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ORIGINS AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHURCH
Michael A. Fahey, “Church”, in Systematic Theology,
eds. Francis Schussler Fiorenza and John F. Galvin, Ireland: Gill and Mcmillan, 1992, pp. 328-398.
JESUS CHRIST
FOUNDER OF THE CHURCH
NEW TESTAMENT PROOFS: JESUS’ DIRECT INTENTION TO FOUND THE
CHURCH
YOU ARE PETER…(MT. 16:18)
POST-RESURRECTION ACCOUNT:
PETER, DO YOU LOVE ME…TEND MY SHEEP…FEED MY FLOCK…
DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH
JESUS’ OWN SENSE OF HIS MISSION
PERIOD AFTER THE RESURRECTION
PENTECOST EXPERIENCE
JESUS TRAINED WITH UTMOST CARE HIS DISCIPLES
PROOFS THAT JESUS INTENDED HIS MESSAGE TO HAVE ENDURING VALUE
IN THE LAST SUPPER, HE INSTRUCTED HIS DISCIPLES…
DO THIS IN MEMORY OF ME…
PRE-NICENE CHRISTIANITY
DURING THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES, CHRISTIANITY UNDERWENT A PERIOD OF VIOLENT
PERSECUTIONS RESULTING IN THE DEATH OF MANY CHRISTIANS
CONSTANTINIAN TURNING POINT
CHRISTIANITY WAS RECOGNIZED IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
EDICT OF TOLERATION
IN 311, AN EDICT OF TOLERATION HAD BEEN ISSUED BY EMPEROR GALERIUS
A DECLARATION MADE BY A GOVERNMENT OR RULER
•STATES THAT MEMBERS OF A GIVEN RELIGION WILL NOT BE PERSECUTED FOR ENGAGING IN THEIR RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND TRADITIONS
•IMPLIES TACIT ACCEPTANCE OF THE RELIGION RATHER THAN ITS ENDORSEMENT BY THE RULING POWER.
THE EDICT OF MILAN (313 AD)
DECLARED THAT THE ROMAN EMPIRE WOULD BE NEUTRAL WITH REGARD TO
RELIGIOUS WORSHIP
OFFICIALLY ENDED ALL GOVERNMENT-SANCTIONED PERSECUTION, ESPECIALLY OF CHRISTIANITY
CONVERSION OF CONSTANTINE
1. PAVED THE WAY FOR THE FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL
“Οικουμένη”
INHABITED
USED TO REFER TO
THE TERRITORY
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
SINCE THE EARLIEST COUNCILS WERE ALL
CONVOKED BY ROMAN EMPERORS
PRESENT MEANING
MEETING OF BISHOPS OF THE WHOLE CHURCH
CONVENED TO DISCUSS AND SETTLE MATTERS OF CHURCH DOCTRINE AND
PRACTICE
2. CHANGES IN THE LITURGY, SACRAMENTAL PRACTICES
FROM THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS TO MONOEPISCOPACY
THE CHURCH DURING THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES
THE INTERACTION OF CITY CHURCH WITH
ONE ANOTHER BEFORE THE
COUNCIL OF NICEA
1. PRAYERS FOR OTHERS AT EUCHARISTIC CELEBRATIONS AND SHARING EUCHRISTIC
BREAD
a. LITURGICAL PRAYERS:
“AS THIS BROKEN BREAD WAS SCATTERED UPON THE
MOUNTAINS, BUT WAS BROUGHT TOGETHER AND BECAME ONE, SO LET THY
CHURCH BE GATHERED TOGETHER FROM THE ENDS
OF THE EARTH INTO THY KINGDOM, FOR THINE IS THE
POWER AND THE GLORY THROUGH
JESUS CHRIST.”
b. CHRISTIANS SENT TO OTHER CHURCHES
CONSECRATED BREAD OF
COMMUNION
UPON ARRIVAL, THE BREAD WOULD BE MIXED INTO THE
CHALICE OF THE RECEIVING CHURCH
AS A SIGN OF ONENESS
2. INSTALLING NEW BISHOPS BY INVITING OTHER BISHOPS FROM
NEIGHBORING CHURCHES TO CONSECRATE THEM
3. CONVOKING REGIONAL SYNODS OR COUNCILS
FOSTERED EXCHANGE AND COORDINATION AMONG CHURCHES
CHRISTIANS CONDUCTED SERIES OF DIALOGUE TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS OF HERESIES
4. EXCHANGING AND CIRCULATING LETTERS
THE LETTERS OFTEN CONTAINED THE VIEWS OF GROUPS AND NOT MERELY INDIVIDUALS
LETTERS ARE EITHER HORTATORY (SERMONS, APPEALS) OR INFORMATIONAL
5. ACCEPTING ATTEMPTS AT COORDINATION OF THE WESTERN CHURCHES BY THE BISHOP OF ROME
ROME CAME TO BE SEEN AS ENJOYING INFLUENCE
OVER OTHER CHURCHES
6. SUBMITTING TO DIRECT INTERVENTIONS BY THE
EMPEROR IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE LIFE OF
THE CHURCH
HE RESTORED CONFISCATED
BUILDINGS
MADE AVAILABLE FINANCES FOR CHURCH
BUILDINGS
CLERGY WERE EXEMPTED FROM
CERTAIN POLITICAL DUTIES AND TAXES
SUMMARY
GROWTH AND COOPERATION AMONG CHURCHES BEFORE
NICEA, DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS:
1.RELIGIOUS: A.EUCHARISTIC CELEBRATIONS,
B. INSTALLATION OF BISHOPS
2. ORGANIZATIONAL, SOCIALA. SYNODS, COUNCILS
3. CONCENTRATED COORDINATION WITH ONE
PERSON (BISHOP), INSTITUTION (ROME)