apwh Unit 1 part 2 - River Valley Civilizations

Tigris and EuphratesTigris and EuphratesNileNile

Huang HeHuang He&&

Indus River Valley Indus River Valley CivilizationsCivilizations

AP WorldAP World

Mrs. HalsMrs. Hals

Unit 1 Part 2Unit 1 Part 2

Tigris-EuphratesTigris-Euphrates

Mesopotamia – meaning “land between rivers” Mesopotamia – meaning “land between rivers” (between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) (between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) – fertile crescentfertile crescent– Modern day IraqModern day Iraq

Succession of many civilizations in this areaSuccession of many civilizations in this areaSumerians are first – emerge ~3500 BCESumerians are first – emerge ~3500 BCE– People arrive ~4000 BCEPeople arrive ~4000 BCE– Civilization from 3200 - 2000Civilization from 3200 - 2000

City of UrCity of Ur

Fertile soil, flat, swampy landFertile soil, flat, swampy land

Winter flooding, summer droughtsWinter flooding, summer droughts

No defense, few resources (soil and No defense, few resources (soil and reeds, no stone, wood or metal)reeds, no stone, wood or metal)

Adapt: irrigation, mud bricks for city walls, Adapt: irrigation, mud bricks for city walls, trade through a broad networktrade through a broad network

GovernmentGovernmentRuled by priests from ZigguratsRuled by priests from Ziggurats

Collect taxes (in goods, not money)Collect taxes (in goods, not money)

Became absolute monarchiesBecame absolute monarchies

ReligionReligion

Polytheistic and superstitiousPolytheistic and superstitiousAnu Anu – God of HeavenGod of Heaven

EnlilEnlil– God of CloudsGod of Clouds

EaEa– God of Water and FloodsGod of Water and Floods

Top 3 followed in importance by Sun, Moon, and StarsTop 3 followed in importance by Sun, Moon, and Stars– Individual gods of cities, temples, and the home were next in lineIndividual gods of cities, temples, and the home were next in line

Bottom – “Wicked Udugs”Bottom – “Wicked Udugs”– Spirits of disease, misfortune, and troubleSpirits of disease, misfortune, and trouble

Life, Death, and ChangeLife, Death, and Change

Sumerians Believe:Sumerians Believe:– Man was nothingMan was nothing– Gods and demons should be fearedGods and demons should be feared– People need to earn gods’ protection and People need to earn gods’ protection and

favorfavor– Souls of the dead went to the “land of no Souls of the dead went to the “land of no

return” – gloomy afterlifereturn” – gloomy afterlife

Cultural AccomplishmentsCultural Accomplishments

Trade/barter network with Trade/barter network with nearby groupsnearby groupsIrrigation to control the Irrigation to control the T&E RiversT&E RiversCuneiform – formed with Cuneiform – formed with a stylus and claya stylus and clay– Cuneiform – pictogramsCuneiform – pictograms– Pictograms – ideogramsPictograms – ideograms– Ideograms – syllablesIdeograms – syllables– Reduces the number of Reduces the number of

characters from 2000-600characters from 2000-600

Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

Have rights in most occupations (but not Have rights in most occupations (but not education)education)

Men still have ability to sell wives and Men still have ability to sell wives and children into slaverychildren into slavery

Men can divorce woman for any reason, Men can divorce woman for any reason, women don’t have this rightwomen don’t have this right

Accomplishments cont. (cool Accomplishments cont. (cool inventions)inventions)

Copper + Tin = BronzeCopper + Tin = BronzeWheelWheelSailboatSailboatPlowPlowArtisans and specialzationArtisans and specialzationNippur calendar (b/ms standard for most of Nippur calendar (b/ms standard for most of ancient world)ancient world)First complex institutions (government and First complex institutions (government and religiousreligious– Gvt ideas diffuse to SW AsiaGvt ideas diffuse to SW Asia

Success and DeclineSuccess and Decline

Sumerians were best at:Sumerians were best at:– Adapting to the environmentAdapting to the environment– Effective government and social organization to deal Effective government and social organization to deal

with problemswith problems

Decline:Decline:– Constant warfare for 1000+ years, weakens Constant warfare for 1000+ years, weakens

cooperation and the Sumerian civilizationcooperation and the Sumerian civilization– Eventually allow nomads to scale city walls, loot the Eventually allow nomads to scale city walls, loot the

streets, and conquer the citiesstreets, and conquer the cities

BabyloniansBabylonians

Major City – BabylonMajor City – Babylon

Mesopotamian Mesopotamian Civilization too!Civilization too!

