Web PerformanceServer-side Tips

Andrew Kovalenko

Table of contents➔ Nginx vs Apache➔ Apache performance tuning➔ Nginx performance tuning➔ Web server accelerators➔ Varnish➔ PageSpeed module

Total number of websites

NetCraft: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2013/06/06/june-2013-web-server-survey-3.html

Web server developers:Market share of active sites

NetCraft: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2013/06/06/june-2013-web-server-survey-3.html

Nginx vs Apache (requests/seconds)

Amazon EC2Micro Instance

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz

613 MB RAM

Ubuntu 13.10

index.html612 B

earth.png3.7 MB

Nginx vs Apache (memory usage)

Apache basic architecture

Nginx basic architecture

Frontend (Nginx) - backend (Apache)

Front endClient

Back end

➔ php...

Static content

➔ js➔ css➔ images➔ video

...

Nginx config

Light content (html, css, js, xml, rss, txt) Heavy content (photo, video, audio)

➔ g-zip compression➔ expires headers for content proxy➔ file descriptor caching

➔ virtual folder for frequently asked content➔ SSD➔ cache proxied requests

worker_processes, worker_priority, worker_connections, sendfile on, access_log off, tcp_nopush on, gzip on

Apache configRun-TimeCompile-Time

➔ load only required modules➔ choose appropriate MPM

HTTP Compression & Caching

➔ AllowOverride➔ FollowSymLinks and

SymLinksIfOwnerMatch➔ Content Negotiation➔ MPM config➔ KeepAlive and KeepAliveTimeout

Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate

Separate Static

RewriteCond for images

Other configs

Web server acceleratorsWeb server accelerator

Compression Operatingsystem

Browser Caching Edge Side

Includes

Prefetching Optimizecode

Preemptivehostnameresolution

Ad removal

Client

aiCache Gzip Linux All Yes No Yes Yes Yes All

Apache Traffic Server

Linux

CACHEbox None Linux All Yes No Yes No No Yes End user/ISP

Ishlangu Gzip Linux All Yes No No Yes Yes No All

LotServer None Linux, Windows

All No No No No No No Content Provider

nginx Gzip Unix All Yes No No No Yes No user/ISP

Polipo None Unix, Windows All Yes No No No No No user/ISP

SiteCelerate Text & Images All Yes No Yes No No No user/ISP

Squid None Unix, Windows All Yes Yes No No No No user/ISP

Varnish Gzip on-the-fly compression and decompression

Unix All Yes Yes No No No If You want All

Ziproxy Images, text & any gzippable data

Unix All No No No HTML, JS, CSS

Yes Yes ISP

Varnish

SPDY: PageSpeed moduleSupported platforms:➔ CentOS/Fedora (32-bit and 64-bit)➔ Debian/Ubuntu (32-bit and 64-bit)

Apache 2.2 and higherNginx 1.3.15 and higher, for lower versions build from sources

PageSpeed features➔ Optimizing caching➔ Minimizing round-trip times➔ Minimizing request overhead➔ Minimizing payload size➔ Optimizing browser rendering➔ Optimizing for mobile

all by filters...

add_instrumentationAdds client-side latency instrumentation

Head:window.mod_pagespeed_start = Number(new Date());

End body:pagespeed.addInstrumentationInit('/mod_pagespeed_beacon', 'load', '', 'http://www.modpagespeed.com/add_instrumentation.html');

combine_css

local_storage_cache

resize_mobile_images

And a lot more➔ collapse_whitespace➔ combine_javascript➔ dedup_inlined_images➔ defer_javascript➔ extend_cache➔ extend_cache_pdfs➔ inline_css➔ inline_javascript➔ inline_preview_images➔ insert_dns_prefetch➔ move_css_above_scripts➔ move_css_to_head➔ lazyload_images➔ outline_css

➔ outline_javascript➔ prioritize_critical_css➔ remove_comments➔ remove_comments➔ remove_quotes➔ resize_rendered_image_dimensions➔ rewrite_css➔ rewrite_javascript➔ rewrite_style_attributes➔ sprite_images➔ trim_urls➔ etc...