Conquer Mesopotamian Conquer Mesopotamian region and spread region and spread Sumerian culture all overSumerian culture all over– Ziggarats, Cuneiform, Ziggarats, Cuneiform,

irrigation, etc. irrigation, etc.

– Geographic Situation? - Geographic Situation? - same as Sumerianssame as Sumerians

– 2000 BCE to 1550 BCE2000 BCE to 1550 BCE

Absolute monarchy ruled Absolute monarchy ruled empireempire

Polytheistic religion (like Polytheistic religion (like Sumer)Sumer)– Marduk – supreme god Marduk – supreme god

who won a pwr strugglewho won a pwr struggle– View of life, death, etc. – View of life, death, etc. –

same as Sumerianssame as Sumerians


““Enuma Elish” – world’s Enuma Elish” – world’s first epic poem, first epic poem, explanation of creationexplanation of creationHammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code– King Hammurabi ~ 1750 BCEKing Hammurabi ~ 1750 BCE– First unified code of laws, list of First unified code of laws, list of

282 laws282 laws– 8 ft black stone 8 ft black stone – Justice and balanceJustice and balance– Stern punishmentsStern punishments– Death penalties Death penalties for murder, theft, for murder, theft,

fraud, false accusations, fraud, false accusations, sheltering runaway slaves, failure sheltering runaway slaves, failure to obey royal orders, adultery, to obey royal orders, adultery, incestincest

– Civil laws Civil laws regulated prices, regulated prices, wages, commercial dealings, wages, commercial dealings, marital relationships, conditions of marital relationships, conditions of slavery, etcslavery, etc


SuccessSuccess– Adopted Sumerians patterns for civilizationAdopted Sumerians patterns for civilization– Unified diverse peoples through consistent Unified diverse peoples through consistent

laws and a uniform culturelaws and a uniform culture

DeclineDecline– But, increasingly powerful neighborsBut, increasingly powerful neighbors– Weaker kings and internal problemsWeaker kings and internal problems– Babylon collapsed into many smaller empires Babylon collapsed into many smaller empires

and civilizations for the next 700 yearsand civilizations for the next 700 years

HittitesHittites

Old city gates of the Old city gates of the Hittite capitalHittite capital

1400 BCE – 1200 BCE ish. 1400 BCE – 1200 BCE ish. Learned to extract iron from oreLearned to extract iron from oreIron weapons are harder and sharper than Iron weapons are harder and sharper than bronze or copperbronze or copperIron is plentiful and cheaperIron is plentiful and cheaperSo, the Hittites are armed and known as So, the Hittites are armed and known as conquerorsconquerorsEventually their iron info spreads across Eventually their iron info spreads across Asia, Africa, and EuropeAsia, Africa, and Europe– Cue the Iron AgeCue the Iron Age

PhoeniciansPhoeniciansWestern end of Fertile Crescent, on Mediterranean SeaWestern end of Fertile Crescent, on Mediterranean SeaNatural resources?Natural resources?– Cedar treesCedar trees– snailssnails

1200 BCE to 700 BCE 1200 BCE to 700 BCE Religion? Polytheistic and similar to Sumer and BabylonReligion? Polytheistic and similar to Sumer and BabylonLots of city-states with absolute monarchiesLots of city-states with absolute monarchies– Tyre is biggest, but each city-state competed for tradeTyre is biggest, but each city-state competed for trade

Cultural Cultural AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Extensive trade networksExtensive trade networks– Snails with purple dye (60,000 Snails with purple dye (60,000

snails = 1 lb)snails = 1 lb)– Cedar woodCedar wood– Imported wine, weapons, Imported wine, weapons,

slaves, cloth, glass, ivory, and slaves, cloth, glass, ivory, and precious metalsprecious metals

Sophisticated shipsSophisticated ships– Sails and oarsSails and oars– Probably circled Africa around Probably circled Africa around

600 BCE600 BCE

Est. trading coloniesEst. trading colonies– Carthage (Tunisia) and othersCarthage (Tunisia) and others

Developed the first alphabet Developed the first alphabet – Based on sounds, 22 shapesBased on sounds, 22 shapes– Greeks, Romans, literacy Greeks, Romans, literacy

ratesrates


SuccessSuccess– Adapted well and applied technology (like Adapted well and applied technology (like

ships) to meet their needsships) to meet their needs

DeclineDecline– Overwhelmed by growing empires with more Overwhelmed by growing empires with more

people and resourcespeople and resources– Absorbed by bigger empiresAbsorbed by bigger empires

AssyriansAssyrians

Northern Mesopotamia – capital at NinevahNorthern Mesopotamia – capital at NinevahUsed iron weapons, fierce warriorsUsed iron weapons, fierce warriors– Merciless, lots of captivesMerciless, lots of captives

Resources?Resources?– Like SumerLike Sumer

1200 BCE to 612 BCE (best? ~850 BCE)1200 BCE to 612 BCE (best? ~850 BCE)Ruled by “King of Kings” Ruled by “King of Kings” – City-states had rulers, but the King of Kings was above them allCity-states had rulers, but the King of Kings was above them all

Religion – polytheistic, like SumerReligion – polytheistic, like Sumer

Cultural AccomplishmentsCultural AccomplishmentsWorld’s strongest and best military to that point in historyWorld’s strongest and best military to that point in historyNinevah – one of the grandest and largest cities in the Ninevah – one of the grandest and largest cities in the world world – ““evil and wicked” – Jonah and the whaleevil and wicked” – Jonah and the whale– World’s greatest libraryWorld’s greatest library– Trade center for gold, ivory, and silverTrade center for gold, ivory, and silver

AssurbanipalAssurbanipal

Last King of Kings – Last King of Kings –

~650 BCE~650 BCE

Created library of Created library of 25,000 tablets (even 25,000 tablets (even foreign language foreign language dictionariesdictionaries


SuccessSuccess– Expansive empireExpansive empire

Great weapons, rule by terror, superior militaryGreat weapons, rule by terror, superior military

– Israel and Judah paid tribute to prevent attackIsrael and Judah paid tribute to prevent attackAssyrians attacked anyway, capture N. Israel and Judah Assyrians attacked anyway, capture N. Israel and Judah (including Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple) 586 BCE(including Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple) 586 BCE

DeclineDecline– Hebrews view their decline as God’s judgment on the Hebrews view their decline as God’s judgment on the

cruel Assyrianscruel Assyrians– Empire collapsed as it grew too big and stretched too Empire collapsed as it grew too big and stretched too

thin to governthin to govern

ChaldeanChaldean

Babylon II – 1,000 yrs after HammurabiBabylon II – 1,000 yrs after Hammurabi

Conquer Assyrians and move capital from Conquer Assyrians and move capital from Ninevah to BabylonNinevah to Babylon

600 BCE – 550 BCE 600 BCE – 550 BCE

Government? – absolute monarchyGovernment? – absolute monarchy

Religion – polytheistic, like SumeriansReligion – polytheistic, like Sumerians

Cultural AccomplishmentsCultural AccomplishmentsMagnificent city of BabylonMagnificent city of Babylon– Bricks inscribed “I am Bricks inscribed “I am

Nebuchadnezzar, King of Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon”Babylon”

– Hanging Gardens of Babylon – Hanging Gardens of Babylon – built for his Queenbuilt for his Queen

– 7 story ziggurat7 story ziggurat– Walls wide enough to drive Walls wide enough to drive

chariot on topchariot on top

Astrology and AstronomyAstrology and Astronomy– Improved calendarImproved calendar– Developed Zodiac (stars Developed Zodiac (stars

determine human destiny)determine human destiny)

NebuchadnezzarNebuchadnezzar

605 BCE – 562 BCE605 BCE – 562 BCE

Babylonian Captivity – Babylonian Captivity – – Believed that moving conquered people Believed that moving conquered people

lessened chance of rebellionlessened chance of rebellion– When armies captured Jerusalem in 586, they When armies captured Jerusalem in 586, they

pillaged the Temple, destroyed the city, and pillaged the Temple, destroyed the city, and brought the 15,000 captured Jews to Babylonbrought the 15,000 captured Jews to Babylon

– Big milestone in Jewish history (Daniel), Big milestone in Jewish history (Daniel), strengthens monotheismstrengthens monotheism

SuccessSuccess– Strong charismatic ruler consolidated power Strong charismatic ruler consolidated power

with the militarywith the military

DeclineDecline– Collapsed upon Nebuchadnezzar’s death Collapsed upon Nebuchadnezzar’s death

because of incompetent accessorsbecause of incompetent accessors– Rising Persian empireRising Persian empire

HebrewsHebrews

Settle in Palestine “Land of the Philistines”Settle in Palestine “Land of the Philistines”

Surrounded by desert, but a green area Surrounded by desert, but a green area with olive trees and palms near the Jordan with olive trees and palms near the Jordan River & the Sea of Galilee (in the north)River & the Sea of Galilee (in the north)

Few natural resourcesFew natural resources

Roots traced back to Roots traced back to 2000 BCE when 2000 BCE when Abraham left UrAbraham left Ur

Hebrew civilization Hebrew civilization arose ~ 1650 BCEarose ~ 1650 BCE

Most of our historical Most of our historical knowledge comes knowledge comes from the Torahfrom the Torah– (first 5 books of the (first 5 books of the

Jewish scripture)Jewish scripture)

GovernmentGovernment

Jews were often ruled by other invading Jews were often ruled by other invading empires empires – They were even taken away from Palestine They were even taken away from Palestine

into “captivity” into “captivity” – They always maintained a desire and They always maintained a desire and

determination to return to their homelanddetermination to return to their homeland

Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs

First religion to base itself on First religion to base itself on morality/ethics & internal standards (not morality/ethics & internal standards (not nature).nature).

World’s first monotheistic religionWorld’s first monotheistic religion

Believed God of Abraham (called Yahweh) Believed God of Abraham (called Yahweh) was not confined to one placewas not confined to one place– God everywhere and in all situations.God everywhere and in all situations.

Finally different beliefs than the Sumerians!Finally different beliefs than the Sumerians!Serving God was of greatest importance.Serving God was of greatest importance.God had made a covenant with the Jews (his chosen God had made a covenant with the Jews (his chosen people).people).Strongly in “social justice”; people have a duty to fight Strongly in “social justice”; people have a duty to fight evil, injustice, & ignorance.evil, injustice, & ignorance.Change was positive as they sought to create a better Change was positive as they sought to create a better world with their emphasis on education, justice, and world with their emphasis on education, justice, and progress.progress.Believe in “Heaven,” but their primary focus was on the Believe in “Heaven,” but their primary focus was on the “here & now” (not the afterlife).“here & now” (not the afterlife).The importance of following Gods commandments/laws. The importance of following Gods commandments/laws. God gave Moses the “Ten Commandments,” but they God gave Moses the “Ten Commandments,” but they also followed many other holy laws and rituals.also followed many other holy laws and rituals.Mankind has an inherently sinful nature (the Genesis Mankind has an inherently sinful nature (the Genesis story of temptation & sin).story of temptation & sin).


Ten CommandmentsTen CommandmentsMonotheism – the Hebrew scriptures laid a Monotheism – the Hebrew scriptures laid a foundation for Christianity and even Islam foundation for Christianity and even Islam Concept of social justiceConcept of social justiceThe “Hebrew” languageThe “Hebrew” languageThe concept of a God of justice The concept of a God of justice Emphasis on education and a belief that Emphasis on education and a belief that civilization & progress can be positive civilization & progress can be positive forces for changeforces for change

Important PeopleImportant People

Abraham – the “Father of Nations” - from Ur - Abraham – the “Father of Nations” - from Ur - with whom God made the basic “covenant”with whom God made the basic “covenant”

Jacob (“Israel”) – Abraham’s grandson; his 12 Jacob (“Israel”) – Abraham’s grandson; his 12 sons would become the leaders of the “12 sons would become the leaders of the “12 tribes” tribes”

Noah – the dude with ark during the floodNoah – the dude with ark during the flood

Moses – Jewish orphan, led the Hebrew Moses – Jewish orphan, led the Hebrew “Exodus”, received the Ten Commandments “Exodus”, received the Ten Commandments atop Mount Sinaiatop Mount Sinai

The “Golden Age” of Israel (1020 – 922 The “Golden Age” of Israel (1020 – 922 BCE) which united most of the 12 tribes BCE) which united most of the 12 tribes lasted less than 100 years under 3 major lasted less than 100 years under 3 major KingsKings– (Saul, David, and Solomon) – capital at (Saul, David, and Solomon) – capital at

JerusalemJerusalem– Solomon built the great Jewish temple Solomon built the great Jewish temple

from cedar wood trimmed with brass and from cedar wood trimmed with brass and gold (it was designed to house the Ark of gold (it was designed to house the Ark of the Covenant) the Covenant)

Hebrews were later conquered by the Hebrews were later conquered by the Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks, and Romans (the time of Jesus)and Romans (the time of Jesus)– held to their belief in God and continued held to their belief in God and continued

to hope for the Messiah.to hope for the Messiah.The Jewish people were eventually The Jewish people were eventually scattered all over the world (an event scattered all over the world (an event called the Diaspora) with the harsh rule of called the Diaspora) with the harsh rule of the Roman Empire and the expansion of the Roman Empire and the expansion of IslamIslam

PersiansPersians

East Mesopotamia, modern-day IranEast Mesopotamia, modern-day Iran

Height – all of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Asia Height – all of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Asia Minor, part of Greece and IndiaMinor, part of Greece and India

550 BCE – 350 BCE550 BCE – 350 BCE

Monarchy divided into 20 provincesMonarchy divided into 20 provinces– Provinces by ethnicities and cultureProvinces by ethnicities and culture

Own language, religion, most of their lawsOwn language, religion, most of their laws

– Satrap, Tax Collector and Army Leader for each ProvinceSatrap, Tax Collector and Army Leader for each ProvinceWise, tolerant, and fairWise, tolerant, and fair

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism

Ahura Mazda v. ArimanAhura Mazda v. Ariman– Good v. evilGood v. evil

Each deity led vast spiritual armies constantly battling Each deity led vast spiritual armies constantly battling each othereach other Essentially monotheistic – believed and worshipped one Essentially monotheistic – believed and worshipped one true and good Godtrue and good GodAvestaAvesta – collection of writings – collection of writingsBeliefs preached by prophet Zoroaster ~600 BCEBeliefs preached by prophet Zoroaster ~600 BCE– Explained war, conquest, flooding, famine, and other evils, etc.Explained war, conquest, flooding, famine, and other evils, etc.

Modern Day?Modern Day?– Some practicing Zoroastrians in Iran and India “Parsis”Some practicing Zoroastrians in Iran and India “Parsis”

Man is importantMan is important

Choice of good/evil in life determines life Choice of good/evil in life determines life after death (heaven/hell)after death (heaven/hell)

Emphasis on moral conductEmphasis on moral conduct

Education and progress can be positive Education and progress can be positive forces of changeforces of change


Dealt wisely with diverse nationalitiesDealt wisely with diverse nationalities

Royal Road – 1,677 miles with 111 postsRoyal Road – 1,677 miles with 111 posts– 1 week v. 3 mos1 week v. 3 mos– Political stability = tremendous increase in Political stability = tremendous increase in

trade and cultural diffusiontrade and cultural diffusion

First to issue coinsFirst to issue coins– Unified culturesUnified cultures– Improved tradeImproved trade

RulersRulers

Cyrus –Cyrus –– The Jews called him “the

anointed of the Lord.” (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).

Darius – extended empire to Darius – extended empire to India with the 10,000 India with the 10,000 ImmortalsImmortals– Created the Province System, Created the Province System,

Royal Road, and coined Royal Road, and coined moneymoney

– Only failure was inability to Only failure was inability to conquer Greececonquer Greece

Xerxes – Persian Wars and Xerxes – Persian Wars and 300 300


Eventually became too big and diverse to Eventually became too big and diverse to keep togetherkeep together

Defeated by Greeks and RomansDefeated by Greeks and Romans

Indus River ValleyIndus River ValleyHarappan SocietyHarappan Society– Emerges 2500 BCEEmerges 2500 BCE– Frustratingly little evidenceFrustratingly little evidence– Indus and Saraswati Rivers – very Indus and Saraswati Rivers – very

powerful and unpredictablepowerful and unpredictable– ~2,000 BCE it was the biggest culture ~2,000 BCE it was the biggest culture

area in the world, stretching 500,000 area in the world, stretching 500,000 sq milessq miles

– Running water, alphabet, artistic seals, Running water, alphabet, artistic seals, urban planning, uniform bricks, urban planning, uniform bricks,

– Two famous citiesTwo famous cities

Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-Daro

HarappaHarappa

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Civilt%C3%A0ValleIndoMappa.png

HuangheHuanghe

China’s Yellow RiverChina’s Yellow River

Fairly isolatedFairly isolated

Politically well organizedPolitically well organized

carefully-regulated irrigation, floods a continual concerncarefully-regulated irrigation, floods a continual concern

Construct palaces and tombsConstruct palaces and tombs

By 2000 BCE, advanced technology and intellectual life included:By 2000 BCE, advanced technology and intellectual life included:– Riding horsesRiding horses– potterypottery– Skillful use of bronzeSkillful use of bronze– Iron introduced 1000 CEIron introduced 1000 CE– Worked with coalWorked with coal– Ideographic symbols etched on boneIdeographic symbols etched on bone– AstronomyAstronomy

Shang Shang

~1650 BCE – group called the Shang gain control of N. ~1650 BCE – group called the Shang gain control of N. ChinaChinaDominate until 1027 BCEDominate until 1027 BCECapital city at Anyang, (walled)Capital city at Anyang, (walled)Shang kings – controlled only a small areaShang kings – controlled only a small area– Led noble warriors into battle (warrior kings)Led noble warriors into battle (warrior kings)

Loyal princes and nobles governed most of the landLoyal princes and nobles governed most of the land– Probably head of “clans” – the groups of families who claim a Probably head of “clans” – the groups of families who claim a

common ancestorcommon ancestor

Probably similar to the city-states of Sumer instead of Probably similar to the city-states of Sumer instead of the centralized gvt of the Egyptian pharaohsthe centralized gvt of the Egyptian pharaohs

Social ClassesSocial Classes

Royal family and class of noble warriorsRoyal family and class of noble warriors– Leather armor, bronze weapons, horse-drawn chariotsLeather armor, bronze weapons, horse-drawn chariots

Early Chinese cities support a class of artisans and Early Chinese cities support a class of artisans and merchantsmerchants– Artisans – produced goods for noblesArtisans – produced goods for nobles

(bronze weapons, silk robes, jade jewelry)(bronze weapons, silk robes, jade jewelry)

– Merchants – exchanged food and crafts made by local artisansMerchants – exchanged food and crafts made by local artisansSalt, cowrie shells, and other goods not in NE ChinaSalt, cowrie shells, and other goods not in NE China

Peasants – majority of Shang ChinaPeasants – majority of Shang China– Farming villages, grueling lives, stone tools, maintaining dikesFarming villages, grueling lives, stone tools, maintaining dikes– Men pledged allegiance to their noble lordsMen pledged allegiance to their noble lords

Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs

Complex religious beiefsComplex religious beiefsMany gods and spirits of natureMany gods and spirits of natureShang Di (top god) + mother goddess who brought Shang Di (top god) + mother goddess who brought plants and animals to Earth plants and animals to Earth – King is link between people and Shang DiKing is link between people and Shang Di– Shang Di wouldn’t respond to mortal pleas, only spirits of the Shang Di wouldn’t respond to mortal pleas, only spirits of the

greatest mortals would relay pleas to Shang Di (like ancestors’ greatest mortals would relay pleas to Shang Di (like ancestors’ spirits)spirits)

Prayers for victory in war, good harvests, etc.Prayers for victory in war, good harvests, etc.Offer sacrifices of food to the ancestorsOffer sacrifices of food to the ancestors

Yin and Yang – Yin and Yang – – Yin = Earth, darkness, and female forcesYin = Earth, darkness, and female forces– Yang = Heaven, light, and male forcesYang = Heaven, light, and male forces– Delicate balance must be maintainedDelicate balance must be maintained

Interaction BeginsInteraction Begins

By 1000 BCE…By 1000 BCE…– Phoenicians were trading with Britain for Phoenicians were trading with Britain for

metalsmetals– Chinese silk is reaching EgyptChinese silk is reaching Egypt– Egypt fairly self-contained comparativelyEgypt fairly self-contained comparatively– Harappa and Mesopotamia tradeHarappa and Mesopotamia trade– China didn’t influence these early river valley China didn’t influence these early river valley

civilizations as much as they will later civilizations as much as they will later influence Korea, Japan, and Vietnaminfluence Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

Commonalities?Commonalities?

Think…Think…

Which features of civilization did all four Which features of civilization did all four river valley civilizations develop on their river valley civilizations develop on their own? own?

SPRITE!SPRITE!

S – social structureS – social structure

P – political P – political

R - religionR - religion

I – intellectual accomplishmentsI – intellectual accomplishments

T – technological advancementsT – technological advancements

E - economicE - economic

Spiritual

Apwh Unit 1 part 2 - River Valley Civilizations